为查明水温25~26℃、盐度22条件下中华虎头蟹各期幼体对福尔马林的耐受能力,研究了福尔马林对中华虎头蟹溞状幼体和大眼幼体的急性毒性。试验结果表明,半致死质量浓度值由大至小依次为大眼幼体、溞状Ⅲ期幼体、溞状Ⅱ期幼体、溞状Ⅰ期幼体,而36h后则依次为大眼幼体、溞状Ⅱ期幼体、溞状Ⅲ期幼体、溞状Ⅰ期幼体。福尔马林对中华虎头蟹溞状Ⅰ~Ⅲ期幼体和大眼幼体的48h半致死质量浓度分别为:97.323、163.024、122.599、168.388mg/L,安全质量浓度分别为:3.584、8.904、4.533、9.691mg/L。试验结果表明,可将溞状Ⅰ期幼体对福尔马林的安全质量浓度3.584mg/L作为中华虎头蟹苗种培育的安全质量浓度。

T he acute toxicity of formalin to different developmental larvae of Chinese tiger crab Orithy ia sinica was studied at water temperature of 25-26 ℃ and a salinity of 22 .The results showed that the larvae had change in the tolerance capacity to formalin with developmental stage .The value of median lethal concentrations (LC50 ) in 24h was found to be ranged as M (megalopa) >Zoea Ⅲ(Z3 ) >ZoeaⅡ(Z2 )>ZoeaⅠ(Z1 ) .In 36 h ,however ,the order of the LC50 value was ranged as M > Z2 > Z3 > Z1 .The LC50 of formalin for 48 h was found to be 97 .323 mg/L in Z1 ,163 .024 mg/L in Z2 ,122 .599 mg/L in Z3 ,and 168 .388 mg/L in M ,with the safe concentration of 3 .584 mg/L in Z1 ,8 .904 mg/L in Z2 ,4 .533 mg/L in Z3 ,and 9 .691 mg/L in M .It is suggested that the safe concentration (3 .584 mg/L ) of Z1 to formalin be the safe concentration during w hole larva breeding of Chinese tiger crab .

对中间球海胆Strongylocentrotus intermedius ( Si)和光棘球海胆S. nudus ( Sn)进行完全双列杂交,通过对自繁后代(Si♀×Si♂、 Sn♀×Sn♂)和杂交子代(Si♀×Sn♂、 Sn♀×Si♂)的幼体发育进行观察,详细描述了幼体发育各个阶段的形态特征,并在18、22、26、30℃4个温度下对自繁和杂交子代的受精率、孵化率、各幼体时期的畸形率和生长状况进行了测量和分析。结果表明：杂交海胆的受精率均显著低于自繁海胆(P 0.05)；Si♀×Sn♂杂交海胆幼体形态融合了两种自繁幼体的特征；温度对光棘球海胆自繁和杂交海胆子代的受精率、孵化率均有显著影响(P<0.05),中间球海胆在22℃下的受精率和孵化率最高,而光棘球海胆的最适受精和孵化温度为18℃, Si♀×Sn♂杂交海胆最适受精温度为22℃,而最适孵化温度为18℃；温度对海胆幼体发育的畸形率和生长均有显著影响( P<0.05),3种海胆幼体的最适生长水温均为18℃, Si♀× Sn♂杂交海胆在四腕幼体时期的畸形率最低,体长最小,除在八腕幼体时期畸形率最高外,在六腕幼体和八腕幼体时期的畸形率和生长性状均是介于自繁幼体之间。研究表明, Si♀×Sn♂杂交海胆在胚胎发育早期具有母本的热耐受性和生长劣势,但是随着幼体的生长发育,母性效应逐渐减

Larval development was observed and morphological characteristics at each developmental period were described in complete inter-specific, diallel cross and corresponding reciprocal cross in sea urchins Strongylocentro-tus intermedius ( Si) and S. nudus ( Sn) ( Si♀×Si♂,Sn♀×Sn♂,Si♀×Sn♂,Sn♀×Si♂) . The rates of fertiliza-tion, hatching, and deformity and growth at each period were monitored in the offsprings from the self propagation and hybridization exposed to 18 , 22 , 26 , and 30 ℃. The results showed that there was significantly lower fertiliza-tion rate in inter-specific hybrids than intra-specific offsprings ( P 0 . 05 ) . Larval hybrids blended morphological traits of both species. The fertilization rate and hatching rate were found to be significantly affected by temperature (P<0. 05), the maximum fertilization rate and hatching rate in S. intermedius at 22 ℃ and the op-timal temperature of 18 ℃ for S. nudus. In heterogeneous Si♀×Sn♂, however, the maxim

近年来海蜇池塘养殖业的兴起,补充了传统海蜇渔业捕捞生产的不足,推动了海蜇产业的迅猛发展。海月水母常常在海蜇养殖池塘中泛滥成灾,对海蜇养殖业常常造成很大损失,但关于海蜇与海月水母的种间竞争关系尚缺乏研究。本文对海月水母与海蜇的螅状体、碟状体及水母体幼体相互之间的短期生存竞争关系进行了初步观察研究。结果表明:除海月水母碟状体可以被海蜇螅状体所捕食外,各种类型的海蜇幼体基本不能对海月水母幼体造成危害。但海月水母螅状体及其水母体幼体对海蜇幼体均存在一定的危害性,尤其是对海蜇碟状体的危害性最为严重,在饵料缺乏的情况下海蜇碟状体可以100%地被捕食。随着海蜇幼体的生长,其对于海月水母危害的抵抗力逐渐增强。本研究显示海月水母相对于海蜇而言,在幼体种间竞争关系中处于绝对优势,这是海月水母时常暴发成灾的一个重要因素。在海蜇池塘养殖生产及苗种培育过程中,应当严禁混入海月水母幼体,以避免对海蜇养殖生产造成损害。

In recent years ,the rise of the jellyfish pond culture covers the decrease of the traditional jellyfish fisheries production in China .And jellyfish pond cultures develop rapidly with high profits . A urelia aurita is one of the most common jellyfish bloom species which usually occurs in the culture ponds of edible jellyfish Rhopilema escu-lentum and causes huge losses .However ,there is little research about the interspecific competition between A .au-rita and R .esculentum .In this paper ,a preliminary study was finished about the short-term survival and competi-tive relationship among the scyphistomae ,ephyrae and larvae of A .aurita and R .esculentum .The results are as follows:Only the ephyraes of A .aurita can be eaten by the scyphistomae of R .esculentum ,but the ephyrae and larvae of A .aurita can not be harmed by the ephyrae or larvae of R .esculentum .On the contrary ,the scyphis-tomae or larvae of A .aurita were harmful to the scyphistomae ,ephyrae and larvae of R .esculent

研究了洋山航道工程疏浚泥悬浮液和浸出液对三疣梭子蟹（ Portunus trituberculatus）大眼幼体的毒害效应，结果表明：（1）大眼幼体死亡率随着悬浮液和浸出液配比浓度的增大而逐渐增加。浸出液对大眼幼体的96 h半致死配比浓度φ（ LC50）为1294?66 mL·L－1，安全配比浓度φ（ SC）为129?466 mL·L－1；悬浮液对大眼幼体的96 hφ（LC50）为996?17 mL·L－1，φ（SC）为99?617 mL·L－1。（2）大眼幼体的蜕皮率随着悬浮液和浸出液配比浓度的增加而逐渐降低。同体积配比浓度下，浸出液处理组蜕皮率略高于悬浮液处理组。悬浮液抑制三疣梭子蟹大眼幼体的蜕壳，而浸出液抑制新壳的硬化。（ 3）浸出液和悬浮液胁迫24 h后，大眼幼体肌肉中HSP70表达量迅速升高，浸出液和悬浮液最高配比浓度组表达量显著高于对照组（ P＜0?05）；72 h各处理组HSP70表达量均达到最高值；96 h后各处理组表达量有所降低，最高配比浓度组HSP70表达量降幅明显（ P＜0?05），对照组表达量仍继续上升。

Toxic effect of suspension and lixivium from the dredged sludge of the Yangshan channel project on megalopa of Portunus trituberculatus was evaluated, through a laboratory simulation experiment. Results show that ( 1) mortality of the megalopa increased gradually with concentration of the suspension and lixivium, and 96 h LC50 and SC of the lixivium to megalopa of Portunus trituberculatus was 1 294?66 and 129?466 mL·L-1, respectively, and of the suspension, 996?17 and 99?617 mL·L-1 , respectively;( 2) molting rate of the megalopa decreased with increasing concentration of the sus?pension and lixivium;it was slightly higher in the group of lixivium treatments than in the group of suspension treatments group when they were the same in volume concentration;the suspension inhibited molting of megalopa, while the lixivium inhibited hardening of new shell;( 3) After 24 hours of exposure to the suspension and lixivium, the expression of HSP70 in the muscle of megalopa increased ra

为明确恩诺沙星对卤虫无节幼体的急性毒性,设置了0,2,4,6,8,10,11,12,14 mg·mL-19个恩诺沙星浓度,分析24 h半最大效应浓度(24 h-EC50)、24 h半致死浓度(24 h-LC50)和48 h半最大效应浓度(48 hEC50)、48 h半致死浓度(48 h-LC50)。结果表明,25℃条件下,24和48 h恩诺沙星对卤虫无节幼体的最大不致死浓度分别为0.4和0.2 mg·mL-1,使卤虫无节幼体全部死亡的最低浓度分别为1.4和1.1 mg·mL-1。采用概率单位法计算恩诺沙星对卤虫无节幼体的EC50和LC50。恩诺沙星对卤虫无节幼体24和48 h的EC50分别为(10.66±0.33)和(10.54±0.33)mg·mL-1,LC50分别为(9.46±0.33)和(7.71±0.33)mg·mL-1。结果表明,卤虫无节幼体对恩诺沙星的敏感性较低,常规使用范围内,对卤虫无节幼体的存活无明显影响。

A serial of concentration gradient of enrofloxacin were used to evaluate the effect of acute toxicity of enrofloxacin on Artemia nauplius.Nine different concentrations of enrofloxacin were tested in the study , which were 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 14 mg· mL-1 .The 24 h-EC50 and 48 h-EC50 ( effective concentration for 50%reduction ) , and 24 h-LC50 and 48 h-LC50 ( lethal concentration for 50%) of enrofloxacin were calculated by the method of probability unit .The results showed that , at 24 h and 48 h, the maximum concentrations of enrofloxacin that could not make Artemia nauplius die were 0.4 mg· mL-1 and 0.2 mg· mL-1 , respectively .The minimum concentrations that made Artemia nauplius to die entirely were 1.4 mg· mL-1 and 1.1 mg· mL-1 , respectively .The 24 h-EC50 and 48 h-EC50 of enrofloxacin to Artemia nauplius were ( 10.66 ± 0.33 ) mg· mL-1 and ( 10.54 ±0.33 ) mg· mL-1 , respectively.The 24 h-LC50 and 48 h-LC50 of enrofloxacin to Artemia nauplius were (9.46