《女仙外史》是清初颇有影响的一部靖难题材小说,其创作受前人小说与史书的影响颇大。其中,在小说方面主要受《三国志演义》的影响,包括《三国志演义》的蜀汉正统思想影响了《女仙外史》的建文正朔思想,《三国志演义》中的诸葛亮形象影响了《女仙外史》中的吕律形象。同时,《三国志演义》的虚构情节方式也影响了《女仙外史》。这些方面的影响,是我们解读《女仙外史》在清初颇为流行及其表达的遗民心态的一把钥匙。

The book AnUnofficial History of Female Celestials was an influential novel in the early period of Qing Dy-nasty around Jingnan Event.Its creation was greatly influenced by the novels and history of predecessors.In terms of novel,it was mainly influenced by TheRomance of Three Kingdoms.The Shuhan orthodoxy thought was the prototype of Jianwen’s legitimacy as an emperor in this book.And the image LV Lv was described after that of ZHUGE Liang.Meanwhile,the fabri-cation style in The Romance of Three Kingdoms has deeply affected this work.Such influences are the key to the interpreta-tion of its popularity in early Qing Dynasty.

作为中国文学史第一部典范的长篇历史小说《三国演义》,有着自身与众不同的独创性和特殊性,还有集体累积的成书过程以及由此带来的深广传播,对后世都产生了巨大的影响。《三国演义》的成书历时长、途径多、样式杂,有史书记载亦有文学演义,《三国志》(包括裴松之注)、《后汉书》、《资治通鉴》、《通鉴纲目》到《全相三国志平话》、三国元曲杂剧、《三国志通俗演义》,最后到《三国演义》。在这漫长演变过程中,丰富而多元的文学创作语境对《三国演义》的成书起到了不容忽视的作用和影响。

As the first classic long historical novel in Chinese literary history ,Romance of the Three Kingdoms has its own dis-tinctive originality and the particularity and collective accumulation process and wide spread resulting which has great influence on later generations .The complete of the book of Romance of the Three Kingdoms has experienced long time ,all kinds of ap-proaches and complex styles .It has historical records and literary romance ,from The History of the Three Kingdoms (inclu-ding Notes of Pei Song-zhi) ,The Book of the Later Han ,Zizhitongjian ,Tongjiangangmu to the Popular Stories of the Three Kingdoms ,the Drama of Three Kingdoms in Yuan Dynasty and finally to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms .In the long process of evolution ,rich and diverse literary context role and impact can not be ignored on the complete of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms .

从《说文解字》可知,东汉时期"瞒"字只有"眼睑低"的意思,因此,从曹操"阿瞒"之小字推想,曹操的外貌有眼睑长得较低的特点。《三国志通俗演义》描绘曹操的外貌为"细眼长髯"、戏曲表演中曹操脸谱的勾画突出其"疑目"的特点皆由此而来。在唐代之前,"阿瞒"之称只有在与语境不谐时才包含贬义。"瞒"字在宋以后发展出"欺骗、隐瞒"的新含义,此后其本义几乎不为人们所用。而对曹操的"阿瞒"、"曹瞒"之称却变得非常常见,人们以"瞒"字的新含义与曹操个性中狡诈的特点相联系,以此理解"曹瞒"之名。这正与宋以后拥刘反曹的倾向相合,人们用"曹瞒"、"阿瞒"之名痛快淋漓地指骂曹操的害祢衡、杀孔融、忌杨修、败赤壁以及铜雀伎等事迹。

From Word and Expression,we can find that the word “man”has the meaning of “droopy eyelids”.There-fore,we can infer from CAO Cao’s nick name “A Man”that his eyelids might be droopy.In The Romance of Three King-doms,he is described as a man who has small eyes and long beard.In drama,CAO’s facial makeup is characterized by “star-ing”.Before Tang Dynasty,the name “A Man”was derogatory when it was not harmonious with the situation.After Song Dynasty,the word “man”began to take the meaning of “deception or lie”.Ever since then,such meaning has hardly been used.However,the names “A Man”and “CAO Man”has become quite usual.People have related the new meaning of“man”with the deceptive and foxy characters to CAO Cao,hence we can understand what the name CAO Man means.This is j ust in accordance to people’s inclination of supporting LIU Bei and opposing CAO after Song Dynasty.People have used such names to criticize his killing of MI Heng,KONG Rong,YANG Xiu and sc