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双语推荐：感潮河网

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以位于平原感潮河网区某房地产项目为例，从排涝安全角度提出场坪高程建议，并提出排涝优化措施，可供平原感潮河网地区土地开发项目排涝安全分析参考。
Taking a real estate project in plain tidal river area for example, and on the safety point, floor elevation recommended value has been suggested, and drainage optimization measures have been proposed as well, which provide reference for the security analysis on available plain tidal river drainage of land development projects.

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水库运行后,由于其兴利调节作用,使下游河道的径流量发生改变,从而对感潮河段的盐度造成影响。因此,在结合相关地质及水文资料基础上,建立感潮河网一维水流—盐度耦合模型,对浙江某大型水库运行后,下游感潮河段的盐度变化进行研究。研究结果表明,水库运行后,盐水入侵的基本性质不会发生本质性的变化,水库的调节作用在一定时段和程度上对盐水入侵起到有利影响。
The operation of reservoir will change the downstream runoff and affect the salinity of tidal riv -er because of the effect of profiting regulation .Based on combining the geological with hydrological data , the paper established one-dimensional flow-salinity coupling model so as to study the salinity''s variation in downstream section after the operation of a large reservoir in Zhejiang Province .The result showed that af-ter the operation of reservoir , the essence of saltwater intrusion will not change utterly .The reservoir regu-lation could have beneficial effect on the reduction of saltwater intrusion .

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随着城镇化发展,感潮河网地区下垫面原有的透水层逐渐被不透水层替代,涝水的产汇流过程发生了改变;同时排涝期间受外江潮水位顶托,涝灾风险加剧,合理的确定排涝模数对于涝灾治理具有重要意义。针对感潮河网地区的排水特点,建立了区域二层排涝模数计算模型。模型将全区域划分为城镇子排区和农业子排区,在子排区层面分别利用SWMM模型和广东综合单位线法进行建模,然后在子排区共同的排水通道(内河道)层面建立全排区的河网区水动力学模型。利用该模型,以广州市大岗排区为背景,研究了城镇化对该排区排涝模数的影响。结果表明:2003-2012年,大岗排区城镇化面积占有率由9.69%提高到24.25%,在20年一遇的同等排涝标准下,排涝模数由1.766 m3/(s·km2)提高到2.808 m3/(s·km2),泵站设计流量需由122 m3/s提高到194 m3/s;当排涝模数均为1.766 m3/(s·km2)时,2003年能够满足20年一遇的排涝标准,而2012年只能满足约15年一遇的排涝标准,同一排涝模数下,城镇化降低了排区的排涝标准。该研究可为城镇化背景下感潮河网地区排涝模数的计算方法选择及其合理取值提供参考。
Drainage modulus is the rate of water removal per unit of area used in drainage design.Reasonable drainage modulus is of great importance for waterlogging control. With the urbanization in tidal river networks, more and more impermeable areas are gradually replacing original permeable areas, thus changing the rainfall-runoff process of drainage areas. Different from rural areas, storm water in urban areas is collected by drainage pipe network,routing storm water runoff directly to main pipes or channels, causing less infiltration, but more overland runoff. Urbanization, with the loss of vegetation and replacement of soil with impervious surfaces, makes traditional computing methods of drainage modulus inadequate for urbanized areas. While inland river stage is affected by tidal backwater in tidal river networks, waterlogging risks increase. Based on the characteristics of urbanized drainage areas in tidal river networks, a two-layer computing model of drainage modulus was built. In the

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根据感潮河网的水力特性,采用有限差分格式求解圣维南方程,建立了三洋港枢纽水动力数学模型,并利用2010年实测资料对模型进行验证。根据施工截流的要求,利用水动力模型对龙口进行模拟计算,从而确定中泓截流方案所需要的关键数据。据此制定截流方案,成功实现截流。
According to the hydraulic characteristics of tidal river network,the hydrodynamic mathematical model of SanYangGang Complex was established by use of finite difference scheme for Saint Venant equations. The mea?suring records of 2010 were adopted for verification. According to the requirements of construction river closure , simulation calculation of closure gap was conducted by use of this model to acquire the key data and determine the closure scheme with successful outcome.

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奉贤区水域属长江流域,黄浦江水系,人工河道众多,水网密布,为典型的感潮河网地区。文章对上海市奉贤区1999年及2011年两次河道水质普查结果进行比较,并根据2000—2011年日常水质监测数据,采用有机污染综合指数法分析了近10余年间奉贤区骨干河道变化趋势,分析了河道水质污染的原因,提出了水环境改善的建议。
Fengxian District belongs to Huangpu water system,Yangzi Watershed,where are many artificial rivers,densely water network,a typical tidal river network area.Two river water quality survey results are compared in 1999 and 201 1 for Fengxian District in the paper,Shanghai,according to routine monitoring data from 2000-2011,organic pollution index method is adopted to analyze the water quality change trend at the main river courses in Fengxian District in recent ten years,and the reason for water pollution so as to put forward the suggestions for improving water quality.

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水功能区纳污能力是指在设计水文条件下,某种污染物满足水功能区水质目标要求所能容纳的该污染物的最大数量。浙江省主要水域共划分了1 133个水功能区,包括了山区性河流、湖泊水库、平原河网、感潮河段等水体类型,对不同水体类型纳污能力计算中模型选定、模型参数选择、设计水文条件确定等关键环节进行了初步探讨,并核定了全省水功能区的纳污能力。
Water environment capacity in water function area means in the designed hydrological conditions , the maximum number of the pollutants can be accommodated by when the pollutants meet the requirements of water quality target in water function area . 1 133 water function areas which include water types like mountainous river and lake and reservoir and plain river networks and tidal reach and so on are divided in the main water area in Zhejiang province . Key links such as model selection and model parameters selection and determination of designed hydrological conditions and so on in calculation of water environment capacity in different water types are discussed tentatively in the paper . Meanwhile , the water environment capacity in water function area in the whole province is examined and approved .

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基于EFDC模型,构建了广佛珠江感潮河网区三维水动力模型;同时,通过耦合石油类污染物水力输运与悬沙吸附-沉降过程,构建石油类水质数学模型,从而更全面客观地模拟水体石油类污染物的迁移转化过程。通过2001年1月实例模拟及验证,表明模型能较好地模拟再现珠江水体石油类浓度变化过程,为日后珠江水环境质量监控与水质改善、城市河涌整治成果评价及预测等提供技术支持。
Based on EFDC model, a three dimensional hydrodynamic model was constructed for Guangzhou pearl river network.In addition, an oil quality model was also built by combining advection, diffusion of aquatic pollutants and adsorption and settling processes of oil-in-water by suspended sediments.The proposed model was calibrated and applied to field observation case of Jan.2001, the results shows that the model can reproduce oil concentration variation in Pearl River, which also indicates that the proposed model can applied to water quality monitoring, evaluation and prediction for future water environmental remediation to pearl river and its inner creeks.

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河网水系是对流域进行水文分析的重要数据，其生成的准确性会直接影响水文模型模拟的精度。以西辽河流域为研究区，在 ARCGIS 软件操作平台上对研究区的数字高程模型数据进行河网水系提取，设定不同的流域汇流累积阈值，分别计算出各模拟河网的分形维数及河网密度，取二者拟合趋势变化相同处阈值对应的河网与实际河网进行比较，发现此处的模拟河网与实际河网具有较高的拟合度，从而避免阈值确定的随机性、主观性等问题，有效地提高流域河网水系提取的精度。
Drainage network is the important data for watershed hydrological analysis ,and its accuracy will directly affect the preci-sion of hydrological model simulations .In this study ,the Western Liaohe River Basin is taken as a research area ,the drainage net-work extraction is carried out through ARCGIS software based on the digital elevation model data of West Liao River Basin .The fractal dimension and drainage density are calculated in each simulative river network under different flow accumulation threshold , then the simulative river network at the same fitting trend of the two indicator parameters is taken to compare with the actual river . It is found that the former is most close to the actual river .This method avoids randomness and subjectivity on the threshold deter-mination ,and effectively improves the accuracy of drainage network extraction .

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水系在平原河网地区防洪除涝、水资源供给、水环境改善等方面功能作用巨大。从南通河网的形成过程入手,深入研究水利分区,分析论证河道结构特性,以期更好的把握本地区河网规律,完善水网布局,提高河网的综合效益,对平原河网地区的水利规划、建设、保护与管理具有指导意义。
Water system plays a huge functional role in aspects of flood and waterlogging prevention,water resources supply and water environment improvement in plain river network area. In order to better grasp the law of river network in this region,perfect the layout of water network and improve the comprehensive benefit of river network,this article started with the formation of Nantong river network,studied further water division,analysed and proved the characteristics of river structure,which has a strong guiding significance for water resources planning,construction,protection and management in plain river network area.

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绍兴平原的防洪排涝具有一定的典型性和代表性．以绍兴平原河网水动力为对象，全面分析了进入河网的河流控制边界条件和流出河网的水闸潮流潮汐水流控制边界条件；研究表明西部、南部和流出河网的水闸控制条件为重要的边界条件；为研究建立合理的河网水动力模型奠定了基础．
The flood control and drainage in Shaoxing Plain is of something typical and representative.Taking river network water power in Shaoxing Plain as object, comprehensive analysis on the terminal conditions of flow into the river network and the terminal conditions of tidal flow out the sluice is done.Research shows that the sluice control conditions of the west and south outflow are important terminal conditions, which lays a reasonable foundation for hydrodynamic model of river network.

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