选用欧拉﹣欧拉多相流模型和 RNG k﹣ε湍流模型对重油悬浮床加氢反应器流动特性进行数值模拟，分别模拟了鼓泡床反应器和两种不同导流筒直径的环流反应器，考察了重油﹣氢气实际体系在不同反应器内气含率和轴向液速的异同。结果表明，悬浮床反应器在操作条件下均形成液相循环流动；导流筒能够规整环流反应器内的流动，增大上升区和下降区的流速，增强混合，同时提高下降区的气含率，从而提高反应器内的整体气含率。在使用喷嘴进料时，悬浮床加氢工艺选择环流反应器时流动特性更佳。

Numerical simulations of different slurry bed hydrocracking reactors were carried out using Euler﹣Euler multiphase model and RNG k﹣εturbulence model. In the simulations,bubble column reactor and airlift loop reactors with different diameter of draft tube were chosen to investigate the simi﹣larities and differences in gas holdup and axial liquid velocity. The results demonstrate that liquid circu﹣lation flow is formed in all three kinds of reactors. The draft tube divides the whole flow field into riser and downcomer,located in and out of the tube,respectively and at the same time,can enlarge the liquid velocity both in riser and downcomer,the gas holdup both in the downcomer and the entire reactor. A conclusion can be drawn that airlift loop reactor is better than bubble column reactor for slurry bed hy﹣drocracking process.

耦合太阳光催化氧化和有机膜分离技术,设计了一种新型太阳光催化氧化-膜分离三相流化床反应装置(简称反应装置),并对平均粒径0.22μm颗粒状TiO2催化剂在反应装置中的悬浮性能进行了研究。结果表明:增加TiO2投加量和光催化反应区曝气量均使TiO2悬浮浓度升高、直至最大平衡悬浮浓度,同时TiO2沉积现象亦随之变得严重,最佳曝气量和TiO2投加量分别为0.30 m3·h-1和10.00 g。气冲洗使反应装置中TiO2悬浮浓度保持恒定,且适宜的气冲洗时间和气冲洗时间间隔分别为10 s和40 min。连通管上的阀门全开时膜分离器中TiO2悬浮浓度始终大于半开时的,而气冲洗前管式反应器中TiO2悬浮浓度在阀门全开时小于半开时的;膜出水对TiO2悬浮性能的影响很小。

Coupling with the technology of solar photocatalysis and organic membrane separation, a new type of three-phase fluidized bed reactor of solar photocatalysis-organic membrane separation was designed;and the TiO2 suspension performance in the reactor, which the average diameter is 0.22 μm, were investigated. The results show that TiO2 suspension concentration increase with the TiO2 dosage and aeration flux of the photocatalysis area until its maximum equilibrium suspension concentration, but TiO2 deposits phenomenon becomes serious at the same time. The optimal values of the aeration flux and TiO2 dosage are 0.30 m3?h-1 and 10.00 g respectively. Air rinsing in recycle pipe makes TiO2 suspension concentration invariable and the best time and intervals of the air rinsing are 10 s and 40 min respectively. TiO2 suspension concentration in the membrane separation reactor is always higher when the connection pipe valve is full open compared with half open. However, the concentratio

目的观察临床护理路径在悬浮床治疗大面积烧伤患者的应用效果。方法制定符合悬浮床治疗大面积烧伤患者的临床护理路径,入院后随机将68例患者分为实验组与对照组。实验组34例实施临床护理路径;对照组34例实施常规的治疗护理,对护理效果进行对比。结果实验组患者的平均住院日、住院费用、并发症发生率等明显低于对照组(P0.01),而护理质量、患者满意度和疾病知识知晓率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论临床护理路径的实施,降低了平均住院日、住院费用、并发症的发生,提高了护理质量及病人满意度。

Objective To observe the application effects of clinical nursing pathway on the treatment of extensively burned patients on suspension beds. Methods Clinical nursing pathway which was suitable to the treatment of extensively burned patients on suspen-sion beds had been formulated. Sixty eight patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups after their admission. The experimental group with 34 cases was cared based on the clinical nursing pathway and the control group with also 34 ones received the conventional treatment nursing. Comparison was made in the nursing effects between the two groups. Results The average hospital-ization days, costs, and incidence of complication in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). But its nursing quality, satisfaction degree of patients, and cognition rates of diseases were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of clinical nursing

根据2007年冬季莱州湾西南岸海域沉积物和悬浮泥沙的调查数据，分析了海底表层沉积物与悬浮泥沙的关系，并结合表层沉积物的粒度特征，探讨了该海域泥沙的输运及沉积特征，对海域的泥沙来源进行了初步分析。结果表明，含沙量总体表现出近岸含沙量低，远岸含沙量高，底层含沙量高于表层含沙量，且北部含沙量高于南部的分布特点；底床沉积物呈现带状分布特征，在水动力条件的作用下，粒径由岸向海逐渐变细。结合已有研究资料综合分析认为，淄脉沟以北海域泥沙主要来自于黄河入海泥沙，淄脉沟以南海域受黄河入海泥沙影响较小，主要源于近岸浅滩和海底表层沉积物的再悬浮和搬运。

According to the data of samples of suspended sediments and surface sediments collected from the southwest coastal Laizhou Bay in winter 2007, the sediment transport tendency and the sedimentary characteristics are analyzed, and the relation between suspended sediments and surface sediments is discussed. The research results show that the suspended sediment concentration increases gradually from the seashore to the offshore area, and the north is higher than the south;the grain size of surface sediments shows zonal distribution in the horizontal direction, and reduces gradually from the coast to the offshore under the hydrodynamic effect. Taking the published conclusions for consideration, this study explains that the sediments mainly come from the Yellow River sediments in the northern sea area of the Zimaigou channel, and the sediments of the southern sea area are from the resuspended action of the surface sediments and the transportation from the beach.

制革废水是一种成分复杂、难生物降解的有机废水,水中含有大量染料、重金属盐类、油脂、以及毛类、皮渣、泥砂等有毒有害物质,CODcr、BOD5、硫化物、氨氮、悬浮物等浓度高,采用单一处理技术难以有效治理。笔者主要介绍了微电解、水解酸化、芬顿(Fenton)、移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)、上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)等技术在处理制革废水方面的研究现状,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。

Tannery wastewater is a kind of complicated refractory organic wastewater, and contains a lot of toxic and hazardous matters, such as dyestuff, heavy metallic salt, animal oil, feather, silt and so on. CODcr, BOD5, sulfur, ammonia nitrogen, suspended solids in the wastewater are so high that tannery organic wastewater can not be treated by single technology .In this paper, research progress in integrated treatment technology of tannery wastewater was reviewed, such as microelectrolysis, hydrolytic acidification, Fenton, moving bed biofilm reactor,up-flow anaerobic sludge bed/blanket and so on. At last, research direction of tannery wastewater treatment technologies was proposed.