阐述了风电球墨铸铁球墨形核、生长原理与孕育、球化处理的关系。石墨的形核分为均匀形核和异质形核,形核物质与石墨的失配度要小于12%是孕育处理和孕育剂选用的理论基础,孕育处理可以有效增加石墨核心数,孕育以邻近浇注为原则,且采用多次孕育法。球墨的生长必须有强烈的过冷以满足球墨缺陷生长的条件,介绍了提高铁液过冷度的主要方法——球化处理法,介绍了球化剂的选择和使用方法。

The relationship of nucleation, growth principle, inoculation and spheroidization of s.g. cast iron for wind turbine has been expounded. The nucleation of graphite is divided into homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation. The mismatch of nucleation substance and graphite should be less than 12%, which is the theoretical basis of inoculation treatment and inoculant selection. The inoculation treatment can effectively increase the numbers of graphite cores and multiple inoculation method with adjacent pouring should be adopted. The growth of spheroidal graphite must be with condition of strong supercooling to enable defect growth. The spheroidizing process is the main method to improve the supercooling of melt iron.Meanwhile the choice and usage of spheroidizing agent have also been introduced.

本文采用分子动力学方法模拟了纳米单晶铜薄膜在单向拉伸载荷作用下的塑性变形过程，重点分析了空位型缺陷的形核过程和演化机理。在模拟过程中，采用镶嵌原子势描述原子间的相互作用。模拟结果表明纳米铜薄膜中塑性变形起源于位错的表面形核，而空位型缺陷的形核及演化都与晶体内部的位错运动密切相关。空位型缺陷通常从位错割阶及层错交截处开始形核，以单空位、层错四面体和不规则空位团等形式存在。

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the plastic deformation of Cu films under uniaxial tension. The genera-tion and evolution mechanisms of vacancy-type defects were carefully studied. In the simulations, embedded atom method (EAM) was selected as the interatomic potential function. Simulation results indicate that the plastic deformation is due to the dislocation nucle-ation near free surfaces. Both the generation and evolution of vacancy-type defects are related to dislocation activities. Vacancy-type defects prefer to nucleate at the position of dislocation jogs and the intersection of stacking faults initially, and finally exist in the form of single vacancy, vacancy clusters and stacking-fault tetrahedrons.

为了确保我国核电厂的安全运行,在AP1000核装置中设置了非能动余热排出装置,该装置需增加1台换热器及核一级使用的不锈钢W形钢和方形钢支承框架。目前W形钢和方形钢的制造工艺取得了成功。经试验、试制,其形状、尺寸、公差以及各项理化性能试验数据都达到了设计要求,可作为核一级支承件,现已成功应用于核电项目中。

To avoid nuclear safety accidents as the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and to ensure the operation safety, we introduced a passive residual heat removal device in AP1000 nuclear equipment The device requires an extra heat exchange and support frames made by W-shaped and square shaped steel which meet the requirement for nuclear safety class 1 equipment. At present, success is achieved in the manufacture process of W-shaped and square-shaped stainless steel. Through test and development, the shape, dimension, precision and other physical and chemical properties can meet the design requirement and can be used as nuclear safety class 1 supporting components. This product has been successfully applied in Sammen nuclear power project.

综述了近十多年来以环三膦腈为核的非线性聚膦腈高分子的合成、性能及其应用.重点介绍了直接亲核取代法与多官能团引发剂法在合成以环三膦腈为核的星形高分子中的应用,以及发散法与收敛法在合成以环三膦腈为核的树形高分子中的应用.简要阐述了以环三膦腈为核的星形、树形高分子在光电材料、生物医用材料等方面的应用,并展望了以环三膦腈为核的非线性聚膦腈高分子的发展趋势和方向.

The development of synthesis, properties and applications of nonlinear polymers with cyclotriphosophazene core were introduced. The synthetic methods of star-shaped and dendritic cyclotriphosophazene polymers including directly nucleophilic substituent, multiple functional group, divergent and convergent methods were discussed. The applications of star-shaped and dendritic polymers with cyclotriphosophazene core in photoelectric materials, biomaterials etc were briefly introduced and the prospect of nonlinear polymers with cyclotriphosophazene core was anticipated.

采用分子动力学(MD)方法研究γ-TiAl合金中?110?对称倾斜界面的断裂行为，模拟在不同温度与应变速率下垂直界面方向的拉伸变形。结果表明：晶粒的相对取向及晶界特定的原子结构是影响位错形核临界应力的两个主要因素。取向差角度大于90°的Σ3(111)109.5°、Σ9(221)141.1°和Σ27(552)148.4°界面，位错在晶界处形核和扩展；取向差角度小于90°的Σ27(115)31.6°和Σ11(113)50.5°界面，无位错在晶界处形核，当应力达到峰值后界面直接断裂。γ-TiAl 双晶的断裂机制为微裂纹在界面处的形核及沿界面扩展；不同取向差界面的区别在于裂纹前端有无塑性区增韧。

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to study the fracture behaviors of several symmetric tilt grain boundaries inγ-TiAl bicrystals with?110? misorientation axes. Tensile deformation along direction perpendicular to grain boundary was simulated under various strain rates and temperatures. The results indicate that the relative orientation of the grains and the presence of certain atom units are two critical factors of the interface structure affecting the stress required for dislocation nucleation. Dislocations nucleate and extend at or near the symmetric tilt grain boundaries during the tensile deformation ofΣ3 (111) 109.5°,Σ9 (221) 141.1° andΣ27 (552) 148.4° interfaces. ForΣ27 (115) 31.6° andΣ11 (113) 50.5° interfaces, the interfaces fractured directly in a cleavage manner due to no dislocation emitted from the boundary. The tensile fracture mechanisms of the bicrystals are that micro-cracks nucleate at the grain boundary and propagate along the i