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双语推荐：心理预期

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文章以大学生体育消费心理预期结构影响因素分析为背景,采用问卷调查与数理统计相结合的集成研究方法,提出了基于AHP的大学生体育消费心理预期结构影响因素分析途径。结果表明,消费者体育消费预测的准确性及消费应对能力是影响消费心理预期结构的首要因素。
In view of the influencing factors of the structure of college student consumer psychological expectation for sports consumption ,using the research approaches of surveys and mathematical statis-tics ,the method to explore the influencing factors of the structure of college student consumer psy-chological expectation for sports consumption is proposed based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) .The results indicate that the accuracy of consumers’ sports consumption forecast and the abil-ity of consumption are the primary factors influencing the structure of consumer psychological expec-tation .

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对政治合法性问题的研究,社会心理科学关注政治合法性的来源及其形成过程中的社会心理因素。公众对政权体系的合法性预期,建立在国家特有的社会历史文化传统、领袖人格、意识形态、政府绩效、制度规范等基础上,内在地反映了政府行动所体现出来的价值观、意识形态,以及政府绩效对社会公众心理预期的迎合程度。了解社会公众的合法性预期,对于获取政治合法性资源,民众的合法性支持,维护和巩固国家政权体系具有重要意义。
In the study of political legitimacy,social psychological science concerns about its origin and the social psychological fac-tors in its formation.Public expectation of the regime legitimacy is based on such factors specific to a country as the social and histori-cal cultural tradition,leader personality,ideology,government performance and system and regulation.It also reflects inherently the values and ideology revealed from government actions and the extent to which government performance catering to the public social psy-chological expectation.Understanding legitimacy expectation of the public is of great significance for gaining political legitimacy re-sources and access to their legitimacy support,and for maintaining and consolidating the state power system of a country.

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本研究基于经典快速举臂试验与落球试验范式,采用表面肌电信号分析技术,研究内、外姿势干扰强度的心理预期对腰部姿势肌肉和上肢动作肌肉预期姿势调节(APAs)和补偿姿势调节(CPAs)的影响,探讨中枢神经系统(CNS)对内、外姿势干扰的控制策略。20名健康受试者先后完成不同负荷强度的快速举臂试验和落球试验,同步采集腰部竖脊肌、腰部多裂肌和上肢肱二头肌的表面肌电信号,计算肌肉预激活时间和APAs与CPAs积分肌电值,观察内、外姿势干扰强度的心理预期对中枢APAs和CPAs控制机制的影响。结果显示内部姿势干扰条件下,干扰强度的心理预期对腰部多裂肌、腰部竖脊肌和上肢肱二头肌的APAs强度有显著影响,而对预激活时间和CPAs强度无显著影响;外部姿势干扰条件下,干扰强度的心理预期对腰部多裂肌、腰部竖脊肌和肱二头肌的APAs强度有显著影响,对肱二头肌和腰部多裂肌预激活时间有显著影响,而对CPAs强度无显著影响。突发可预期姿势干扰条件下姿势的快速反应是一个由CNS主导的神经肌肉运动控制过程。受姿势干扰强度心理预期的影响,CNS对内、外突发姿势干扰条件下腰部姿势肌肉的活动采取了不同的控制策略。在内部姿势干扰条件下,干扰刺激发生时间明确,CNS主要通过对APAs强度的调节来实现姿势肌肉的优化控制;而在外部姿势干扰条件下,干扰刺激时间不明确,CNS则通过对局部稳定肌APAs预激活时间以及局部稳定肌和整体稳定肌APAs强度的双重调节实现姿势肌肉的优化控制。干扰强度的心理预期对姿势肌肉APAs和CPAs的作用表明,心理预期效应主要源自于CNS对局部和整体稳定肌APAs控制机制的调制。
In response to sudden posture perturbation, two different neural control strategies in central nervous system are used, named anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) and compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs). Previous studies have identified associations between psychological expectations of posture perturbation and the intensity of APAs and CPAs. However, it''s unclear whether these associations are consistent with different experiment paradigm and perturbations from different sources. This study aimed to examine the psychological predictive effect of sudden posture perturbation magnitude on the APAs and CPAs by which CNS acts on focal muscles and lumbar posture muscles. Arm-raising test and Ball-hitting test were performed with surface electromyography signal analysis. 20 healthy subjects voluntarily participated in the studies. In the Arm-raising test, they rapidly raise arms with a load of 0 kg/1 kg/2 kg in both hands. In the Ball-hitting test, they caught a ball fell

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目的 评价心理疏导对眼球摘除并义眼台植入术患者心理的积极作用.方法 对126位眼球摘除并义眼台植入术患者,在术前、术中及术后进行个性化心理疏导:术前建立互信,帮助患者树立信心,降低患者的期望值;术中语言安慰,适当抚触;术后鼓励患者快乐的情绪表达,调动自身积极因素,克服矫正长期形成的对体像的消极心态,重塑人格,提高自信心,提高患者对手术的满意度.结果 94.4％的患者达到了满意的心理预期值.结论 通过心理疏导以及降低患者的期望值,可以使患者达到“手术成功”的预期目的,提高心理素质和心理健康水平.
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本文从实际报酬与预期失衡、文化中缺少支撑和维护员工心理契约的内核等方面分析了社区医院心理契约缺失的原因,在此基础上由社区医院、患者、政府、医院员工四方提出改进措施,包括建立健全相关的管理制度、做好社区医院员工职业规划等。
In this paper,we analyze the reasons of psychological contract lack of community hospital from returns and expected imbalance,lack of support in culture and maintenance of employee psychological contract kernel and other aspects.On this basis, we put forward the improvement measures from the government,community hospitals,patients and hospital staff,including the establishment of relevant management systems and doing occupation planning of community hospital employee and so on.

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遂行重大任务期间,根据担负任务的不同阶段,会产生适应期、高压期、疲劳期等不同的心理变化和不良的心理反应.适应期会产生孤立无依、激动、兴奋过度的心理反应或松懈情绪,可以从调整心理认知、培养团队精神、强化忧患意识等方面入手,尽快进入任务角色.高压期容易出现畏难情绪和无聊心理,可以通过满足正当的精神需求、解决实际问题带来的心理困扰、加强心理训练等措施增强官兵完成任务的能力和信心.任务后期心理疲劳反应突出,应该采取消除心理预期、实施行为刺激、放松身心等方法,保持旺盛精力,圆满完成任务.
During carry out important tasks, according to the different stages of the tasks assigned, will produce different psychological changes and adverse psychological reactions adaptation period of high pressure, fatigue and periods of time. Aspects of the adaptation period will produce isolated and helpless, excited, excitement or relaxed mood psychological reac-tion that can be adjusted from cognitive psychology, teamwork, and strengthen the sense of urgency in a bid to enter the job roles quickly. High-pressure phase is prone to psychological fear of hardship and boredom, you can meet the legitimate spiri-tual needs, solve practical problems caused by psychological distress, and other measures to strengthen the psychological tra-ining of officers and men to enhance the ability and confidence to complete the task. The latter task prominent mental fatigue response should be taken to eliminate the psychological expectations, implementing acts to stimulate and relax other methods, maintain s

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针对非致命武器的实际使用效果与其预期效果总是存在差距这一现状,借助心理学的"应激"理论对其进行研究。以一起使用非致命武器处理暴乱事件为例,对非致命武器心理效应的产生、发展、结果进行分析,并建立心理效应的量化数学模型。结果表明,该研究对指导非致命武器在处突、反恐和解救人质中的应用具有一定的现实意义。
The author aims at the current present condition that there always exists some gap between the non-lethal weapons'' practical effects and intended effects, conducts a study with the help of the“stress”theory of psychology. Taking a disposal riots case by using non-lethal weapons as example, analyses the generation, development and result of non-lethal weapon psychological effects, and establishes a quantitative mathematical model of psychological effect. The results show that it has great significance on the guidance of non-lethal weapons application in the conflict, terrorism and rescuing the hostages.

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采用44名正常女性大学生作为被试,通过心理社会压力暴露的方法诱发焦虑组被试的状态焦虑,采用主观预期值作为指标,考察焦虑对条件恐惧习得和消退的直接影响,并探讨这种影响是否也表现在评价性条件作用上。结果表明:心理社会压力暴露显著提高了焦虑组被试的状态焦虑。在习得阶段,状态焦虑降低了被试对条件刺激的辨别条件恐惧反应,具体而言,状态焦虑降低了被试对CS+的主观预期值,但是却提高了对CS?的主观预期值;在消退阶段,状态焦虑抑制了被试对条件刺激的消退。状态焦虑的影响也表现在评价性条件作用上,和控制组相比,焦虑组在习惯化和消退阶段对条件刺激表现出了更为负性的效价评定。
The suggestion of individual differences in fear conditioning has been put forward as a potential etiological factor for the development of anxiety disorders. Previous studies mostly focused on investigating the differences in fear acquisition and extinction comparing anxious and non-anxious individuals, and different theories were developed for possible explanations. However, to provide evidence for a causal link between anxiety and fear conditioning, anxiety should be experimentally induced in healthy individuals. And to further understand the mechanism of anxiety and fear conditioning, evaluative conditioning should also be explored. An experiment was designed to test the impact of anxiety on fear conditioning. Forty-four healthy female participants were exposed to a psychological social stressor (or control condition) while subjective anxiety was measured, then all participants participated in a differential fear conditioning experiment consisted of habituation, acquisition, and ex

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目的：探讨预立医疗照护计划的影响因素及其预期效果。方法：选取安徽某综合性医院晚期恶性肿瘤患者112名，通过自编的预立医疗照护计划的影响因素及预期效果问卷开展调查，对结果进行统计分析。结果：影响实施预立医疗照护计划的患者因素包括相关知识、心理负担、医患沟通障碍、与家属沟通障碍、死亡恐惧、权利意识淡薄、担心后续治疗、制度保障缺乏、签署时间10个方面，前3位的影响因素依次是担心后续治疗、死亡恐惧、心理负担；所有项目得均分在2.7分以上，属于中度影响及以上。结论：实施预立医疗照护计划需要针对肿瘤患者担心后续治疗、死亡恐惧、心理负担等方面开展工作，以此提高肿瘤患者的自主决定权，促进患者生活质量的提高，减少医患冲突和纠纷，减少肿瘤患者的经济负担和医疗资源的消耗。
ObjectiVe:To inVestigate influencing factors for adVance directiVes and the eXpected effects. Methods:112 cancer patients from a general hospital in Anhui proVince were selected for an inVestigation of influencing factors for adVance di-rectiVes and the eXpected results. The inVestigation was conducted by the questionnaire of influencing factors and the eXpected effect,with the results statistically analyzed. ResuIts:The influencing factors for the implementation of adVance directiVes of the patients included such ten items as releVant knowledge,psychological burden,patients '' communication disorders with doctors, doctors'' communication disorders with the families of the patients,fear of death,weak consciousness of the rights,worry oVer the follow-up treatment,the lack of institutional guarantee,signing time of the adVance directiVes. The top three influencing factors were the worry oVer follow-up treatment,the fear of death and the psychological burden,with an aVerage scor

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投资者的认知偏差是有限理性现象的具体体现之一,文章通过采用看涨情绪变动指标(DS),通过该指标分析出开放式基金的经理对未来市场走势心理预期的变动。以BSI作为我国投资者情绪指标,并且结合市场收益率Rm(这里采用深沪300指数季度收益率),利用计量方法对看涨情绪指标变动(DS)和市场收益率(Rm)进行回归分析,证实基金经理人的投资预期是否理性,是否产生锚定启发式偏差。
Investors'' cognitive biases is a concrete manifestation of the bounded rationality.The articles through using of an emotional indicator (DS), open-end funds to reflect the overall market trend changes in expectations about the future.To BSI as my investors mood indicators, and combines market proceeds rate Rm (here used deep Shanghai 300 index quarter proceeds rate), uses measurement method on bullish mood indicators changes (DS) and market proceeds rate (Rm) for return analysis, used to determines market history performance on investors psychological expected changes of effects, thereby validation investment fund whether has anchor set heuristic deviation, whether has rational of investment psychological expected.

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