非均相连续化工艺是生物柴油规模化工业生产的发展方向.多相催化剂的研制和新型工艺过程的开发一直是生物柴油领域的研究热点,也是实现生物柴油绿色、经济、高效生产的关键.分析了酯交换反应可能的反应机理,综述了国内外生物柴油非均相酸碱催化剂的最新研究进展,评述了多种固体酸碱催化剂在生物柴油的制备中优异的催化性能和存在的问题,介绍了多种新型多相生物柴油反应器及反应分离耦合工艺在生物柴油连续化制备中的应用,最后展望了生物柴油未来的发展前景,指出新型固体酸碱双功能催化剂与先进多相连续反应分离耦合工艺的开发将推动生物柴油领域不断发展.

Heterogeneous continuous process is the development direction of commercial production of biodiesel. The development of heterogeneous catalyst and new process has been the focus in the field of biodiesel,which is also the key to achieving green,economical,efficient production of biodiesel. The possible reaction mechanisms of transesterification reaction were discussed. The research status of solid acid-base catalysts was reviewed. The excellent catalytic performance and the existing problem of the solid acid-base catalysts were reported. A variety of new multiphase biodiesel reactors were introduced,especially the reaction-separation coupled technologies used in biodiesel production. At last,the future development of biodiesel was also presented. The development of new acid-base bifunctional catalyst and advanced multiphase continuous reaction-separation coupled process will promote development of biodiesel.

利用Na2CO3水溶液将蚕茧去除丝胶得到直径为5～15μm的生物纤维,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)观察了其形貌特征。通过倏逝波耦合的方法,利用SiO2微纳光锥将波长为671 nm的红光、532 nm的绿光、473 nm的蓝光分别耦合进入微米蚕丝生物光纤,分析了其导光特性,测量了光在蚕丝纤维中的传输损耗。制作了2×2、3×1、1×4、环形等光子结构。实验证明蚕丝微米生物光纤具有良好的柔韧性和表面光滑度,其中波长为532 nm的绿光在直径为9.0μm的蚕丝纤维中传输时的损耗为0.78 dB.mm-1。

By removing the sericin from the silk fibers using Na 2 CO3 solution, bio-fibers in diameters of 5~15 μm were fabricated and their morphology was observed using SEM and TEM .With the method of evanescent wave coupling , red/green/blue light at the wavelength of 671/532/473 nm was coupled into the micrometer-sized silk fiber-based optical fibers, followed by the investigation of the waveguiding prop-erties and measurement of the optical propagating loss .Various photonic devices, including 2 ×2, 3 ×1, 1 ×4 and ring structures, were fabricated using the silk fibers.Experimental results confirm that the silk fiber-based bio-optical fibers exhibit good flexibility and surface smoothness .A propagating loss of 0.78 dB? mm-1 was obtained for the green light at 532 nm guided in the silk fiber with diameter of 9.0 μm.

选用活性石炭、椰壳活性炭和杉木活性炭3种活性木炭与杨凌地区3种不同利用型土壤(农耕土、雪松林下土和桃园土)组合测定生菜种苗萌发情况。然后用筛选出的杉木活性炭与内生细菌Bacillus sp.进行耦合,并测定该耦合炭的制备条件及对小麦生长的影响。结果表明:3种类型的土壤对生菜胚根均有一定的化感抑制作用,活性木炭及活性木炭-土壤交互作用对生菜生长影响差异显著,以杉木活性炭对农耕土和老桃园土改良效果显著,胚轴/胚根净炭作用率分别为178.8%/90.9%、178.9%/106.1%,酸性的活性石炭对雪松林下土生菜胚轴的生长有轻微抑制作用,净炭作用率为-120.7%。在此基础上,筛选出优良杉木活性木炭,并与内生细菌Bacillus sp.在40℃下热耦合30 min,再在27℃恒温培养1 d,获得优良的生物耦合炭。该生物耦合炭有较强的土壤持水能力,对小麦在质量分数为1%的高盐浓度下生长有显著促进作用。1 250 g农耕土,加入3 g耦合炭处理组10 d高度生长促进率最大(37.3%,α=0.05);加入6 g耦合炭处理组20 d生物量促进率最大(18.8%,α=0.05),6 g处理组对小麦生长促进效果最好。

Seedlings growth of Chinese lettuce were dated under combination of 3 kinds of activated charcoal and 3 use patterns of soil respectively in Yangling region. An activated fir charcoal was picked up for making coupled biochar with endophytic bacteria, Bacillus sp. , and the coupled fir biochar was further tested in pot planting with winter wheat. Results showed that of three charcoals, activated coal, activated coconut carbon and activated fir charcoal, significantly affected the growth of Chinese lettuce, as well as interactions between charcoal and soil. Fir charcoal showed 178. 8%/90. 9% and 178. 9%/106. 1% net carbon rate of promotion on hypocotyl/radicle of lettuce seedlings in agriculture soil and peach orchard soil respectively. Whereas, the acid activated coal showed -120. 7% inhibition net rate to the growth of hypocotyl in the acid soil from Cedar stands. Therefore, fir charcoal was picked up for preparing an innovative biocharcoal by coupling with endophytic bacteria Bacillus

该文构建一种人工生物瓣膜模型和血液流体模型，利用罚函数法建立瓣膜与血液间的耦合，利用ANSYS软件分析心循环下人工生物瓣膜力学特性。分析结果表明．应力集中于缝合边与结合边交界处．此种瓣膜应力分布均匀。同时．瓣膜完全开启时间与实际测量数据吻合．血液流速峰值在生理范围内。该模型为提供更加真实心循环下瓣膜力学特性打下基础．为下一步优化设计人工生物瓣膜提供便利。

This paper constructs numerical models of bioprosthetic heart valve and blood. Thefluid solid interaction is carried out using penalty function method. The mechanical property of the bioprosthetic heart valve during cardiac cycle is simulated with ANSYS software. Results show that the Von Mises stress concentrates at the junction of attachment edge and coaptation edge. The open time of bioprosthetic heart valve is consistent with that of actural measurement. The peak velocity of blood is in the range of physiology. This model provides more realistic mechanical property of bioprosthetic heart valve during cardiac cycle compared to pure solid model, and facilitates design and optimization of bioprosthetic heart valve.

神经元对外界信号的反应不可能仅由某一个神经细胞发起，而是由这一系列神经元之间微妙的互相调控使得神经信息能够稳定传播，这也是人体神经系统区别于其他生物的一个重要特征。本文主要在FHN神经元模型为例建立了反映神经系统非线性特性的神经元耦合振子系统的微分方程，通过数值结果探讨了FHN神经元模型中噪音和信号的耦合协同效应，研究结果对于了解神经系统内部的信号处理有重要的指导意义。

Neurons in response to external signals can not be initiated by only one nerve cell, but by subtle regulation be-tween each neuron makes this series to stabilize neural information dissemination, which is the human nervous system dis-tinguishes one other important biological characteristics. In this paper, the FHN neuron model as an example the establish-ment of a non-linear characteristics reflecting the nervous system neurons coupled oscillator system of differential equations, numerical results are discussed by coupling synergies FHN neuron model and signal noise, the results for the understanding of the neural signal processing within the system have important significance.