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双语推荐：电荷产生层

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采用结构为LiF/Al/F4-TCNQ/NPB的电荷产生层,制备出了双发光单元叠层有机电致发光器件（OLED：Organic Light Emitting Device）。通过对比实验发现当F4-TCNQ层的厚度为8nm、Al层的厚度为5nm时,电荷产生层产生电荷的能力较强且具有良好的透光率。基于此,本文制备了发光层为CBP：6%Ir（ppy）3的叠层OLED,通过与单发光单元OLED的性能比较发现：采用LiF/Al/F4-TCNQ/NPB作为电荷产生层制备的叠层OLED的最大电流效率与功率效率分别为51.6cd/A、28.4lm/W,为单发光单元OLED的2.16倍、1.8倍,此外采用这种结构的电荷产生层有效解决了叠层OLED由于工作电压高而导致功率效率并未得到提升的问题;另一方面,采用有机材料F4-TCNQ代替传统无机金属氧化物作为电荷产生层中的电荷产生部分,能够避免无机金属氧化物高温升华对Al层薄膜的破坏,提升了器件的效率并且降低了器件的roll-off现象。
A novel type of tandem organic light emitting device (OLED)was demonstrated by emplo-ying LiF/Al/F4-TCNQ/NPB as charge generation layer (CGL).By contrast experiment,it is sugges-ted that the optimum thickness of F4-TCNQ and Al in CGL is 8 nm and 5 nm,respectively,whichexhibits the good ability of generating charges and higher optical transmittance.Based on the optimized structure of CGL,we fabricated the tandem OLED with the emission layer of CBP:6%Ir(ppy)3 .By comparing the device performance of the tandem OLED and conventional single OLED,it was found that the highest current efficiency and power efficiency were 5 1.6 cd/A and 28.4 lm/W,which was 2.1 6 times and 1.8 times as high as that of single OLED,respectively.In conclusion,the tandem OLED with the CGL of LiF/Al/F4-TCNQ/NPB can improve the power efficiency of OLED.In addi-tion,replacing conventional inorganic metal oxide with organic material of F4-TCNQ in CGL can avoid the destruction of film formation of Al layer, inducing in

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电荷产生层在叠层有机发光器件(OLED)的功能实现方面起到了至关重要的作用，深入理解其工作机理对发展高效叠层结构有机光电器件有重要意义。本文利用 X-射线和紫外光电子能谱(XPS和UPS)研究了叠层OLED中基于过渡金属氧化物(MoO3)的电荷产生层的界面电子结构及物理特性，分析了过渡金属氧化物对电荷产生层的载流子产生和注入的影响。研究发现，过渡金属氧化物能够有效地调节电荷产生层界面的能级排列，产生界面偶极层和能级弯曲的现象，极大地降低了电子和空穴分别注入到临近发光单位相应分子轨道的势垒，从而实现每一个独立发光单元内的电子-空穴复合发光。
Interfacial electronic structures of transition metal oxide (MoO3)-based charge generation layers (CGLs) used in tandem organic light-emitting diodes were studied with X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopies (XPS and UPS). The working mechanism for charge carrier generation and injection were analyzed. Using data on interface energetic determined by UPS and XPS, it is identified that the MoO3 interlays are capable of pronouncedly modifying the energy level alignment of the CGLs, leading to substantial interface dipole and energy level banding, which are beneficial to carrier generation and injection into the suitable molecular energy levels of adjoining emission units.

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随着空间技术的发展,双极型器件和线性电路被广泛应用于辐射环境。从钝化层辐射损伤机理出发,介绍辐射诱生钝化层固定电荷与界面态的产生机理与计算模型,结合基极电流模型探讨双极型器件与电路的总剂量辐射效应,并针对双极型器件的低剂量率辐射损伤机理与模型展开讨论。
With the development of space technology , bipolar devices and linear circuits are widely used in the radiation environment .Based on the degradation mechanism of passivation layers , this paper reviews the gener-ation mechanism and physical model of radiation -induced fixed charge and interface state in the passivation layer.Incorporating the base current model , total dose radiation effects of bipolar devices and circuits are dis-cussed .In the last section , the enhanced low dose rate effects of bipolar devices are reviewed and analysis .

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用多载流子模型分析玻璃的热极化过程及其内部耗尽层的形成,极化电场的作用使载流子在玻璃内的迁移及由外界的注入最终形成交替的电荷分布,形成类似两个相向p-n结的结构。针对几种典型的p-n结电荷分布形式,计算了相应内建电场及二阶非线性极化率,极化完成后产生的宏观非线性效应主要由钠离子耗尽形成的突变结电场(~3′109V/m)决定,二阶非线性极化率的数值在0.2~1.2pm/V之间,耗尽区分布在阳极表面下25mm的范围。
The thermal poling process in silica and the formation of its depletion layer is analyzed by multi-carriers’ model. An alternating charge distribution is created by the injected and the shifted carriers in the silica, which is regarded as a structure with two opposite p-n junctions. The built-in electric fields, corresponding to the assumed carrier distributions inside the junctions, are cal-culated based on the junction model and compared with the published results. The generated nonlinearity is determined mainly by the induced built-in electric field (~3′109V/m) in the abrupt junction, c(2) values are with 0.2~1.2pm/V, and the depletion region is located within 25mm beneath the anode.

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测量了动能为2.0—6.0 MeV的高电荷态离子152Eu20+入射Au表面产生的特征X射线谱,结果表明,相互作用不仅激发出了Au的Mζ, Mα和Mδ特征X射线,还激发出了Eu的Mα X射线,且X射线总产额随入射离子动能的增加而增加.计算了Au的M壳层总的X射线产生截面,并与理论模型的计算结果做了比较分析.
@@@@The characteristic X-ray spectra produced by the impact of highly charged ions of 152Eu20+with energies from 2.0 to 6.0 MeV on Au surface are measured. It is found that highly charged ions could excite both the characteristic X-ray spectra of Mζ, Mαand Mδof Au and the characteristic X-ray spectra of Mα of Eu. The total X-ray yield increases with the ion kinetic energy increasing. The total pro-duction cross section of Au induced by Eu20+is measured and compared with those obtained from the binary encounter approximation, plane-wave-Born approximation, and the energy-loss Coulomb deflection perturbed stationary state relativistic theoretical models.

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将电声效应用于测定胶粒性质是一项新的研究,电声效应包括两种效应,即CVP和ESA效应.本文综述了这两种效应的产生机理及相互关系,并指出对于具有薄双电层的胶粒而言,通过测量ESA声波信号可以推导胶粒动力淌度,从而确定胶粒的大小和电荷.最后指出电声效应在测定胶粒性质方面有广阔的应用前景.
Determination of particle properties from electroacoustic effects is a new technique. The two effects of measurements that are possible, They are colloid vibration potential(CVP) and electrokinetic sonic amplitude(ESA). The physical mechanisms that give rise to these effects and their reciprocal relation were summarized. For spherical particles with thin double layers, their dynamic mobility from which the size and charge of particles determined can be formulated from the ESA signal. Electroacoustical method is a powerful tool for studying the electric properties of interfaces and colloidal stability.

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用345 keV的Kr15+和340 keV的Kr17+离子以45fi角入射n型GaAs单晶(100)面,测量了表面形貌的变化和发射的375—500 nm Ga I和Kr II的特征光谱线.Krq+(q=15,17)离子轰击后表面形貌的变化主要取决于入射离子的电荷态q.离子沉积到靶表面的能量引起Ga原子激发,其辐射光谱为Ga I 403.2 nm和Ga I 417.0 nm.入射离子中性化过程中俘获GaAs导带电子形成高激发态原子,通过级联退激填充3p,4d等空穴,P壳层电子跃迁发射谱线为Kr II 410.0 nm,Kr II 430.4 nm,Kr II 434.0 nm和Kr II 486.0 nm,Kr II486.0 nm为较强谱线.实验结果表明,入射离子与GaAs单晶相互作用发射的可见光产额与入射离子的电荷态密切相关,较高电荷态Kr17+离子入射产生的光辐射产额大约为Kr15+离子的两倍.
We have investigated surface morphology and visible light emission from slow ions Kr15+,17+ colliding with GaAs (100). The surface disorder of GaAs films mainly depends on the charge state of incident ions. The two spectral lines of target atom Ga belong to transitions of Ga I 4p 2Po1/2-5s 2S1/2 at 403.2 nm and 4p 2Po3/2-5s 2S1/2 at 417.0 nm. Light emissions of target species depend on the energy of the incident ions deposited on the target surface atoms. During the neutralization process, the four spectral lines of Kr+ respectively can be attributed to the transitions of Kr II 4d 4F7/2-5p 2Do5/2 at 410.0 nm, 5s 2P3/2-5p 4So3/2 at 430.4 nm, 5p 4Do3/2-4d 2D3/2 at 434.0 nm and Kr II 4d 4D1/2-5p 2So1/2 at 486.0 nm. They are induced by cascade de-excitation after many electrons of the conductions band of the solid surface captured in highly excited states of the incident ion. Intensities of these six spectral lines from incident ions Kr17+ are obviously larger than Kr15+′s.

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采用量子化学密度泛函理论（DFT）结合有限场（FF）的方法计算了Schiff碱单、双核配合物分子及其配体的一阶超极化率张量,分析了配位中心金属产生的二阶NLO响应。由于双核配合物分子中两金属离子的电子分布的多寡影响了配合物分子内的电荷转移过程,当金属离子上的电子分布有助于分子内电核转移时,将增强双核配合物分子的二阶NLO响应。反之,则不利于分子产生二阶NLO响应。计算结果表明,具有开壳层电子组态的配合物分子产生了良好的二阶NLO响应,这为开发同时具有磁性质和二阶NLO性质的多功能分子基材料提供了可能。
The first hyperpolarizability of a series of binuclear Schiff-base M(II)(M = Co,Cu,Zn) complexes has been calculated by using density functional theory (DFT)combined with finite field (FF)method.The results show that second-order NLO properties of these metal complexes are close-ly associated with the substitution of the center metal.The calculated first hyperpolarizability is affect-ed by the charge distribution of the center metal.The complexes with the open-shell configuration have a good second-order NLO properties.This result supported that this kind of metal complexes have a good prospects acting as difunctional molecular materials.

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有机-无机杂化太阳电池综合了有机、无机材料的优点,成本低、理论效率高,受到人们的广泛关注.杂化太阳电池的光活性层由无机半导体和有机共轭聚合物复合而成.当光照射到活性层上时,共轭聚合物吸收光子产生激子(电子-空穴对);激子迁移到有机给体-无机受体的异质结界面处发生解离而产生自由电子和空穴;自由电子和空穴分别向无机半导体和有机聚合物传输,从而实现电荷的分离和传导.激子在有机-无机异质结界面处的分离效率是影响电池性能的一个重要因素.有机、无机两相材料往往因为接触面积小以及相容性差使此两相材料接触不佳,激子迁移到此界面不能有效分离,从而严重影响了杂化太阳电池的效率.这个问题可以通过此界面的修饰加以改善.本文即综述了有机-无机异质结界面修饰的方法、作用和意义,并展望了杂化太阳电池未来的发展趋势和应用前景.
Much attention has been focused on hybrid solar cells because of their low cost and high theoretical efficiencies. The photoactive layer of hybrid solar cells is composed of inorganic semiconductor and organic conjugated polymer. Excitons (electron-hole pairs) are formed upon the absorption of photons by the polymer. The excitons diffuse to the heterojunction interface between the organic donor and inorganic acceptor, and then dissociate to free electrons and holes. These electrons and holes then transfer to the inorganic and organic materials to realize charge separation and transportation. The exciton dissociation efficiency at the organic-inorganic heterojunction interface influences the photovoltaic performance of the cell. A smal contact area and poor chemical compatibility between the organic and inorganic materials decrease the exciton dissociation efficiency, and thus the overal cellefficiency. This can be overcome by modifying the heterojunction interface. This paper reviews a

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大气离子是由许多自然和人为的原因产生,并且它们的浓度在不同环境场所下差别很大。选取我国南部沿海某省份作为研究区域,挑选近10处具有代表性的环境场所进行实测研究,收集了空气正、负离子浓度、风速、空气温度、相对湿度、材料和植物负离子浓度等数据。实测数据表明：地面上的空气负离子浓度随着地理环境因素（瀑布、海边、峡谷、乡村田野、郊区旷野、县城等）不同差别很大,其中瀑布〉海边〉峡谷〉溪流〉县城;同时空气负离子浓度与风速、水、植物、相对湿度等有较为密切的关系。通过对实测数据进行分析得出以下结论,1）空气的摩擦可以有效显著地增加空气中负离子的浓度,两者呈现出一定的正相关关系。2）水体在撞击和喷射过程能加快正负电荷的分离,水速流动地越快,相应摩擦产生的电离能越大,周边环境的空气负离子浓度就越高;同时随着距离的衰减,环境中的空气负离子浓度也在不断地降低。3）空气负离子浓度与植物群落的种类结构和配置相关,其中高处复层结构植物〉低处复层结构植物〉低处单层结构植物。4）相对湿度与空气负离子具有良好的相关性。5）温度与空气负离子的关系有待进一步明确。6）适宜的温度、湿度以及风速能使人感到舒服,有益于人体的健康。7）自然生态
Atmospheric ions are produced by many natural and anthropogenic sources and their concentrations vary widely between different environments. In this study, we conducted a week’s testing in a southern coastal province, China, where we chose 10 different typical sites to measure and research. The measurements included NAI concentration, PAI concentration, wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity and NAI concentration in materials and plants. The results showed that NAI concentration had a closer relation with wind speed, water, plants and air humidity than other factors, the most important factor was the water, followed by wind, and the minimal was air temperature. Based on the analysis of measured data to come to the conclusions: 1) The air friction can effectively and significantly increase the NAI concentration, and the two show a positive correlation. 2) The separation of positive and negative charges can be accelerated by the water in the impact and the injection process. The

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