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双语推荐：椰子

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介绍加强椰子科技国际合作交流的背景及中国椰子科技国际合作概况,分析中国椰子产业缺乏具有国际竞争和科技含量高的椰子深加工产品,缺乏高层次椰子科技国际合作交流的人才,缺乏与国外科研机构合作开发较大的椰子产业的科研项目等我国椰子科技国际合作存在的问题,针对以上问题对中国椰子科技国际合作交流的进一步发展提出了建议。
This paper describes the background for strengthening international cooperation and exchange in coconut science and technology and gives the overview of Chinese coconut science and technology international cooperation, following by analysis of the problems of Chinese coconut science and technology international cooperation such as being lack of internationally competitive high-tech and deep processing coconut products in Chinese coconut industry, being lack of high-level coconut scientific and technological cooperation and exchange of international talent, being lack of developing larger cooperation research projects in coconut industry with foreign research institutions. At last, this paper proposed suggestions about developing Chinese coconut science and technology international cooperation and exchange.

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椰子乳的稳定性主要受配方中添加剂种类及配比、原料品质、水质和生产工艺等因素影响，着重研究椰子乳加工工艺中均质条件对椰子乳稳定性的影响。结果表明，椰子乳在70℃下，均质压力为25 MPa左右进行均质7 min较适宜，所得到的椰子乳离心沉淀率较小，能较好地提高椰子乳的稳定性。
The stability of the coconut milk is influenced by additives, raw material quality, water quality and production process factors. This paper focuses on coconut milk processing homogeneous conditions to affect the stability of coconut milk. The results show that the precipitation rate of the coconut milk is smaller and the stability is higher under the homogenization pressure of about 25 MPa and the homogeneous time of 7 min at 70℃.

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椰子是典型的食品能源作物和热带木本油料作物，广泛用于社会生活中，具有极高的综合利用经济价值。椰肉可食，也可以榨油，但是冷热不变形的椰子壳质地极其坚硬，很难对其进行加工。为此，根据椰子剥壳机的原理设计出椰子自动上料机，结合51单片机、步进电机系统和机械手系统很好地实现了椰子自动上料过程，为椰子的大规模生产奠定了基础。
The coconut is a typical food energy crops and tropical woody oil crops , widely used in social life , the com-prehensive utilization of high economic value , edible coconut , can also be squeezed .But cold and hot deformation of co-conut shell texture is extremely hard , hard to carry on the processing .So the society appeared a lot of coconut shell ma-chine, grinder, etc., this paper, based on the principle of coconut shelled design coconut automatic feeding machine , combined with 51 MCU and stepping motor system and the manipulator system good coconut automatic feeding process is achieved , which laid a foundation for large-scale production of coconut .

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椰子纤维,数量多、价格便宜、综合性能优越,其研究和利用是一种变废为宝,利国利民的重大举措。本文对椰子纤维的学术研究及加工利用现状进行阐述,主要包括宏微观构造、解剖特征、化学成分分析和物理力学强度等,并介绍了椰子纤维在人造板和复合材料领域的利用现状。纵观椰子纤维利用全貌,椰子叶柄纤维至今未得到有效利用,如何对椰子各部位纤维有效利用,应成为今后学术研究及成果产业化的重点。
Coconut fiber is abundant ,cheap and has excellent comprehensive performance.Its research and utilization is a major initi-ative which turns the waste to treasure and contributes to the mankind.In this paper ,the situation and tendency of coconut fiber re-search and utilization is reviewed and commented briefly.In the past years ,research on coconut was mainly focused on its macro and micro structure ,its anatomical characteristics ,its chemical composition analysis ,and its physical and mechanical properties.Coconut is widely utilized in many field accepts.Here its use in material industry is emphasized.But until now,coconut palm branches and leaves,which are comparatively weak in the whole tree have not been utilized effectively.How to make effective utilization of coconut palm branches and leaves should be put on a high position in the future.

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采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取,利用GC-MS联用方法分析了海南椰子水和泰国椰子水的挥发性香气成分。以保留指数结合谱库检索定性,面积归一化法定量,从2种椰子水的挥发性成分中共分析鉴定出60种化合物,其中海南椰子水41种,泰国椰子水47种,共有成分为28种。
The volatile aroma components of the coconut waters of Hainan and Thailand were extracted by SDE,then analyzed by GC-MS and identified by spectral library and retention index(RI),the relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. Total of 60 volatile flavor compounds were identified successfully by GC-MS,including 41 and 47 compo-nents from coconut waters of Hainan and Thailand respectively,and 28 components were in both waters.

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以全脂乳粉、椰浆为原料,探讨了椰子乳饮料的制备工艺条件。通过正交试验研究了椰子乳饮料产品配方及乳化稳定剂的复配方案。结果表明：椰子乳饮料最适配料为全脂乳粉5.0%、椰浆2.0%、白砂糖5.0%、椰子香精0.1%;椰子乳饮料最佳稳定剂为酪朊酸钠0.1%、结冷胶0.03%、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.02%、单,双甘油脂肪酸酯0.08%。
With whole milk powder and coconut as raw materials,the manufacture process conditions of coconut milk beverage were discussed. Product formula and compositional formulation of emulsion stabilizer were studied by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the optimal formula of coconut milk beverage was as follows: whole milk powder was 5.0%;coconut milk was 2.0%;white sugar was 5.0%;coconut flavor was 0.1%. The best stabilizer compositional formulation was as follows: sodium caseinate was 0.1%;gellan gum was 0.03%;sucrose fatty acid ester was 0.02%;and single,double glycerin fatty acid ester was 0.08%.

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经过对云南省零星椰子种植区近两年的抽样调查,发现危害本区域的椰子病虫害种类较多,椰子病害主要有椰子茎干泻血病、灰斑病、芽腐病、果腐病、煤烟病,虫害主要种类有椰心叶甲、二疣犀甲、椰园蚧、红脉穗螟、黑刺粉虱等13个类群,并明确了分布范围。
An investigation has been conducted in coconut palm plantations at random from the year of 2010 to 2012 in Yun-nan Province. Of the diseases and pests identified in this survey, Ceratocystis paradoxa, Pestalotia palmarum, Phytophtho-rapalmivora,Meliolasp.and other 13 insect pests like Brontispalongissima,Oryctesrhinoceros,Aspidiotusdestructorsigno-ret,Aleurocanthusspiniferus, etc. are the dominant diseases and pests distributed in coconut plantations in Yunnan.

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通过调查雷州半岛椰子资源的分布及寒害情况，一方面，摸清椰子生长边缘区域的资源分布情况及类型，另一方面，了解调查区域内椰子的适应性。开展此项工作对于将来种子资源的收集、保护及选育种工作具有一定的现实意义。
The distribution and cold damage to coconut resources in Leizhou Peninsula were investigated. The distribution and types of coconut resources at the edge growing area, the adaption of coconut in the investigated area were explored. The work has a certain meanings for collection, protection and breeding of coconut resource.

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椰子水中主要为蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖;椰花序汁中为蔗糖;椰肉中主要含有半乳甘露聚糖和膳食纤维。目前,可溶性糖的应用范围较广,如食品加工、微生物发酵等,而不溶性糖主要作为饲料使用。但是,椰子水中的糖和椰肉中的膳食纤维也为加工带来了困扰。本文综述椰子水、椰花序汁、椰肉中糖的种类、组成、变化规律及其功能与应用前景,为提高椰子副产物加工利用率提供理论依据。
Varieties, constituents, variations of saccharides in coconut water, coconut inflorescence sap and coconut flesh were summarized in this article. Sucrose, fructose and glucose were main components in coconut water. Coconut inflorescence sap contained most of sucrose. And dietary fiber and galactomannan were dominated in coconut flesh. The soluble saccharides in coconut were applied to product manufactur-ing and fermentation, and the insoluble saccharine were used as feed. Whereas, saccharides in coconut wa-ter and coconut flesh brought some disadvantages to processing. This article provided basis for improving by-product utilization rate.

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结合花生与橡胶、槟榔、椰子、油茶和油棕等重要热带作物的生长特点,介绍了橡胶—花生、槟榔—花生、椰子—花生、油茶—花生、油棕—花生间作模式,并展望了海南林下间作花生的发展前景。
Combined with the growth characteristics of peanut and rubber,betel nuts,coconut,camellia an d oil palm and other important tropical crops,the rubber-peanuts,betel nuts-peanuts,coconut-peanuts,camellia-peanuts and oil palm-peanuts intercropping modes were introduced,and the development prospect of peanut intercropping in Hainan was forecasted.

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