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双语推荐：地下水脆弱性

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为研究珲春盆地地下水固有脆弱性，评价地下水的防污能力，在分析以往评价方法的基础上，提出了地下水位埋深（D）、包气带权重厚度（T）、含水层单井涌水量（I）和地下水流速（V ）作为固有脆弱性评价指标，建立了指标评分标准，采用层次分析法确定了指标权重。采用该方法对珲春盆地地下水固有脆弱性进行了评价。结果表明，珲春盆地地下水主要为一般脆弱区，占研究区总面积88．3％；较低脆弱区面积较小，占总面积0．8％；较高脆弱区占总面积的10．9％，较高脆弱区分布于珲春盆地上游及珲春河漫滩区，建议该区应注意减少污染物排放，保护地下水水质。
Hunchun city is an impotent transportation hub in Northeast Asia .Its economic development rate is rapid .In order to pre-vent groundwater contamination ,the groundwater intrinsic vulnerability was studied in Hunchun basin ,which is population and eco-nomic centers of Hunchun city .The groundwater level depth (D) ,weighted vadose zone thickness (T) ,Single-well aquifer water inflow (I) ,and groundwater velocity (V ) was used as the assessment index .The index weight was assigned by Analytic Hierarchy Process and the intrinsic vulnerability of Hunchun basin was evaluated .The results indicated that most area of Hunchun basin had normal vulnerability ,accounting 88% of the study area ;the lower vulnerability area accounted only 0 .8% ;the higher vulnerability area accounted 10 .9% ,which distributed in basin upstream and floodplain of Hunchun River .So the advice was given that the con-tamination discharge should be prohibited in this area to protect the groundwater .

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根据德阳市城市规划区的实际情况,选择含水层厚度、富水性、给水度、降水入渗系数、地下水资源可开采模数等能充分反应研究区地下水系统特征的5个指标,建立地下水水量脆弱性评价指标体系,利用专家评分法获取评价指标权重体系,并用计点系统模型及GIS技术进行研究区地下水水量脆弱性综合性评价。结果显示,地下水水量脆弱性较高和高的分布面积约占全区面积的29.7%,地下水水量保护管理形势较为严峻;发现地下水水量脆弱性在地下水补给区相对较低、在排泄区相对较高。
According to the actual condition of Deyang city, 5 indexes like aquifer thickness, water abundance, specific yield, precipitation infiltration coefficient, available groundwater exploitation modulus etc. , which can representative of the study area''s groundwater system feature has been selected to construct the comprehensive indexes system, the weights of inde-xes are acquired by expert evaluation method, the point count system model and GIS technology are applied to assess the groundwater quantity comprehensive vulnerability in the study area. The results showed that the high or higher groundwater quantity vulnerability distribution area about 29. 7% of the whole area, Groundwater quantity protection and management situ-ation is more serious; groundwater quantity vulnerability found in groundwater recharge area is lower, in the discharge zone is higher.

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以太湖流域典型平原地区苏州市为例,结合研究区水文地质特点,选取浅层地下水水位埋深等6项参数作为评价因子,建立基于墒权的浅层地下水脆弱性评价DRITuTmE模型。将评价模型与GIS技术相耦合,形成研究区浅层地下水脆弱性分区图,并进行研究区浅层地下水脆弱性评价。评价研究结果表明:所建立的评价模型避免了人为因素的干扰,能够真实地反映苏州市浅层地下水脆弱性程度。
Here presents the study on shallow groundwater vulnerability ( SGWV) assessment for Suzhou city, a typical plain area in the Taihu Basin in China. According to the specific geological conditions of the area, groundwater depth and other five parameters are selected as assessment factors, and the DRITuTmE model based on entropy weight is established to assess the SGWV in Suzhou plain area. Based on the assessment model and GIS technique, the SGWV assessment is conducted and the vulnerability distribution map is drawn. The assessment result shows that the improved model can eliminate subjective er-rors and can reflect the shallow groundwater vulnerability characteristics of the study area, and the result is useful for the shal-low groundwater utilization and protection.

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针对地下水系统中水文地质参数的随机性和模糊性会对地下水脆弱性评价结果产生较大误差问题,在辨析参数不确定性特点基础上,利用蒙特卡罗法同时对随机性参数和模糊性参数赋值,并结合DRASTIC模型对下辽河平原的地下水本质脆弱性进行评价。通过模拟计算出模糊性参数在不同α截集水平下地下水脆弱性指数不同可能性下的累积分布曲线,得到不同保证率、不同可能性情况下地下水脆弱性指数的隶属函数,并从脆弱性和不确定性两个角度对各分区地下水脆弱性进行对比分析。分析结果表明:Ⅰ1区脆弱性程度相对最高,不确定性程度一般;Ⅰ2、Ⅰ3、Ⅱ1和Ⅱ3区的脆弱性程度较高,且Ⅰ2、Ⅰ3区的不确定性程度相对最高,Ⅱ1和Ⅱ3区的不确定性程度最低;Ⅰ4、Ⅱ2、Ⅲ和Ⅳ区的脆弱性程度相对较低,其中Ⅱ2和Ⅳ区的不确定性程度较低,Ⅰ4区的不确定性程度一般,Ⅲ区的不确定程度较高。较传统评价过程,本次地下水脆弱性评价综合参数的不确定性分析得出了不确定条件下地下水脆弱性的隶属函数,结果切合客观实际。
The randomness and fuzziness of hydrogeological parameters in the groundwater system can lead to great error to the evaluation results of groundwater vulnerability. This study is based on the analysis of parameters'' uncertainty characteristics by using the Monte Carlo method to assign stochastic and fuzzy parameters at the same time combined with DRASTIC model to evaluate the groundwater intrinsic vulnerability of Lower Reaches of Liaohe River Plain. Through simulation to calculate the different possibilities-cumulative distribution curve of groundwater vulnerability index under different α-cut level of fuzzy parameters, it is possible to deliver the membership interval of groundwater vulnerability index from possibilities-cumulative distribution curves under different reliabilities. Furthermore, the groundwater vulnerability in each partition can be analyzed from vulnerability angle and uncertainty angle. The results show that: area Ⅰ1 has the highest degree of groundwate

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皖北平原是安徽省地下水开发利用程度较高的地区。依据国际上运用较广泛的DRASTIC指标体系,结合安徽省皖北平原的实际情况,构建该区域浅层地下水脆弱性评价指标体系,利用ArcGIS软件的空间分析功能评价该区域浅层地下水的脆弱性,绘制脆弱性分布图,评价结果可为该地区地下水资源保护和污染防治提供技术参考。
Groundwater is the important source of fresh water supply and has been exploited and utilized greatly in the North Anhui plain.DRASTIC model is one of the most widely used models for groundwater vulnerability assessment.To as-sess the unconfined groundwater vulnerability,DRASTIC method was modified in this study by reconstructing the parameter system according to the situation of North Anhui plain.The vulnerability map was drawn by the tool of ArcGIS and would be served as a scientific support for the groundwater protection in the study area.

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为了实现贵州省毕节地段地下水系统脆弱性评价的直观展示,选取含水层埋深、含水层补给、含水层介质类型、土壤介质类型、坡度、包气带厚度和渗透系数七项评价因子,采用DRASTIC模型建立了地下水系统脆弱性评价模型,通过模糊层次分析法（FAHP）确定了评价因子的权重,并基于ArcGIS软件对毕节地段地下水资源的各项数据指标进行了矢量化,实现了毕节地段地下水脆弱性等级划分的直观性分布图。评价结果表明,该区域地下水脆弱性较高且分布不均。
In order to realize the system of groundwater vulnerability evaluation of direct distribution in Bijie area, Guizhou province, seven evaluation factors as aquifer buried depth, the types of aquifer recharge, aquifer media, soil media type, slope, the thickness of the vadose zone and the permea-bility coefficient were selected. Through fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ( FAHP) to determine the weights of evaluation factors, and based on ArcGIS software to vector quantization data index of groundwater resource in Bijie area, realized the groundwater vul-nerability distribution of visual hierarchy. The evaluation results show that the regional groundwater vulnerability is high and the distribution is uneven.

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选取中国北方某一典型岩溶潜水水源地为例,利用DRWM模型和DRWMLPE模型分别对其地下水本质脆弱性和地下水污染风险进行了评价.评价结果表明,研究区内地下水异常现象的发生与地下水本质脆弱性没有明显的相关性,而与地下水污染风险性具有较好的相关性,进而阐明了地下水本质脆弱性、污染负荷与污染风险之间的复杂关系.单参数敏感性分析结果验证了DRWMLPE评价模型的合理性并获知包气带介质是水源地地下水污染风险评价中最敏感的因素.DRWMLPE评价模型可推广到其他岩溶地下水污染风险评价,为地下水资源的可持续合理开发利用提供科学依据.
Typical karst-phreatic water source in northern China was taken as an example,to assess intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater and risk assessment of groundwater pollution each based on the DRWM and DRWMLPE models respectively.It was found that groundwater anomalies were related to risk of groundwater pollution rather than intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater,illustrating a complicated relationship among intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater,sources of pollution and risk of groundwater pollution.Unsaturated zone media was found to be the most sensitive factor in risk assessment of groundwater pollution by using single-parameter sensitivity method,validating rationality of DRWMLPE model.The DRWMLPE model could be widely used in other karst-phreatic through improvements,providing scientific evidences for sustainable utilization of groundwater resources.

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地下水脆弱性评价是保护地下水资源的重要手段,本文根据扬泰地区浅层地下水的水文地质条件,对DRASTIC模型进行了修改。选取地下水位埋深、大气降水入渗净补给量、含水层介质、含水层厚度、地形坡度、包气带介质影响、含水层富水性7个因子作为评价因子,利用层次分析法确定各因子的权重值,建立了符合扬泰地区浅层地下水脆弱性评价模型;利用ArcGIS10.0软件的空间叠加分析功能,编制了扬泰地区浅层地下水脆弱性评价等级图,评价结果与该地区实际水文地质条件基本吻合,对扬泰地区的地下水资源保护和区域规划具有一定的参考价值。
The groundwater vulnerability assessment is an important means for the protection of groundwater resources .Based on the hydrogeological conditions of Yang -Tai Area, this paper has rectified the DRASTIC model , selecting depth of groundwater , recharge of rainfall infiltration , aquifer media , aquifer thickness , topography , impact of the vadose zone media and water -rich of aquifers sev-en factors as the evaluation factor , using AHP to determine the weight value of each factor , and established shallow groundwater vul-nerability assessment model for Yang -Tai area .Finally the shallow groundwater vulnerability assessment level diagram has been com -pleted through spatial overlay analysis using ArcGIS 10.0 software.The assessment results are in accordance with the actual hydrogeo-logical conditions of this area , and has a useful reference value for groundwater protection and regional planning in Yang -Tai area.

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目前许多地区的地下水因过度开采以及工业活动而受到了不同程度的污染,特别是在经济发达地区,由于化肥的过度使用,给地下水系统带来了严重威胁。本文结合典型案例研究区-江阴市地下水监测网络及其监测数据,应用AHP(层次分析法)对DRASTIC法各指标权重进行重新确定,并对案例区进行了地下水脆弱性评价。在此基础上,在DRASTIC指标体系中加入硝酸盐浓度因子作为特殊脆弱性影响因子,应用GIS空间分析功能得出研究区地形图。研究结果显示:研究区大部分地区属于较易受污染地区,少数地区不易受污染。脆弱性评价结果较好地符合了水质状况,在指导地下水资源规划以及生产活动具有一定的理论及实际意义。
The groundwater pollution in many regions is becoming more and more serious because of over -exploiting and industrial ac-tivities.Typically, the groundwater system in intensive planting area is facing with serious threat of pollution from over -using of fertilizer. In this paper , AHP ( Analytic of Hierarchy Process ) method was used to reset the weights of DRASTIC parameters referring to the conditions of intensive plantation in Jiangyin city and to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability .The results show that the groundwater in most of the study area was susceptible to pollution;A minor of area is less susceptible to the groundwater pollution .The evaluation results for groundwa-ter quality is consisted with the actually situation in study area .The work is helpful in guiding a theoretical and practical regulation for groundwater resource .

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以昆明市主要供水水源地松华坝水源保护区为例,收集水源地自然地理概况和水文地质资料的基础上,运用国内外广泛运用的DRASTIC指标法对水源地地下水脆弱性进行了评价。评价结果说明:松华坝径流区地下水系统脆弱性总体较差,容易受到人类经济工程活动的污染。
Songhuaba Water Source Protected Areas is the main source of water supply of Kunming City.Take Songhuaba Water Source Protected Areas as an example,collecting water natural geography and hydrogeological data,using the DRASTIC index method which widely used at home and abroad,the groundwater vulnerability evaluation was carried on.Evaluation results showed that the overall groundwater vulnerability of Songhuaba Water Source Protected Areas was poor,it was vulnerable to human economic and engineering activities of pollution.

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