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双语推荐：混合青贮

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紫花苜蓿单独青贮品质不佳，混合青贮能够提高原料糖分含量，增加乳酸菌数量或抑制不良发酵，进而提高青贮发酵品质和养分含量。阐述了紫花苜蓿与禾本科牧草、谷物秸秆等进行混合青贮的研究现状，对乳酸菌、绿汁发酵液、纤维素酶、甲酸、蔗糖等添加剂在苜蓿青贮中的应用效果进行了概述，并探讨了抑制苜蓿青贮蛋白质降解的新技术手段，为调制优质苜蓿青贮饲料提供参考。
The quality of Medicago sativa silage alone was poor,but mixed silage could improve sugar content of raw material and increase the amount of lactic acid bacteria,and furthermore improve the fermentation quality and nutrients content.This paper described the research status of mixed silage of Medicago sativa and gramineous forage or corn straw,and summarized the application effects of silage additives of lactic acid bacteria,previously fermented j uices,cellulytic enzymes,formic acid and sucrose,etc.At last,new technology of inhibiting protein degradation of alfalfa silage was explored,so as to provide reference to modulation quality of alfalfa silage.

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为改善苜蓿的发酵品质,软化初花期骆驼刺的刺状花梗,确定二者的适宜混贮比例。采用初花期骆驼刺、紫花苜蓿及其二者不同比例混合料为青贮原料,共5个处理,青贮90 d后,通过分析青贮前、后的化学成分、乳酸菌和酵母菌数量变化;鉴定青贮饲料感官品质和发酵品质,研究骆驼刺与苜蓿混合青贮对青贮品质的影响。结果表明,2种豆科牧草混合后,干物质、可溶性碳水化合物含量、乳酸菌数量和酵母菌数量较苜蓿显著提高(P0.05);青贮90 d后的所有青贮饲料,乳酸菌数量明显上升,酵母菌数量明显下降;混贮饲料的pH值、氨态氮/总氮、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和甲醇、乙醇、丙醇含量显著低于苜蓿青贮(P0.05或P0.01),乳酸含量显著高于苜蓿青贮(P0.01);混贮饲料的乙酸、丙酸含量显著高于骆驼刺(P0.01),混贮饲料有氧稳定性好,感官品质优良。骆驼刺占混贮料的30%及以上时,均能改善苜蓿青贮品质。研究结果为骆驼刺资源开发利用,寻找无添加剂高水分苜蓿青贮方法提供理论依据。
The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of mixed silage of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap in initial bloom stage and alfalfa on silage quality, investigate a way of the silage of juicy alfalfa without additive, and provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of A. sparsifolia Shap. 100%of alfalfa (Ⅰ, as a control group) , 100%of A. sparsifolia Shap in initial bloom stage (Ⅱ) , or mixtures of their different percentages (Ⅲ:30%of A. sparsifolia Shap+70%of alfalfa,Ⅳ:50%of A. sparsifolia Shap+50%of alfalfa, Ⅴ:70%of A. sparsifolia Shap+30%of alfalfa) were used in this experiment and each treatment had three replicates. After 90 d of ensiling, silages were sampled, and sensory quality and fermented products (pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric, methanol, ethanol, propanol and ammonia nitrogen) were evaluated. Chemical components (dry matter, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrate, neutral dete

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本研究旨在将多花黑麦草与大豆秸秆以不同比例混合青贮,评价其发酵品质,筛选出适宜的混合比例。试验设多花黑麦草与大豆秸秆的混合比例为10∶0（对照组）、9∶1（S1）、8∶2（S2）、7∶3（S3）和6∶4（S4）5个处理。青贮42d后打开青贮桶,测定青贮饲料的发酵品质。结果表明,多花黑麦草与大豆秸秆混合青贮显著提高了干物质含量,降低了挥发性脂肪酸含量和氨态氮/总氮的值,其中S2和S3处理的丁酸和氨态氮/总氮值最低。V-Score评分显示各混贮组的V-Score得分均高于对照组,其中S2和S3处理的发酵品质为优等,而对照组的发酵品质为不良。从发酵品质和秸秆利用最大化的角度出发,建议将多花黑麦草和大豆秸秆以7∶3的比例混合青贮较为适宜。
The mixed fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum )and soybean (Glycine max)straw was studied through the following proportions of 10∶0 (Control),9∶1 (S1 ),8∶2 (S2 ),7∶3 (S3 )and 6∶4 (S4 ).The silos for each mixture were opened on 42 d after ensiling and the fermentation quality was measured.The results showed that the dry matter content was increased significantly,but the NH3-N to total nitrogen (TN)ratio and the content of volatile fatty acids were significantly decreased by adding soybean straw.The butyric acid content and NH3-N to TN ratio were decreased markedly in the treatment of S2 and S3 . The V-Scores were higher as compared with the control,S2 and S3 treatment indicated good fermentation quali-ty.It was suggested that the 7∶3 mixed proportions of Italian ryegrass and soybean straw was best for impro-ving fermentation quality and maximum using soybean straw.

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为了研究沙蒿与玉米秸秆混合比例和添加乳酸菌制剂对混合青贮饲料品质的影响,试验设置5个沙蒿与玉米秸秆的混合比例(100%沙蒿、75%沙蒿+25%玉米秸秆、50%沙蒿+50%玉米秸秆、25%沙蒿+75%玉米秸秆和100%玉米秸秆,鲜重),每个混合比例的青贮饲料分别添加0、1、3和5 g/t(鲜重)乳酸菌制剂,共计20个处理。使用聚乙烯袋真空包装,室温贮藏60 d后开启取样分析。结果表明:与沙蒿直接青贮相比,沙蒿和玉米秸秆混合青贮饲料的pH显著降低(P0.05),乳酸和粗蛋白质含量显著提高(P0.05),干物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的体外消化率显著提高(P0.05);100%沙蒿和75%沙蒿+25%玉米秸秆的青贮饲料中添加乳酸菌制剂可显著降低pH(P0.05),对有机酸含量、氨态氮占总氮量和各营养成分及其体外消化率没有显著性影响(P0.05);玉米秸秆和乳酸菌对青贮饲料的pH、氨态氮占总氮量、粗蛋白质含量、粗脂肪含量和酸性洗涤纤维体外消化率的交互作用显著(P0.05)。综上,沙蒿调制青贮饲料可改善适口性和提高饲料价值;沙蒿与玉米秸秆混合青贮可改善青贮饲料的发酵品质,提高营养价值和体外消化率;按照100%沙蒿和75%沙蒿+25%玉米秸秆青贮时,添加乳酸菌制剂可改善青贮饲料的pH和提高乳酸含量。
In order to study the effects of the mixing ratio of Artemisia desterorum Spreng and corn straw, and the adding lactic acid bacteria on the quality of the mixed silages, this experiment was set 5 mixing ratios of Ar-temisia desterorum Spreng and corn straw ( 100%Artemisia desterorum Spreng, 75%Artemisia desterorum Spreng+25%corn straw, 50% Artemisia desterorum Spreng+50% corn straw, 25% Artemisia desterorum Spreng+75%corn straw and 100%corn straw, fresh weight) , and each mixed silages supplied with 0, 1, 3 and 5 g/t lactic acid bacteria ( fresh weight) .There were 20 treatments.The silages were packaged by vacuum packager in polyethylene bags, stored at room temperature for 60 days, and then to open the bags and analyze. The results showed as follows: compared with Artemisia desterorum Spreng silage only, Artemisia desterorum Spreng mixing with corn straw made the pH significantly reduced (P 0.05) .There was significant interaction between corn straw and lactic acid bacterial in pH, a

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本试验旨在研究菜用大豆荚壳混合青贮饲料对奶牛产奶量、乳品质和血液生化指标的影响。试验选取12头体况、产奶量、泌乳天数相近的奶牛,随机分为3组。对照组奶牛按牛场原有日粮和饲喂方式饲喂;试验Ⅰ组用6kg豆荚混合青贮饲料替代1.5kg苜蓿干草,试验Ⅱ组用9kg豆荚混合青贮饲料替代2.5kg苜蓿干草,其他均不作变动。结果表明:混合豆荚青贮饲料代替部分苜蓿干草对奶牛产奶量无显著影响,对乳蛋白、乳脂率、乳糖、非脂固形物和血液生化指标无显著影响。以产1kg标准乳计,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组可分别节约饲料成本0.08元和0.14元,可见利用混合豆荚青贮饲料替代部分苜蓿干草饲喂奶牛经济、可行。
The objective of this study was to investigate silage vegetable soybean pod on milk yield, milk composition and blood biochemical index of lactation dairy cows. Twelve Holstein cows were divided into three groups by random block design. Control group cows were fed the original diet and feeding of the cattle farms. Cows were fed with diets content 6kg and 9kg silage vegetable soybean substitute of 1.5kg and 2.5kg alfalfa for group 1 and group2. The results showed that milk yield, milk composition and blood biochemical index were not significant. Compared to that control group, the cost for 0.08yuan and 0.14yuan every 1 kg 4% fat corrected milk in experimental group were saved.Mixed storage with vegetable soybean pod can be seen as a good feed and can alternative alfalfa.

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苜蓿作为一种重要的蛋白饲料资源,苜蓿青贮对我国苜蓿产业和畜牧业的健康发展具有重要意义。对苜蓿青贮发展历史与现状以及发酵促进、发酵抑制及混合青贮等研究进行了概述,提出了当前苜蓿青贮产业发展中存在的主要问题和今后的研究方向,以期为苜蓿青贮研究提供理论依据与实践参考。
As an important protein feed resources, alfalfa silage is of great significance for alfalfa industry and the healthy development of animal husbandry in China.In this paper, the research progress of development history and present situation of alfalfa silage, fermentation promotation, fermentation inhibiting and mixed silage were summarized, and the current main problems in alfalfa silage industry development and future research directions were put forward, in order to provide theoretical and practical references for the alfalfa silage research.

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为比较用不同秸秆废弃物配方青贮饲料饲养崇明白山羊的效果，将40只3～4月龄、体重约10 kg的崇明白山羊羔羊随机分成5组（每组8只）进行饲喂试验：Ⅰ组饲喂青贮山芋藤加精料，Ⅱ组饲喂青贮玉米秸加精料，Ⅲ组饲喂青贮花菜叶加精料，Ⅳ组饲喂青贮芦笋秸加精料，Ⅴ组饲喂青贮玉米秸与精料制成的全混合颗粒饲料，并检测了饲喂后7 d、14 d、21 d 和28 d 的生长发育性能。结果表明，青贮玉米秸与精料制成的全混合颗粒饲料效果最好，28 d 平均日增重达到125．18 g；其次是玉米秸秆青贮组，28 d 平均日增重达到113．17 g。该结果为农作物秸秆资源开发利用提供了理论基础。
In order to compare the effects of different silage straws on the growth performance of Chongming white goats,40 3 -4-month-old Chongming white goats weighing about 10 kg were ran-domly divided into 5 groups(8 goats each group),and Groups 1 ,2,3,4 and 5 were fed respectively on silage sweetpotato vines and concentrate,silage corn stalks and concentrate,silage broccoli leaves and concentrate,silage asparagus stalks and concentrate,and pelleted feed made with both silage corn stalks and concentrate.The goats’growth performances were measured at 7,14,21 and 28 days after feeding.The results showed that Group 5 had the best growth performance and the 28-d daily gain reached 125.18 g;Group 2 came second and the 28-d daily gain was 113.17 g.The above results pro-vided a theoretical basis for development and utilization of crop straws resources.

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试验研究了桑枝叶混合青贮饲料对滩寒杂交肉羊生产性能的影响,并探索了其在生产中的可行性。选择滩寒杂交育肥肉羊26只,分为2个组,每组13只,试验组饲喂混合青贮,对照组饲喂全株玉米青贮。试验结果表明,试验组比对照组只均日增重提高9.2%(P0.05),料肉比降低6.98%(P0.05),30 d只均日增重可提高毛利7.75元,增幅为16.32%。研究表明,桑枝叶混合青贮饲料在生产中是可行的,并且能显著提高肉用杂交育肥羊生产性能。
The effects of mixed feed of mulberry leaves and silage on the production performance of hybrid mutton sheep of Tan Sheep and Small-tailed Han Sheep were studied. And its feasibility in the production was explored. 26 hybrid mutton sheep of Tan Sheep and Small-tailed Han Sheep were divided into two groups (with 13 hybrid mutton sheep in each group) . The hybrid mutton sheep in test group was fed with mixed silage. And the hybrid mutton sheep in control group was fed with whole plant corn silage. The results showed that the average daily gain of hybrid mutton sheep in test group was increased by 9.2%than that in control group (P<0.05). And the feed-meat ratio in test group was decreased by 6.98%(P<0.05). The average weight gain during 30 days increased 7.75 yuan gross profit, and the amplitude was 16.32%. The research indicated that it was feasible to mix mulberry leaves with silage in the production and it could significantly enhance the production performance of hybrid fattening mutto

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为探究不同添加剂对青稞秸秆与多年生黑麦草（4∶6）混合青贮发酵品质的影响,试验设对照组（C）、乳酸菌制剂组（LAB）、糖蜜组（M）、乳酸菌制剂＋糖蜜组（LAB＋M）4个处理,青贮后第7,24和45天打开,测定青贮发酵品质。结果表明,添加乳酸菌制剂加速了青贮早期乳酸发酵进程,但由于底物不足,青贮后期丁酸含量和氨态氮/总氮值有所升高;添加糖蜜补充了发酵底物,促进了乳酸发酵,显著（P〈0.05）提高了乳酸含量,降低了pH值（P〈0.05）,从而有效地抑制了有害微生物的活性,减少了丙酸和丁酸的生成。乳酸菌制剂＋糖蜜组与单独添加乳酸菌制剂组相比显著提高了青贮发酵品质,但与单独添加糖蜜组相比差异不显著,表明发酵底物不足是限制青稞秸秆与多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质的主要因素。
To evaluate the effect of adding an inoculant (LAB)or/and molasses (M)on the fermentation quality of mixed silage of hull-lessbarley straw and perennial ryegrass during ensiling,an experiment was designed with the following treatments:control,LAB,molasses and LAB+molasses.Six silos per treatment were opened 7 ,24 and 45 days after ensiling and the fermentation quality was measured.Adding LAB accelerated the onset of lactic acid fermentation;however,there were increases in butyric acid and ammonia/total N during the latter stage of ensiling due to the lack of fermentable substrate.The addition of molasses supplied the fer-mentative substrates,which improved the fermentation quality and significantly (P<0.05)increased the lactic acid content,significantly (P<0.05)reduced pH and decreased propionic and butyric acid contents.Combina-tion addition of LAB and molasses significantly improved the fermentation quality of mixed silage compared with LAB addition alone,but there were no significan

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本试验旨在确定结实期骆驼刺与紫花苜蓿混贮能否获得优良的青贮品质及其适宜混贮比例。采用单一苜蓿、单一骆驼刺及其二者不同重量百分比混合料(30%骆驼刺+70%苜蓿、50%骆驼刺+50%苜蓿、70%骆驼刺+30%苜蓿)为青贮原料，共5个处理，每个处理3个重复。通过分析青贮前、后的化学成分，鉴定青贮饲料感官品质和发酵品质。结果表明：2种牧草混合后，与单一苜蓿相比，显著或极显著提高了青贮原料的干物质、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维和可溶性碳水化合物含量( P<0.05或P<0.01)；青贮90 d后，混贮料的乙酸含量显著高于单一骆驼刺青贮( P<0.05)，单一骆驼刺青贮中未检测出丙酸含量；混贮料的氨态氮/总氮、pH、乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、异丁酸、异戊酸、甲醇含量显著或极显著低于单一苜蓿青贮( P<0.05或P<0.01)，其乳酸含量和乳酸/乙酸显著或极显著高于单一苜蓿青贮( P<0.05或P<0.01)。因此，混贮达到了既能改善苜蓿的发酵品质，又能软化骆驼刺的刺状花梗的目的，感官品质优良；骆驼刺占混贮料的30%时，可改善苜蓿青贮品质。
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the first fruit appearing Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (A. sparsifolia Shap.) and alfalfa mix-ensiling on silage quality and appropriate proportion. The 100%alfalfa, 100% first flower appearing A. sparsifolia Shap., and mixtures of their different weight percentages ( 30% A. sparsifolia Shap.+70% alfalfa, 50% A. sparsifolia Shap.+50% alfalfa, 70% A. sparsifolia Shap.+30% alfalfa) were used in this experiment and each processing repeated three times. After 90 d of ensiling, ac-cording by the chemical composition detected both for fresh forages and silages, the sensory quality and silage quality were evaluated. The results showed that the contents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber, neutral deter-gent fiber and water soluble carbohydrates in mixed fresh forages were significantly higher than those in single alfalfa ( P<0.05 or P<0.01);acetic acid content was significantly higher in mixed silage than that in single A. spars

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