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双语推荐：溶解度

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采用饱和溶液-溶剂蒸发法在5、20、40和60℃条件下测试了平均粒度为80μm、5μm、500nm和100nm的HMX在不同溶剂中的溶解度。结合相似相溶原理和分子热运动分析了溶解度变化原因。结果表明,HMX在去离子水中基本不溶,在低级醇中的溶解度大于高级醇中的溶解度,在乙酸乙酯中的溶解度较大,随着温度升高,相同粒度HMX的溶解度增大;在同一温度下,随着粒度的减小,HMX溶解度增大。
The solubilities of HMX with particle size of 80μm,5μm,500nm,100nm at different temperatures (5℃, 20℃,40℃,60℃)in different solvents were measured by evaporating the solvent in saturated solution.The reason of the solubility difference was discussed by similar dissolving principle and the thermal motion of molecules.The results show that the solubility of HMX in deionized water is almost zero,however it is larger in ethanol than that in trihydric and tetrahydric alcohol.With the increase of temperature,the solubility of HMX with the same particle size increases.Under the same temperature the solubility increases with the decrease of the particle size.

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在20～70℃之间，用浊点法测定了磷酸三丁酯在水、盐酸和硫酸溶液体系中的溶解度．水在 TBP －煤油有机相中的溶解度 D（H2 O）是 TBP 在水中溶解度δ的60倍；随着温度升高纯 TBP和煤油稀释的 TBP 在水相中的溶解度δ都增加，符合 Apelblat 溶解度模型，即纯 TBP 在水中的溶解度与温度的关系：lg δ＝3．5094－1328．31T；用煤油稀释 TBP 可以降低 TBP 在水相中的溶解度δ；随着盐酸和硫酸的浓度的增加，纯 TBP 在酸液中的溶解度也增加，盐酸的影响更显著．
The solubility of tributyl phosphate in acid solution,hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid,is measured by means of the turbidity titration method at the temperature 20 ~70 ℃.The solubility of water in the TBP -ker-osene organic phase is 60 times of that of the TBP in water.The solubility of pure TBP and kerosene dilution TBP increases in the aqueous phase with the increase of the temperature.The experimental data are correlated with Apelblat equation,the relationship of the solubility of pure TBP and temperature in water shows lg δ=3.509 4 -1 328.3 1T.Dilution of TBP with kerosene can reduce the solubility of TBP in the aqueous phase.The solubility of pure TBP in acid medium increases with the growing concentration of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.The influence of hydrochloric acid is more significant than sulfuric acid.

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查明煤中矿物质在不同温度和CO2分压条件下溶解度变化规律,能为注入CO2过程中煤储层渗透率分析提供重要依据。借助水文地球化学模拟软件PHREEQC对在不同温度和CO2分压条件下煤中各矿物的溶解度进行了水化学模拟,得出不同温度和CO2分压条件下矿物质溶解度的变化规律。结果表明：在无CO2分压时,随着温度的升高各矿物的溶解度增加;当溶液中CO2分压增加到一定程度时,随着温度的升高各矿物的溶解度降低（石英除外）;在温度相同时,随着CO2分压的增加,所有矿物（石英除外）溶解度均增加,方解石的溶解度随着CO2分压的升高呈现出迅速增加的趋势,其他矿物随着CO2分压的升高,溶解度增加的速率较为缓慢。
Identification of the variation regularities of solubility of coal minerals under different temperature and CO2 partial pressure can provide an important basis for the analysis of coal reservoir permeability during CO2 in-jection. With the hydrogeochemistry software-PHREEQC, hydrochemical simulation was conducted for the solu-bility of coal minerals under the different temperature and CO2 partial pressure conditions, the variation of coal mineral solubility under different temperature and CO2 partial pressure was obtained. The results showed that when there was no CO2 partial pressure, the solubility of the minerals increased with the rise of temperature, when CO2 partial pressure of the solution increased to certain extent, the solubility of the minerals except for quartz decreased with the rise of temperature, at the same temperature and with the increase of CO2 partial pressure, the solubility of all minerals except for quartz increased, the solubility of calcite showed rapid increa

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为了研究低溶解度酚醛树脂在水中的分散特性及分散稳定性,测定了低溶解度酚醛树脂分子聚集体的流体力学直径、Zeta电位及体系的浊度。结果表明:在去离子水中,低溶解度酚醛树脂以分子或聚集度较小的分子聚集体存在,Zeta电位较高,体系浊度较小,体系稳定;加入NaCl时,低溶解度酚醛树脂形成较大的分子聚集体,Zeta电位降低,体系浊度增大,稳定性变差;加入HCl时,低溶解度酚醛树脂分子或聚集体负电荷密度减少,Zeta电位降低,体系稳定性下降;加入NaOH时,低溶解度酚醛树脂分子或聚集体负电荷增加,分子间的静电斥力增强,体系的稳定性增加。
The hydrodynamic diameter and Zeta potential of low-solubility phenol-formaldehyde resin (LPFR) molecule aggregates and the turbidity of LPFR dispersion were measured to study the dispersion property and stability of LPFR in water. The results show that LPFR molecules are in the form of mono-molecules or small molecule aggregates in deionized water. The Zeta potential of mono-molecules or small molecule aggregates is high and the turbidity of the LPFR dispersion is low. The LPFR dispersion is stable. When adding NaCl to the LPFR dispersion, large molecule aggregates of LPFR molecules with low Zeta potential are formed. The turbidity of the LPFR dispersion increases and the stability of the LPFR dispersion decreases. When adding HCl to the LPFR dispersion, the negative charge density and the Zeta potential of LPFR molecules or aggregates are decreased, and the stability of the LPFR dispersion is reduced. When adding NaOH to the LPFR dispersion, the negative charge density of LPFR molecu

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丁二酸在发酵液中是以解离状态存在,在酸化结晶过程中形成高浓度的无机盐,会对丁二酸的溶解度产生作用,进而影响丁二酸的结晶收率。研究考察了高浓度钠盐体系中pH与温度对丁二酸溶解度的影响,结果表明:由于氯化钠争夺自由水分子,丁二酸的饱和溶解度随氯化钠浓度的增加而显著降低。在此基础上,分别测定了丁二酸在不同pH下的饱和溶解度,在277.2~333.2 K,丁二酸的饱和溶解度均随体系pH的降低而迅速下降,表明丁二酸解离状态及氯化钠的积累对丁二酸溶解度具有显著影响。同时采用Yaws模型对实验数据进行了关联,以温度和pH为变量,获得了相应的溶解度方程,其平均相对误差均小于3.0%,表明Yaws模型拟合得到的溶解度方程与实验值具有很好的相关性,可用于计算高浓度钠盐体系中丁二酸的溶解度数据。
Succinic acid is dissociated in fermentation broth, and inorganic salts with high concentration are formed in acidifying crystallization process, which could affect the succinic acid solubility and have influence over crystallization yield finally. The effects of pH and temperature on succinic acid solubility in high sodium salt solution were studied, the results show that free water molecules are attracted by sodium chloride and the saturated solubility of succinic acid decreases obviously with the increase of sodium chloride concentration in the solution. Based on above study, the saturated solubility of succinic acid at various pH were determined, the saturated solubility decreases with the decrease of pH at 277.2~333.2 K, which indicates that the dissociated state of succinic acid and accumulation of sodium chloride affect the solubility of succinic acid observably. The experiment data were also correlated with Yaws equation; using the temperature and pH as the independent variable

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为了研究温度对地下水溶液侵蚀长石的影响,应用地下水化学模拟软件Phreeqc对在不同CO2分压下,钙长石、钾长石、钠长石同时存在于溶液中和分别存在于溶液中的溶解度和温度的关系进行了水化学模拟。模拟结果表明:在3种长石同时存在于溶液中时,钙长石、钾长石的溶解度远小于单独存在时的溶解度,并且钠长石的溶解度远大于钙长石和钾长石的溶解度,钠长石的溶解度随着温度的升高而增大,钾长石的溶解度随温度的升高而增大的速率较为缓慢,钙长石的溶解度随着温度的升高迅速下降;在3种长石分别存在于溶液中时,3种长石的溶解度均随着温度的升高而增大。在3种长石分别存在于地下水溶液中时,地下水溶液的温度及CO2的含量越高对3种长石的侵蚀能力就越强;在3种长石同时存在于地下水溶液中时,温度的升高会降低地下水溶液对钾长石、钙长石的侵蚀能力,但依然会增强对钠长石的侵蚀能力。
In order to study the effect of temperature on underground water solution erosion feldspar , the paper applied groundwater chemical simulation software phreeqc to simulate the water chemistry relation -ship between solubility and temperature under different CO 2 partial pressure at the two situations that cal-cium feldspar , potash feldspar , sodium feldspar exist in solution at the same time or respectively .The simulation results show that the three kinds of feldspar present in solution at the same time .The solubility of calcium feldspar , potassium feldspar is far less than that of individual existence .The solubility of sodi-um feldspar is far more than that of calcium feldspar and potash feldspar .The solubility of sodium feld-spar increases with the rise of temperature quickly;the solubility of three kinds of feldspar increases with the rise of temperature at the existence of three kinds of feldspar in solution respectively .At the respec-tive existence of three kinds of feldspa

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随着卤水脱硝工艺的大规模应用,卤水中的硫酸钙溶解度会发生较大变化.文章通过模拟卤水脱硝过程,测定硫酸钙在卤水中的溶解度,并讨论了其溶解度与卤水中硫酸钠、氯化钙含量以及介稳区的变化规律.
Solubility of calcium sulfate in brine will change with the large-scale application of brine denitration.Through the simulation of the process in brine denitration,solubility of calcium sulfate in brine was tested.Then variation rule about the content of sodium sulfate and calcium chloride,the width of metastable zone were discussed.

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为了优化阿维菌素催化加氢制备伊维菌素的工艺条件,对伊维菌素的溶解度进行了研究。该文采用平衡法测定了293.15~333.15 K时,伊维菌素在甲醇、乙醇以及不同比例的甲醇-水和乙醇-水混合体系中的溶解度,并对实验结果采用多项式经验方程、理想溶液模型和Apelblat方程模型进行了关联。结果表明:伊维菌素在这两种醇-水溶液体系中的溶解度均随温度的升高而增大;相同温度下,伊维菌素在甲醇-水溶剂体系中溶解度随水含量的增大而下降,而在乙醇-水溶剂体系中溶解度在85%乙醇水溶液中达到最大,在纯乙醇中溶解度反而减小。用三种方程模型计算的理论溶解度与实验值吻合良好,相关性均0.98,其中,Apelblat模型的相关性数值较大,关联结果最好。实验得到的溶解度数据和关联结果对伊维菌素结晶工艺的研究具有较大的指导意义。
In order to provide basic data of solvent selection and temperature control of purification in catalytic hydrogenation of avermectin to ivermectin process,the solubilities of ivermectin in methanol (293. 15~333. 15 K),alcohol(293. 15 ~343. 15 K),water-methanol mixture(293. 15 ~333. 15 K), and water-alcohol mixture ( 293. 15 ~ 343. 15 K ) are experimentally determined by theequilibrium method. The experimental results are correlated with mathematic models such as polynomial empirical equation,the ideal solution equation,and Apelblat equation,respectively. The results show that the solubilities of ivermectin in two alcohol-water systems increase with the temperature;the solubility of ivermectin in the methanol-water solvent system decreases with the the increase of water content at the same temperature, and in the ethanol-water solvent system, the solubility of ivermectin in 85% ethanol solution reaches a maximum. Each of the equations describes the above systems successfully,the correla

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采用基团贡献法估算了1，5-二叠氮基-3-硝基-3-氮杂戊烷（DIANP）的溶解度参数。用浊度滴定法测定了其溶解度参数。研究了DIANP在不同溶剂中的溶解性。结果表明，基团贡献法的估算值与浊度滴定法的测定值相吻合。测得DIANP的溶解度参数为22．29（J／mL）^1/2。DIANP在不同溶剂中的溶解性符合“溶解度参数相近相溶”原则。
The solubility parameter of 1,5-diazido-3-nitrazapentane ( DIANP) was estimated by group contribution method and determined by turbidity titration method.The solubility of DIANP in different solvents was studied.Results show that the estimated values are in accordance with the determined ones.The solubility parameter of DIANP is determined as 22.29 (J/mL)1/2.The solubility of DIANP in different solvents follows the"“better miscibility with similar solubility parameter”"principle.

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为了研究豆甾醇在甲苯-乙醇二元溶剂中的溶解特性;采用动态法测定豆甾醇在甲苯-乙醇二元溶剂中的溶解度,并采用Appellant模型对豆甾醇溶解度与温度的关系进行拟合。实验结果表明在实验温度范围内,当二元溶剂中的甲苯体积分数相同时,豆甾醇的溶解度随着温度的升高而增加;在温度相同时,随着甲苯-乙醇二元溶剂中的甲苯体积分数的增加,豆甾醇的溶解度呈先增加后减小的趋势。当甲苯-乙醇二元溶剂中的甲苯体积分数为0.8时,豆甾醇的溶解度最大。采用Appellant模型对豆甾醇在甲苯-乙醇二元溶剂中溶解度与温度进行拟合,标准偏差小,精度高。
To study the dissolution characteristics of stigmasterol in toluene-ethanol solvent, the dynamic method was adopted to measure the solubility of stigmasterol in toluene-ethanol solvent, and the Appellant model was used to fit the relationship between the solubility of stigmasterol and temperature. The experimental results showed that, within the range of test temperature, the solubility of stigmasterol increases with the rise of temperature when the volume fraction of toluene remains the same;the solubility of stigmasterol increases first and then decreases subsequently with the increase of the volume fraction of toluene when the temperature remains the same. When the volume fraction of toluene of the toluene-ethanol solvent was equal to 0.8, the solubility of stigmasterol reached the peak level. The Appellant model can achieve a small standard deviation and high precision for fitting the relationship between the solubility of stigmasterol and temperature.

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