分注管柱密封状况直接决定注水质量和效果,验封技术是检验分注管柱质量的技术手段,并为上修作业提供依据。针对分注管柱验封困难及传统机械验封技术钢丝易被拉断、成功率低、验封效率低等问题,通过调研、研究及试验,形成了适用于大港油田分注管柱验封的电动验封技术。现场应用表明:该技术实现了密封胶筒电动坐封与解封、验封数据地面直读等功能,提高了验封的准确性及效率,成功率100%,能够满足分注管柱验封需要,已经成为大港油田分注管柱验封、确保分注合格率的主导配套技术,形成了分注管柱验封的新模式。

The sealed condition of separate injection string decides the effect of separate injection. The sealing check technology is the technical means to test the quality of separate injection string,which provides the basis for operations.The mechanical sealing check technology for sepa-rate injection string has the issues like wire pulled off easily,low success rate,low efficiency and so on.Response to these problems,the electrical sealing check technology for separate injection string is studied.Through field testing applications,it is proven that the technology can achieve setting and releasing operations of the rubber electrically,reaching high accuracy,high efficiency and high success rate of 100%.The technology can meet the needs of the sealing check for sepa-rate injection string in Dagang oilfield,which becomes the governing supporting technology in a new model.

机械加工零件表面的质量直接影响零件的使用，零件的质量严重影响整个机械的功能。随着机械加工行业的发展，机械的质量和性能都有所改善，但是由于一些机械加工零件的质量问题严重影响了机械的正常使用，影响机械加工零件表面质量的因素逐渐增加，如果不及时进行质量控制将会严重影响机械的性能。本文主要是对机械加工零件质量的影响因素进行分析，并就提高机械加工零件质量提出合理的建议。

The quality of machine component surface affects the use of the component directly, and influences the function of the entire machine.With the development of the industry,the quality and function of machine have been improved greatly, but some quality problems influences the use of machine seriously. The machine function will be impacted severely if the increasing factors which affect machine component surface can''t be controlled effectively. The paper analyzes the factors which affect the quality of machine component and gives some proper suggestions to improve the quality.

机械已成为当今世界一种不可或缺的工具。工业领域中，机械加工产业发展迅速。了解机械的原理与加工原理，才能保证机械产品适合产业发展，保证其使用的质量与效果。文章从分析机械构成元素出发，阐释了机械的基本构成原理，进而指出了目前加强型机械的使用与研发现状，提出了我国在加强型机械研发方面存在的问题及应对措施。

Machinery has become an indispensable tool in today''s world. In the industrial field, mechanical processing industry is developing rapidly. To understand mechanical principle and processing principle is essential to ensure that mechanical products is suitable for industry development and guarantee of its quality and effect. Starting from the analysis of mechanical components, this article illustrates the basic structure of mechanical principle, then points out the present situation of the use of heavy-duty machinery and its research and development, and puts forward the problems and countermeasures in heavy-duty machinery research and development in China.

施工机械作为建设工程施工的重要要素,在施工企业固定资产中占有绝大份额。机械管理中购置、机械管理帐务、机械安全及停置存放四个方面存在机械资本较大的风险隐患,做好四方面工作对企业机械管理和资本经营有重大的意义。

As an important element of construction engineering, construction machinery occupies the majority share in fixed assets of construction enterprises. The mechanical acquisition, management accounting, machinery safety and parked or garaged have large potential risks in machinery assets, do well the four aspects of works have great significance for machinery management and capital management.

设人工撒施、人工开沟施肥、机械旋耕施肥、机械中间犁耕施肥深10 cm、机械中间犁耕施肥深20 cm、机械双侧旋耕施肥深10 cm、机械双侧旋耕施肥深20 cm、不施肥旋耕、不施肥中间犁耕、不施肥双侧旋耕10个处理,研究了3种不同施肥方式对茶园土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明:机械双侧旋耕施肥显著增加了行间15~35 cm范围土壤的无机氮含量,机械旋耕使深层土壤无机氮含量明显增加;人工撒施、人工开沟施肥、机械旋施处理土壤有效钾含量均较高,其中人工撒施处理有效钾含量最稳定,机械中间犁耕施肥深10 cm处理效果最差;土壤有效磷含量以机械双侧旋耕施肥深20 cm、3个不施肥处理最高,机械旋耕、机械中间犁耕施肥深10 cm、机械中间犁耕施肥深20 cm、机械双侧旋耕施肥深10 cm处理较低。

In this study, ten fertilization methods were designed , namely manual surface fertilization (treatment T1 ), manual ditching fertilization ( T2 ) , mechanical rotary plowing 10-cm-depth fertilization ( T3 ) , mechanical intermediate ploughing 10-cm-depth fertilization ( T4 ) , mechanical intermediate ploughing 20-cm-depth fertilization ( T5 ) , mechanical bilateral rotary plowing 10-cm-depth fertilization ( T6 ) , mechanical bilateral rotary plowing 20-cm-depth fertilization ( T7 ) , 10-cm-depth rotary plowing without fertilization ( T8 ) , 10-cm-depth ploughing without fertilization ( T9 ) , and 10-cm-depth bilateral rotary plowing without fertilization ( T10 ) , and the effects of different fertilization methods on soil chemical properties of tea garden were in -vestigated.The results showed that the mechanical bilateral rotary plowing fertilization significantly increased the content of inorganic nitrogen in the soil samples 15~35 cm away from tea stems , and mechanical rotary plow