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双语推荐：氧化还原系统

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研究探讨硫渣隔膜电解、回转窑氧化还原焙烧、含铜焙砂硫酸浸出、浸出液冷却结晶生产硫酸铜,浸出渣再经回转窑氧化还原焙烧产出合格含锡焙砂,供给锡熔炼系统作为二次原料使用的优化工艺设计方案。
Research and probe on the optimization process design scheme of which through sulphur slag dia -phragm-electrolyzing , rotary redox roasting , the copper -bearing calcine being leached by sulfuric acid , and the leaching solution cooling and crystallizing , the copper sulfate can be produced , and then when the leaching residue was again redox roasted by rotary kiln , the qulified tin -bearing calcine can be formed which can be used as secondary raw material for tin smelting system .

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NH3选择性催化还原NOx（NH3-SCR）是一种广泛应用于以燃煤电厂为代表的固定源和以柴油发动机为代表的移动源NOx排放控制的技术.近年来,氧化铈由于具有优异的氧化-还原、储氧和表面酸性等特性而在NH3-SCR催化剂研究中受到广泛关注.本文系统综述了氧化铈用作NH3-SCR催化剂载体、助剂和主催化组分的相关研究,并对该领域未来可能的研究方向进行展望.
The selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR) is one of the widely used NOx control strategies for stationary sources (particularly for power plants) and mobile sources (particularly for diesel vehicles). The application is aimed at meeting the increasingly stringent standards for NOx emissions. Recently, ceria has attracted much attention for its applications in NH3-SCR catalysts owing to its unique redox, oxygen storage, and acid-base properties. In this article, we comprehen-sively review recent studies on ceria for NH3-SCR catalysts when used as support, promoter, or the main active component. In addition, the general development of ceria for NH3-SCR catalysts is dis-cussed.

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二氧化氯杀生剂优点很多。在油田水处理系统中,ClO2杀生剂不仅能杀亚微生物,而且能氧化还原性物质,具有明显的增产效果。在循环冷却水水质处理中,ClO2的强氧化性、安全性及较低的生产成本,在水处理行业具有广阔的应用前景。
ClO2 biocide has many advantages. ClO2 biocide is able to increase production by killing microorganisms and oxidizing reduced substance in the system of oilfield water treatment. In the system of circulating cooling water treatment, ClO2 biocide has strong oxidizing property, safety and the low cost. So it has broad prospects in the water treatment industry.

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豫西石炭纪铝土矿成矿系统是一个发生在陆地表面的成矿系统,地球系统的各个圈层都在该系统中出现并对成矿具有明显的控制作用。控制成矿的因素有:沉积作用、风化作用、构造作用、地貌、气候、水文地质条件、生物作用、氧化还原条件、海洋的作用、岩溶作用等,本文对这些因素在铝土矿成矿系统中的作用进行了研究。
The metallogenic system of Carboniferous bauxites in western Henan is metallogenic system oc-curred on the land surface,which all the spheres of the earth system occur in and have control on the miner-alization.Factors in bauxite metallogenic system were investigated,such as sedimentation,weathering,tec-tonization,landform,climate,hydrogeological condition,biological action,redox condition,ocean affection and karstification.

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甲烷的温室效应是二氧化碳的26倍，高浓度硫酸盐废水对水体、土壤和植物均有危害。硫酸盐为氧化剂的甲烷厌氧氧化是减少甲烷的主要途径之一。本研究以硫酸盐作为电子受体，驯化培养硫酸盐还原型甲烷厌氧氧化菌群，采用 PCR-DGGE技术分析细菌和古菌菌群多样性和群落结构特征，并对其中的优势菌进行系统发育分析。 DGGE 指纹图谱结果表明，硫酸盐的加入使微生物群落结构和优势种群数量发生了明显的改变，其增强了甲烷氧化古菌和硫酸盐还原细菌的丰度，加入硫酸盐驯化的菌群，其细菌群落多样性增加而古菌群落多样性略微减少。典型条带测序结果显示，驯化后菌群的优势菌种主要包括螺旋体门( Spirochaetes)，除硫单胞菌目( Desulfuromonadales)、甲烷八叠球菌目( Methanosarcinales)和甲烷丝状菌属(Methanosaeta)等。驯化菌群的甲烷厌氧氧化研究结果显示，甲烷厌氧氧化的同时伴随硫酸盐的还原，甲烷的氧化产物为二氧化碳，硫酸盐的转化产物为硫化氢和硫单质。
The greenhouse effect of methane is 26 times worse than that of carbon dioxide, and wastewater containing high concentrations of sulfate is harmful to water, soil and plants. Therefore, anaerobic oxidation of methane driven by sulfate is one of the effective ways for methane reduction. In this paper, with sulfate as the electron accepter, a microbial consortium capable of oxidating methane under anaerobic condition was cultured. The diversity and characteristics of bacterial and archaeal community were investigated by PCR-DGGE, and phylogenetic analysis of the dominant microorganisms was also carried out. The DGGE fingerprints showed that microbial community structure changed distinctly, and the abundance of methane-oxidizing archea and sulfate-reducing bacteria increased in the acclimatization system added sulfate. After acclimatization, the bacterial diversity increased, while archaea diversity decreased slightly. The representative bands in the DGGE profiles were excised a

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硫氧还蛋白系统是由硫氧还蛋白、硫氧还蛋白还原酶和还原型辅酶Ⅱ以及硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白组成的多功能小分子蛋白系统,其中一重要作用是参与调节细胞氧化还原状态以对抗氧化应激,因此在一些老年性疾病如慢性阻塞性肺疾病、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病等的发生发展中扮演重要角色,本文对硫氧还蛋白系统在以上疾病中的功能作一综述.
Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase and NADPH,plus thioredoxin interacting protein,comprising the thioredoxin system,has a large number of functions in redox regulation,defense against oxidative stress and apoptosis or redox signaling with reference to many age-related diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,cardiovascular diseases,neuro-degenerative diseases and diabetes.This article reviews the role of thioredoxin system in above disease.

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豫西卢氏八宝山铁铜多金属矿床是华北克拉通南缘中生代斑岩成矿体系中以铁矿化为主的矿床，其中南矿带和西矿带广泛发育黄铁矿。电子探针成分显示，黄铁矿的主要元素S和Fe的总和超过90%，但同一种黄铁矿表面不同位置微量元素Cu和As的含量存在突变。这种突变说明，来源于同一岩浆热液系统的富液相流体与上升的富气相流体的混合作用是引起黄铁矿沉淀的主要机制。黄铁矿中的As有两种赋存价态As3+和As1–，代表了八宝山斑岩矿床中形成黄铁矿的岩浆流体可能经历了先氧化后还原的环境(As3+指示氧化环境， As1–指示还原环境)，说明八宝山矿区具有斑岩铜矿的成矿潜力。
The Babaoshan iron and copper polymetallic deposit, which is located in Lushi county Henan province, is unique for its iron-predominated ore mineralization among all the Mesozoic porphyry metallogenic systems in the southern margin of the North China Craton. Pyrite is ubiquitous in the southern and western parts of the deposit. Their EMPA analyses indicated the contents of S and Fe are more than 90% in total, the contents of Cu and As of the pyrites vary considerably even within the same grain. The abrupt change suggests mixing of ore-forming fluid and upward magmatic vapors from the same magmatic-hydrothermal system is the major force to induce pyrite deposition. That As exist in two valence states, As3+ and As1–, revealed that the Babaoshan pyrite-forming fluid was oxidative originally and changed to be reductive subsequently. The oxygen fugacity fluctuation is a positive factor to the formation of the Babaoshan porphyry copper deposit.

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搭建小型增压富氧燃烧鼓泡床试验台,以试验结果为基础结合偏最小二乘法对增压富氧燃煤NO生成特性进行了研究和分析.试验结果表明,压力对NO排放规律的影响与反应气氛中的氧体积分数有关.在增压空气燃烧时,随着系统总压的升高,燃烧过程中NO的生成量有明显降低,但在增压富氧燃烧时,系统总压升高后,燃煤NO生成量反而逐渐增加.分析显示,在加压燃烧过程中,挥发分燃烧速率增加对煤粉热解的促进作用与CO和焦炭对NO的还原作用共同决定了燃煤NO的生成特性.在低氧气体积分数时,系统总压升高后CO和焦炭对NO的还原作用强于燃料氮的氧化作用,导致燃料氮的NO转化率逐渐下降,但是在高氧体积分数时,系统总压升高后,快速燃烧的挥发分使得挥发分氮的释放和转化强于CO和焦炭的还原作用,导致燃料氮的NO转化率逐渐增加.
Based on experimental results obtained on a pressurized oxy-fuel bubbling fluidized bed,the emission characteristics of NO during pressurized oxy-fuel combustion were investigated with partial least square method. The results show that the effect of pressure on the NO emission characteristics depends on the oxygen volume fractionin the atmosphere. During pressurized air combustion,the NO formation decreases dramatically with the rise in system pressure. But during pressurized oxy-fuel combustion,the NO formation increases with the rise in system pressure. Further analysis indicates that during pressurized combustion,both of the promotion effect of the rise in volatile burning rate on coal pyrolysis and the NO reduction through CO and char determine NO emission characteristics. At lower oxygen volume fraction,the NO reduction through CO and char is stronger than the oxidation of fuel nitrogen with the increase of system pressure,which leads to the decrease of NO conversion rat

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稻田生态系统是一个由土壤-水稻构成的人工生态系统,该系统中的镉(Cd)由于受土壤淹水、频繁农业活动及被水稻富集等影响,在土壤-水稻系统中具有很强的迁移转化特性,对人体健康具有高度危害性。围绕稻田系统中Cd的主要来源、生物和地球化学特性、Cd在稻田系统中的迁移转化特性及其影响因素(如土壤pH、稻田氧化-还原反应、土壤有机质、土壤质地及共存离子等)和稻田Cd污染综合防治措施等进行论述,并从源头控制、过程阻断及末端治理工程管理等层次对稻田Cd污染的综合防治研究进行了展望,以期为我国水稻Cd污染防治提供参考。
Cadmium(Cd)pollution in rice ecosystem has caused extensive public concerns over human health. This paper provides an overview of the recent studies on Cd sources, biogeochemical processes regulating Cd bioavailability to organisms, and Cd transfer and trans-formation and their major influencing factors(i.e. soil pH, oxidation-reduction reaction, organic matter content, soil texture and coexisting ions etc)in rice ecosystem worldwide. The risk management of Cd in rice ecosystem, including toxicity thresholds of cadmium-containing pollutant inputs, ways to block Cd transfer in rice food train and remediation of polluted paddy fields etc, was also discussed. This would pro-vide fundamental information for preventing soil cadmium pollution and protecting human health.

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大河影响下的陆架边缘海(RiOMars)是陆源有机碳的主要沉积汇,是陆海相互作用最重要的区域,在全球碳的生物地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用。受到RiOMars系统内频繁的物理和生物等改造作用的影响,该区沉积的有机碳并没有得到很好地保存而被永久埋藏,而是发生了显著的再矿化分解。本文首先对目前常用的基于O2消耗速率和CO2产生速率的两类测定RiOMars系统沉积有机碳再矿化速率的方法进行了介绍,分析了各自的优缺点和适用性,进而从碳的形态转化、表层沉积物混合均匀、形成次氧化的氧化还原条件、有机碳保存效率低、发生反风化作用和微生物发挥着重要作用等几个方面对RiOMars系统沉积物发生再矿化作用时的主要过程和特征进行了剖析,以期深入认识边缘海的再矿化作用及其对边缘海碳汇的影响。
River dominated ocean margins (RiOMars) are the major depocenter of terrestrial organic carbon and are recognized as the most important zone for land-sea interactions ,and play a very important role in global biogeo-chemical cycle of carbon .Effective remineralization of sedimentary organic carbon (SOC) occurs in these systems instead of efficient preservation and burial due to frequent physical and/or biological reworking of sediments in up-per layer .In this paper ,we introduced two kinds of commonly used methods for the determination of remineraliza-tion rate of SOC based on the consumption of O 2 and production of CO2 ,respectively .Advantages ,disadvantages and applicability of these methods were analyzed .In order to obtain a better understanding of the remineralization of SOC and its impact on carbon sink in continental margins ,major processes and characteristics of the remineral-ization of SOC in RiOMars were summarized into several aspects including transformation of carbon f

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