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双语推荐：免疫球蛋白检验

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目的：探讨研究对慢性乙型肝炎患者进行免疫球蛋白检验的临床意义与影响。方法：随机选取我院肝病科慢性乙型肝炎患者与健康志愿者各50例。使用免疫比浊法对两组患者进行免疫球蛋白M、A、G水平测定并进行比较。结果：所有患者免疫球蛋白检测指标对比显示慢性有乙肝患者其免疫球蛋白指标随病情加重逐渐增加，与健康组存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。治疗后患者免疫球蛋白指标变化显示慢性乙型肝炎组50例患者经过针对性治疗后病情好转32例，进一步发展18例。治疗后好转病例其检测指标显著优于恶化病例（P＜0.05）。结论：对慢性乙型肝炎患者进行免疫球蛋白检验可观察免疫球蛋白水平，为疾病分型提供正确科学的依据。另外，检验结果可清晰的反应患者疾病发展程度，并为临床医生进行针对性治疗提供依据。
Objective:To discuss the clinical significance and influence of immune globulin test on patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods:50 cases of chronic hepatitis B and healthy volunteers were respectively selected. The levels of immunoglobulin M, A, G were measured and compared by Immunoturbidimetry. Results: The immunoglobulin detection showed that the immune globulin index of patients with chronic hepatitis B gradually increased with significant differences (P<0.05) compared to the health group. After treatment, the immunoglobulin index showed 32 cases among 50 cases with chronic hepatitis B after targeted treatment were improved, 18 cases were further developed. After treatment, the detection indicators improved significantly better than deteriorating patients (P<0.05). Conclusion:Immunoglobulin test for patients with chronic hepatitis B can conduct in accordance with immunoglobulin levels in order to provide the right reference for the differentiation. In addition, the test results

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目的：研究探讨临床免疫检验分析前的质量控制及对策。方法随机抽取2012年1月~2013年9月来本院就诊的102例患者作为研究对象，对其临床资料进行回顾性分析，将其随机分为观察组和对照组，每组各51例，加强对观察组患者各环节检验质量分析前的控制，并予以干预措施，对照组不采取临床免疫检验前的质量控制措施，观察并比较两组患者检验结果与临床病理符合程度。结果观察组患者各项指标的符合程度均优于对照组，在免疫球蛋白M和免疫球蛋白E方面，二者比较差异显著（P﹤0.05），具有统计学意义。结论检验标本的采集和保存、仪器和药物的选择以及患者自身情况均为影响检验质量的重要因素；对受检对象的饮食、运动以及用药情况进行合理干预是确保检测结果准确的重要前提。加强临床免疫检验分析前的质量控制，对提高患者临床免疫检验结果的符合率具有重要意义。
Objective To study clinical immunology test analysis before the quality control and countermeasures. Methods Randomly from January 2012 to September 2012 of 102 cases of patients to our hospital as the research object,the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed,its were randomly divided into observation group and control group,each group 51 cases,strengthen the observation group of patients control before inspection of each link quality analysis,and intervention measures,control group not to take measures for the control of the quality of clinical immunology test before,to observe and compare the two groups of patients with clinical pathology in line with the degree of the inspection results. Results Patients of the indicators in line with the degree of observation group were better than the control group,in terms of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin E,the more significant difference (P﹤0.05), with statistical significance. Conclusion the specimen collection and storag

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目的：观察对比增强CT（CECT）受检者的肾功能及免疫球蛋白的变化。方法选取34例Child-Pugh分级A期的原发性肝癌患者为研究对象,分别行CECT检查,于检查前及检查后24小时检测尿的相对密度（SG）、pH值及微量白蛋白（MAU）,血尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（SCr）、尿酸（UA）、β2微球蛋白（β2MG）、胱抑素C（Cysc）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、补体C3（C3）及补体C4（C4）,采用配对t检验进行比较。结果CECT检查后患者尿pH、MAU及血β2MG显著升高,IgM显著下降（P〈0.05）,而尿SG及血BUN、SCr、UA、CysC、CRP、IgA、IgG、C3、C4水平变化差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论对比剂可导致尿液碱化、MAU升高及血IgM水平下降。
Objective To study kidney function and immunoglobulins change to the patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT examination.Methods The study enrolled 34 Child-Pugh class A patients with primary liver cancer who underwent contrast-enhanced CT examination.We examined the level of urine specific gravity(SG),pH and urine microalbumin(MAU),and the level of blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr),uric acid(UA),β2 microglobulin(β2 MG),cystatinC(Cysc),C-reactive protein(CRP),immunoglobulin A(IgA),IgG,IgM,complement C3 (C3 )and C4 in serum before and after contrast-enhanced CT examination 24 hours,respectively.Results After contrast-enhanced CT examination, the level of pH, MAU and β2 MG were much higher than those before examination,but IgM level reduced significantly (P 0.05).Conclusion Contrast media can alkalize urine, increase pH and reduce IgM.

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目的：探讨不同时期注射乙肝疫苗联合乙肝免疫球蛋对乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播的阻断作用。方法以HBsAg阳性孕妇及其婴儿为研究对象，A组105例于孕20周、24周、28周注射乙肝免疫球蛋白200 IU。B组106例孕妇于28周、32周、36周同法注射。两组新生儿出生后半小时内进行乙肝疫苗10μg、乙肝免疫球蛋白200 IU肌肉注射。结果 A组和B组新生儿出生时脐带静脉血、12月、24月外周静脉血HBsAg阳性率、HBsAb阳性率比较经χ2检验均有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论对HBsAg阳性孕妇孕20周、24周、28周及新生儿联合使用乙肝疫苗、乙肝免疫球蛋白可以有效减低HBV感染率。
Objective To explore the blocking effect on mother-infant dissemination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from injection of hepatitis B vaccine and human hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) at different stage of pregnancy. Methods 105 pregnant women in team A were injected HBIG 200 IU in week 20, 24 and 28 of pregnancy. 106 pregnant women in team B did so in week 28, 32 and 36 of pregnancy. And their new born babies were injected hepatitis B vaccine 10μg and HBIG 200 IU within half an hour after the babies were born. Results By comparing the HBsAg positive rates with the HBsAb positive rates of peripheral venous blood, the two rates were obviously different from each other during the three stages at which the new born infants were just born, 12 months old and 24 months old (P<0.05). Conclusion HBsAg positive pregnant women were injected hepatitis B vaccine in week 20, 24 and 28 of pregnancy. And their new born babies were injected hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG together. These decreased the rate

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背景：长期应用拉米夫定导致YMDD变异是肝移植后乙肝复发的主要原因。近年来恩替卡韦等新型强效低耐药抗病毒药物在乙肝相关性肝病中取得的很好的疗效，但对其在肝移植后预防乙肝复发作用的研究较为少见。目的：分析恩替卡韦联合小剂量乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白在肝移植后预防乙型肝炎复发的作用。方法：回顾性分析253例乙型肝炎病毒相关性肝移植患者的随访资料。所有患者肝移植前即开始给予核苷(酸)类似物预防，肝移植中和移植后均给予核苷(酸)类似物联合低剂量乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白的预防方案。在所有患者和具有乙肝复发危险因素(术前HBeAg阳性、乙型肝炎病毒DNA阳性、肝癌、YMDD变异)的患者中分别比较恩替卡韦+乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白和拉米夫定+乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白预防的不同效果。结果与结论：共完成253例乙型肝炎病毒相关性肝移植，死亡29例。拉米夫定组共202例，有16例复发，26例死亡，复发率为7.92%(16/202)；恩替卡韦组共51例，未发现乙型肝炎病毒复发，3例死亡，两组患者复发率、死亡率差异不明显。恩替卡韦+乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白与拉米夫定+乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白相比，能有效降低具有乙肝复发危险因素患者的乙肝复发率。复发后均停用乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白，并调整核苷(酸)类似物，经治疗乙型肝炎病毒DNA均<500 IU/mL，肝功能稳定。Log-rank检验显示乙型肝炎病毒复发后及时治疗对患者长期存活率无明显影响。结果说明，在核苷(酸)类似物联合乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白预防方案的预防下，乙肝复发后及时处理对预后影响不大。恩替卡韦联合乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白能有效预防乙肝复发。对于具有危险因素的患者，恩替卡韦联合乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白较拉米夫定联合乙型肝炎人免疫球蛋白可以更有效地降低肝移植后乙肝复发率。
BACKGROUND:Prolonged therapy with lamivudine has been associated with tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate mutation, which results in hepatitis B recurrence. Recently, antiviral agents, such as entecavir, have high efficacy and low resistance rate in hepatitis B-related liver disease. However, the researches on the effect of entecavir in preventing hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation are rare. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of entecavir combined with low-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin in preventing hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation. METHODS:The fol ow-up data of 253 patients who had liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus related liver disease were retrospectively analyzed. Al patients received nucleoside analogues therapy formal y before liver transplantation. The effects of entecavir+hepatitis B immunoglobulin and lamivudine+hepatitis B immunoglobulin were compared in al the patients and the patents with hepatitis B recurrence risk factors

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目的：找到关节液中各检验指标的改变与不同病因之间的相关性。方法将关节炎病例按常见类型分为6组，即骨性关节炎、反应性关节炎、痛风性关节炎、类风湿关节炎、创伤性关节炎、其他类型关节炎。每组随机选择37例患者，抽取关节液，并检测关节液中白细胞（WBC）、总蛋白（TP）、清蛋白（ALB）、糖（GLU）、尿酸（UA）、抗链球菌溶血素O（ASO）、类风湿因子（RF）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、补体C3、补体C4、白细胞介素（IL）‐1β、IL‐6、肿瘤坏死因子‐α（TNF‐α）的水平，将检测数据进行分组统计。结果除CRP、IgG、IgA外，其余各测定指标（WBC、TP、ALB、GLU、UA、ASO、RF、IgM、C3、C4、IL‐1β、IL‐6、TNF‐α）均存在差异。结论关节液中诸多成分的水平与病因相关。
Objective To find the correlation between each test indicator change of synovial fluid with different etiologies .Methods The cases of arthritis were divided into 6 groups according to the common types :osteoarthritis , reactive arthritis ,gouty arthritis ,rheumatoid arthritis ,traumatic arthritis and other types of arthritis .37 cases were randomly extracted from each group and the synovial fluid was extracted for detecting the white blood cells (WBC) count ,total protein(TP) ,albumin(ALB) ,glucose(GLU) ,uric acid(UA) ,anti‐streptolysin O(ASO) ,rheumatoid fac‐tor(RF),C‐reactive protein(CRP),immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin M(IgM), complement C3 ,complement C4 ,interleukins IL‐1β(IL‐‐1β) ,IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐a(TNF‐a) levels .The de‐tected data were performed the statistics by grouping .Results Except CRP ,IgG ,and IgA ,other detected indicators had differences ,including WBC ,TP ,ALB ,GLU ,UA ,ASO ,RF ,IgM ,C3 ,C4 ,IL‐1β,IL‐

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目的观察对比增强CT(contrast-enhanced CT,CECT)中对比剂对原发性肝癌受检者肾功能及免疫球蛋白的影响。方法选择2013-08至2014-04在我院接受CECT检查的患者54例,选取肝功能Child-pugh A级的原发性肝癌34例为观察组,肝血管瘤20例为对照组,两组受检者均首次静脉注射碘海醇行CECT检查,分别于检查前及检查后24 h测定尿比重(specific gravity,SG)、p H值、微量白蛋白(microalbumin,MAU)和血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)、尿酸(UA)、β2微球蛋白(β2MG)、胱抑素C(Cys C)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)、免疫球蛋白M(Ig M),采用配对检验比较检查前、后各指标的变化。结果 CECT检查后,所有受检者p H、MAU显著升高,观察组Ig M由(1.09±0.42)g/L下降为(0.92±0.34)g/L,对照组Ig M由(1.12±0.43)g/L下降为(0.91±0.31)g/L;观察组的β2MG由(1.68±0.73)mg/L显著升高为(1.99±0.64)mg/L,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。而SG、BUN、Scr、Cys C、CRP、Ig A、Ig G差异无统计学意义。结论 CECT中对比剂对原发性肝癌患者的肾功能及免疫功能具有一定的损害作用。
Objective To study the acute kidney injury and immunoglobulins changes in the hepatocellulor carcinoma patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) examination.Methods A total of 54 patients(34 primary hepatic carcinoma patients and 20 hepatic hemangioma patients) were included in this study who underwent CECT examination.The individual information was collected from each patient.Then we examined the level of SG,pH and MAU in urine, and the level of BUN,Scr,β2 MG,Cysc,CRP, IgA,IgG and IgM in serum before and after 24 hours CECT examination respectively.Results After CECT examination, all the pa-tients’ level of pH,MAU and the primary hepatic carcinoma patients’ level ofβ2 MG were much higher than those of before, while the IgM level of all the patients reduced significantly, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).However, the changes in SG, BUN,Scr,Cysc,CRP,IgA and IgG had no significant difference.Conclusions Contrast media may lead renal function an

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目的：利用总误差（TE）和不确定度的统计方法评价体液免疫项目的检测质量。方法利用伯乐质量控制软件计算2013年1月～10月金陵医院中心实验科体液免疫项目室内质量控制累积均值（x-），累积标准差（s），累积变异系数（CV），利用中国卫生部临床检验中心室间质评回报数据[共2次（201311～201315，201321～201325）]计算体液免疫项目检测结果与靶值的相对偏倚（bias％）和相对平均偏倚（bias％），结合室内质量控制累积CV计算 TE。使用室间质评回报数据和室内质量控制累积CV，采用 Nordtest法计算每个项目的不确定度。结果2个质量控制水平的免疫球蛋白 G （IgG）、免疫球蛋白 A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、补体3（C3）、补体4（C4）、抗链球菌溶血素“O”（ASO）、类风湿因子（RF）、C反应蛋白（CRP）和免疫球蛋白 E（IgE）的最大 TE 分别为：13.07％，14.05％，13.99％，15.68％，14.84％，14.5％，16.55％，14.19％和10.05％；这些项目的最大扩展不确定度分别为：15.44％，15.82％，16.23％，17.67％，16.73％，19.96％，19.01％，16.25％和1 0.86％。IgG，IgA，IgM，C3的不确定度构成比中偏倚和不精密度所占比例大致相同，而C4，CRP，IgE的不确定度主要受不精密度影响。ASO，RF的不确定度主要受偏倚影响。结论 TE和不确定度之间有一致性，可作为实验室检测质量分析和改进的重要依据，不确定度可提供更多参考价值。
Objective To evaluate the performance of humoral immune items by the statistical method of total error (TE)and uncertainty.Methods The data of internal quality control were collected by Bio-Rad quality controll software from January to October 2013,and the accumulation means (x-),accumulation standard deviations (s)and accumulation coefficients of var-iation (CV)were computed.According to the external quality assessment plans from Chinese National Center for Clinical Laboratories[2 reports(201311~201315,201321~201325)].The relative bias(bias%)and relative average bias (bias%)of humoral immune item results and target values were calculated.TE was calculated with the accumulation coefficients of vari-ation and the relative bias.By Nordtest method,the uncertainties of humoral immune items were calculated according to the external quality assessment data and internal quality control accumulation CV.Results The maximum TEs with every 2 in-ternal quality control levels of immunoglo

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目的：研究不同腮腺症状的原发性舍格伦综合征（ primary Sj?gren’s syndrome，pSS）患者之间的血清学特征的差异性。方法：回顾性研究289名患者，均符合原发性舍格伦综合征（2002年修订的欧美联合诊断标准）。依据患者腮腺的临床特征，将患者分为以下4组：第1组（类肿瘤组）、第2组（感染组）、第3组（肿大组）、第4组（口干组）。对比各组之间的人口统计学和血清学特征。每两组之间结果的统计学分析用t检验，F检验，卡方检验，方差分析。结果：不同的腮腺临床特征的pSS患者具有不同的血清学表型。第1组的血清免疫球蛋白IgG值是4组中最高的，而补体C4是4组中最低的。第2组的血清免疫球蛋白IgE值是4组中最高的。第3组的血沉值是4组中最高的。结论：不同腮腺临床症状的pSS患者具有不同的血清学表型。这可能有助于增进我们对该疾病的认识。
Objective:To investigate the differences of serological profiles in primary Sj?gren’s Syndrome (pSS) and eval-uate their correlation with the clinical characteristics of parotid glands. Methods: The retrospective study included 289 patients who fulfilled the diagnosis for pSS adviced by American-European Consensus Group Criteria in 2002. The patients were categorized by the clinical features of parotid glands: group1 (massive group), group 2 (infection group), group 3 (swelling group) and group 4 (others). The demographic data and serological profiles among these groups were compared. Statistical analyses of the results between groups were performed using the Student t test, Fisher''s exact test, chi-square and analysis of variance. Results: There was differences of serological profiles in accordance with the different clinical characteristics of parotid glands of pSS patients. Serum IgG value in Group 1 was the greatest, and complement C4 was lowest in four groups. Serum Ig

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目的：临床应用胸腺肽观察对小儿反复呼吸道感染疗效及免疫球蛋白的影响。方法选择我院2008年1月~2012年2月小儿反复呼吸道感染住院病例72例，随机分为治疗组40例，对照组32例。治疗组在一般的抗炎及对症处理的基础上加用胸腺肽，对照组给予常规抗感染及对症治疗，分别用χ2检验和t检验的统计学方法比较两组患儿的临床疗效及治疗前后的血浆IgG、IgA、IgM的水平。结果治疗组疗效优于对照组（P<0.01），治疗组治疗后IgG、IgA、IgM较治疗前差异有显著性（P<0.01）。结论临床应用胸腺肽能调节小儿体液免疫免疫水平，减少小儿反复呼吸道感染的发病率，提高疗效。
Objective:Clinical use thymus peptide observations on the child repeatedly respiratory infections and curative ef ect of immunity globulins occurring. Methods:Select the child repeatedly respiratory tract infection72cases randomly divided into groups of 40 for example,in the 32 cases.the treatment of the fight and to the at ack on the basis of processing and use of the thymus peptide and give resistance to infection of the convention and the treatment of intervertebral. Results:Of the curative treatment beats (p< 0.01)and treatment groups treatment igg and igm iga,a significant dif erence in treatment before a sexual (p<0.01). Conclusion:Clinical peptide thymus gland reduces the incidence of respiratory tract infection of the child repeatedly.child immunization.

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