近年来,新疆农业植物新品种权保护总体成效显著,植物新品种培育稳定发展,育种主体渐趋多元化,品种权管理与保护逐步加强,但仍存在植物新品种权申请与保护的结构性失衡、育种质量和效率不高、科研单位知识产权意识不强、植物新品种权管理保护体系不完善等问题,通过合理配置植物新品种育种资源、建立植物新品种补偿机制、完善农业植物新品种保护体系及管理制度等措施,能有效解决上述问题,促进新疆农业植物新品种育种与保护工作顺利开展。

In Xinjiang ,property protection of new plant varieties is now working effectively ,cultivation of new varieties of plants are going on well ,subjects of plant breeding become diversified gradually ,and the management and protection of properties are strengthened step by step ,but there are still some prob-lems ,such as new varieties of plants application and protection is structurally unbalanced ,the quality and efficiency of breeding is not poor ,the scientific research units’ awareness of the intellectual property rights is not sensitive ,and management and protection system of new varieties of plants is not perfect . However ,the problems mentioned above can be resolved effectively through allocating breeding re-sources reasonably ,establishing compensation mechanism for new varieties of plants ,perfecting protec-tion and management system of new varieties of plants .

作为一种独享的权利形式授予单位或以养殖品种确保培育植物新品种的个人各种植物新品种知识产权保护。具有相同的知识产权的植物新品种保护的对象都是智力成果。通过研究,植物新品种的法律模式,一方面要建立一个合理的模式促进植物新品种的诞生和推广,另一方面更有利于保护权利人的合法权益,造福人类社会。

New varieties of plants by granting a form of intellectual property protection,units or aquaculture species through breeding rights to ensure the development of varieties of exclusive rights of new plant varieties or individuals. With independent intellectual property rights for new plant varieties protection purposes is the same intellectual achievements. Research is more conducive to the protection of new plant varieties right people through the legal interest in the rational model,on the other legal model of the building,but also promote the birth of new plant varieties and promotion for the benefit of human society.

通过对植物新品种保护制度现状进行分析,加大舆论宣传,提高执法者和广大群众对植物新品种保护认识,这对调动广大育种家的育种创新积极性和推动农业科技进步起到重要作用。利用植物新品种权申请和授权的数据,分析了目前国内外植物新品种权申请和授权情况,国内科研单位的植物新品种权申请量和授权量仍保持最多,种业品种权意识还不够强。针对主要问题提出激励水稻育种创新的主要对策和措施。

It play an important role to stimulate breeding innovating initiative and promote progress of agricultural technology by analyzing the situation of new plants varieties, strengthening propaganda and raise awareness for staff and broad masses. It analyzed application and grant of new plant variety right by data at home and abroad, and it put forward the most application and grant of new plant variety right were research institutions, seed company`s consciousness is not strong, according to the problems above, it put forward policies and main measures for encouraging rice breeding innovating.

首先回顾了UPOV公约的发展历程,在简述中国热带农作物新品种保护现状的基础上,采用SWOT法分析了中国热带作物育种研发在加入UPOV1991文本背景下具备的内部优势、劣势和面临的外部机会、威胁。指出中国热带作物育种研发的内部优势为:资源丰富、热作战略意义重大、育种基础扎实、市场前景广阔;内部劣势为:种质资源储备不足、新品种研发及保护力度薄弱、育种研发主体市场化程度低,结构不合理、育种研发投入少、保护意识薄弱;面临的机会有:发挥中国热带植物资源丰富的优势、激发新品种研发的热情和品种保护意识、促进育种投入主体结构的优化、提高育种研发技术水平、促进新品种保护的国际合作;面临的挑战有:更严格的知识产权制约、薄弱领域的新品种研发面临冲击、"农民特权"限制实施面临困难。最后提出加入UPOV1991文本背景下中国热带作物育种研发的4种对策。

The development process of UPOV Conventions was firstly reviewed in this paper, and the new variety protection status of tropical crops in China also briefly introduced. SWOT analysis adopted to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat in Chinese tropical crops breeding implementing the UPOV“Convention 1991”. The strength was abundant resources, important role of tropical crops, present breeding achievement, a broad market prospect, meanwhile, the weakness was lack of germplasm resources reverse, less of new variety property, unreasonable breeder structure, less input, weak consciousness. The opportunity was giving full play resources advantage, fosteing enthusiasm on new variety breeding, optimizing breeder structure, improving breeding level, strengthening the new variety protection international corporation. The challenge we face was strictly intellectual property striations, weak fields’impact, and restriction of farmer privilege. Four suggestions of bree

本文主要阐述了茶树品种在植物新品种权和专利权方面的知识产权保护现状,并对存在的问题进行了分析。

We elaborate the status of intellectual property protection of tea Cultivar from plant variety protection and patent right in China, and analyzed the problems of intellectual property protection of tea Cultivar.