以宁夏西吉县生态移民迁出村为例,分析了移民搬迁出村庄生态环境治理上存在的问题,并针对问题提出了生态环境治理建议。

With the ecological emigration villages of Xiji County in Ningxia as the examples, the existing problems in the e-cological environment improvement of the emigration villages are analyzed and some suggestions for the ecological environ-ment improvement are put forward aiming at the problems.

运用改进的人口承载力P-R-E模型,采用《宁夏统计年鉴2011》中宁夏各县市区人口、GDP、水资源、粮食产量、农林牧渔业产值等指标,计算宁夏各县市区人口承载量和人口承载力指数。结果显示各县市区人口承载力相对富余的有灵武市、银川市辖区;轻度盈余的有石嘴山市辖区、利通区、永宁县、贺兰县、平罗县;基本平衡的有青铜峡市;轻度超载的有沙坡头区、中宁县和盐池县;严重超载的有原州区、隆德县、泾源县、同心县、红寺堡区、西吉县、彭阳县、海原县。最后,结合宁夏主体功能区划方案,并就各县市区的实际情况,对各县市区PRED的协调发展和生态移民的迁入与迁出情况做出分析,以期为宁夏各县市区的人口和经济社会发展建言献策。

By using the improved Population-Resources-Economy (P-R-E) model of population carrying capacity,the popula-tion supporting capacity and population bearing capacity index of Ningxia counties and urban districts are calculated. The data is from Ningxia Statistical Yearbook 2011,including the index of population,Gross Domestic Product (GDP),water resources, food production, the gross output value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery etc. The results showed that the areas that had relative surplus population carrying capacity included Lingwu City,Yinchuan municipal district,the mild sur-plus places were Shizuishan municipal districts, Litong region,Yongning County,Helan County,Pingluo county;The basic bal-ance place was Qingtongxia City,the mild overload places were Shapotou Region,Zhongning County and Yanchi County;The serious overload places were Yuanzhou Region,Longde County,Jingyuan County,Tongxin County,Hongsibaou Region, Xiji County, PengyangCounty, Haiyuan county. F

【目的】马铃薯氮、磷、钾养分吸收累积特点国内外已有不少报道,但在宁夏地区的生产条件下尚缺乏系统研究,马铃薯配方施肥技术推广中也缺少施肥参数,难以确定合理的施肥量。因此,针对宁夏地区马铃薯种植基地的土壤条件,系统分析马铃薯干物质累积和氮、磷、钾养分含量,探明其对氮、磷、钾养分吸收累积特点,以期为马铃薯的精准施肥提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间试验和室内测定相结合的方法。于2012年分别在宁夏西吉县、原州区、红寺堡和同心县马铃薯种植基地进行肥料田间试验,按照当地推荐的施肥量统一施肥量和施肥方法(农家肥、70%氮肥、全部磷、钾肥基施,30%氮肥在现蕾期追施),在马铃薯不同生育期采集植株样品,测定不同器官干重和氮、磷、钾含量,分析不同生育期马铃薯干物质累积量、氮、磷、钾含量及其吸收累积量的变化特点。【结果】1)从不同种植基地来看,红寺堡区马铃薯干物质累积量最高,其次是原州区和西吉县,同心县最低;马铃薯干物质累积量随生育期的推进而增加,符合Logistic曲线,幼苗期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期和淀粉累积期的干物质累积量分别占总累积量的5%、20%、40%和35%。2)马铃薯植株氮含量随生育期而降低,其变异系数较大;磷、钾含量随生育期呈先增后减

Objectives]Characteristics of nitrogen( N),PhosPhorus( P)and Potassium( K)uPtakes of Potato P1ants have been researched wor1dwide,but few did in Ningxia region. There are not necessary Parameter for Potato formu1a ferti1ization techno1ogy,resu1ting in b1ind ferti1ization in Production Practice. Therefore,characteristics of absorPtion and accumu1ation of N,P,and K nutrients were studied according to soi1 condition of Potato P1anting bases in Ningxia for Providing a scientific basis for the Potato Precise ferti1ization.[Methods]Fie1d exPeriments were conducted in Potato bases in four counties of Ningxia in 2012. The ferti1izer aPP1ying rates were made inaccordance with the 1oca1 recommended ferti1ization. 70% nitrogen ferti1izer,tota1 farmyard manure and PhosPhorus and Potassium ferti1izers are basa1 aPP1ied,and 30% nitrogen are toPdressed at the budding Period of Potato. P1ant samP1es were co11ected to test fresh weights and dry matters of different organs at different growth

为研究如何在生态环境需水基础上进行合理的水资源配置,对宁夏固原城乡安全饮水水源工程受水区河道内生态环境需水量进行了分类和界定,并对河道内每一类生态环境需水量进行计算分析,结果表明:受水区各县(区)的河道内生态环境需水量由大到小依次为原州区、彭阳县、海原县、西吉县,基本呈南部山区向中部干旱带递减的趋势;受水区河道内基本生态环境需水量占河道内生态环境需水量比例较大,均在80%左右;受水区河道处于较好状况时的生态环境需水量占径流量的33%~35%。

In order to study how to allocate water resources reasonably based on eco-environmental water demand,this paper classified and defined the eco-environmental water demand of reception river channels of urban and rural safe drinking water source engineering in Guyuan area of Ningx-ia,and calculated each kind of eco-environmental water demand of river reaches. The results show that the quantity of eco-environment water de-mand from high to low is Yuanzhou District,Pengyang County,Haiyuan County and Xiji County,which basically presents decreasing trend from the southern maintain area to the central arid zone;the basic eco-environmental water demand has larger proportion of the total eco-environment water demand of river reaches and all of the percentage is about 80%;when the river reaches are in good conditions,the eco-environmental water demand is 33% -35% of runoff. The results can provide references for reasonable development,utilization and allocation of water resources in the recep-ti