为了利用位相差值法实现大气湍流格林伍德频率的准确测量，研究了位相差值法的有效性、哈特曼探测器采样点数和采样频率的选取方法。首先给出了位相差值法的基本原理和测量噪声去除方法，然后分析了哈特曼探测器采样点数和格林伍德频率的统计平均次数对测量精度的影响，结果显示，当采样点数大于400、统计平均次数大于400时，可以实现大气湍流格林伍德频率的准确测量。研究了测量噪声的影响，结果表明：去除噪声后，测量值的偏离误差从30％降低到0.6％。研究了算法的重复性精度，得到测量值偏离量的RMS值为1.9 Hz，占理论值的3％，说明测量方法非常稳定。依据上述结果，对8～108 Hz的湍流进行测量和分析，结果显示，当不考虑空气扰动时，测量值与理论值基本一致。最后，研究了哈特曼探测器采样频率和格林伍德频率之间的关系：哈特曼探测器的采样频率越高，能够准确测量的格林伍德频率也越高，并得到了定量的经验公式。上述结果表明，在满足采样点数、采样频率以及统计平均次数等条件下，位相差值法可以实现大气湍流格林伍德频率的准确测量。该研究工作为大气湍流的格林伍德频率测量提供了应用依据。

To measure the Greenwood frequency of the atmospheric turbulence accurately , the validity ofphase difference method and the selection of the sampling points and the sampling frequency of the Shack -Hartmann wavefront sensor ( S-H WFS) have been studied .Firstly, the principle of the phase difference meth-od and the noise elimination algorithm are given .Secondly , the effects of the sampling points of S-H WFS and the statistical times of Greenwood frequency on the measurement accuracy are investigated .The experimental results show that , while both the sampling points and the statistical times are more than 400 , the Greenwood frequency can be measured accurately .Thirdly, the influence of the measurement noise is considered and the result shows that the deviation error of the measured value is reduced from 30% to 0.6% with the noise re-moved.Fourthly, the repeatability of the phase difference method is measured .It is shown that the deviation RMS error is 1.9 Hz which is 3

英国服装设计师维维安·韦斯特伍德一直以另类、极端和前卫震撼着时尚界,其作品具有典型的后现代风格特征。她确立了与众不同的服装设计理念、内容和形式,为国际服装的设计与发展注入了新的灵感。从后现代视角出发,以服装结构为视点,概括了维维安·韦斯特伍德服装结构的后现代审美特征,总结出其中颇具普遍意义的规律,探索了其服装后现代特征的具体成因,解析了维维安·韦斯特伍德服装结构造型的特殊规则。从维维安·韦斯特伍德极富创造性的设计思维中,重新审视中国传统的服装结构,继承和发扬中式服装结构的优点,可以为当下的中国服装设计实践,提供一些有价值的线索。

As an English fashion designer, Vivienne Westwood has been shocking the world of fashion continuously by using the alternative, the extreme and the avant-garde, whose works has the style of modern characteristic. She reestablished a design idea on clothing content as well as fashion style. She has poured new inspiration into the international clothing development. According to the angle of view for Postmodernism, the paper analyses the characteristic of Vivienne Westwood’s clothing structure for Postmodernism in detail, summarizes the rule which has the universal signiifcance, and explores its concrete reason on clothing for postmodern characteristic to comprehend the particular principles of the sculpture for Vivienne Westwood’s clothing structure. Based on the extremely rich creative design and thought from Vivienne Westwood ’s clothing structure , we scan the clothing structure associated with Chinese tradition carefully, inheriting, innovating and carrying forward the

伍德坚持用历史唯物主义的立场和方法来分析工人阶级的形成。她认同并深化了汤普森的工人阶级形成理论。她认为工人阶级的形成和发展是建立在其阶级意识和阶级经历的基础之上，不是由单线的经济和技术决定的，而是包含文化和意识形态在内的多元因素共同决定的。伍德指出，汤普森的工人阶级形成理论揭示了在工人阶级的形成中，社会组织、物质利益构成了工人阶级形成的必备条件，日常生活则是工人阶级形成的关键领域。伍德关于汤普森工人阶级形成理论的解读对正确认识工人阶级的形成和地位，以及当代中国工人阶级的发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。

Wood insisted on using the method of historical materialism to analyze the formation of the working class. She identity and deepen understand Thompson''s working-class formation theory. She believes that the formation and development of the working class was based on experiences in their class consciousness and class, is not determined by a single line of the economic and technical factors, but joint decision by multiple factors including culture and ideology. Wood think that Thomp-son''s working-class formation theory reveal social organization, material interests constitute the essential conditions of working-class formation, daily life is the key field of working-class formation. Wood''s interpretation of Thompson''s working class for-mation theory has important theoretical and practical significance for correctly understand the formation and position of the working class and the development of contemporary Chinese working class.

阿特伍德的小说《盲刺客》的女主人公艾丽丝将明明是自己写成的作品说成是与死去的妹妹劳拉共同用“左手”完成，这一表面“匪夷所思”的论断实际上隐含了阿特伍德关于写作的三个基本理念：第一，写作是作家被某个神秘化身“附体”的过程；第二，“左手”是这种神秘创作力量的隐喻；第三，作品是作家与死者“协商”的结果。通过分析小说中母文本与子文本之间的生成关系和子文本的作者归属问题，我们可以挖掘出阿特伍德本人对写作的定位与态度，这将有助于我们换一角度来审视写作行为，同时对于理解加拿大当代文学的特点与走向都有一定的启示意义。

In Atwood’s novel The Blind Assassin the protagonist Alice claims that her long gone sister Laura is the co-author of her book which is actually written by Alice exclusively.This statement implies three basic ideas of Atwood about writing:first, writing is such a process in which the author is controlled by a double;second,“left-hand” is a metaphor for the mysterious creative force during writing;third,writing is a“negotiation” between the author and the dead.Through the analysis of how the“mother-text” generates the“son-text”,we can dig out Atwood’s idea of writing,which offers a new way for viewing writing from a differ-ent perspective,and even for understanding contemporary Canadian literature.

舍伍德·安德森是19世纪20年代短篇小说家。短篇小说《鸡蛋》选自其短篇小说集《鸡蛋的胜利》，其中安德森讲述了“鸡蛋”联系在一起的一家三口的命运。在小说中，“鸡蛋”有着重要的象征意义，它代表着“美国梦”。但对于每一个角色，这个“美国梦”又是不一样的，他们对于“鸡蛋”的存在也有不一样的看法。

Sherwood Anderson was a short story writer in 1920s. In the short story The Egg from the collection The Triumph of the Egg, Anderson told that one family’s fortune related with the egg. In the short story, the egg is the most important symbol. It represented the American dream. But for each character, the dream is different, and the egg has its different under-standing.