预防接种传统上是针对传染病综合性预防的重要措施之一，通过接种疫苗使接种对象获得对疫苗所针对传染病的免疫力，是传染病免疫预防的具体实施，是控制乃至消灭疫苗可预防传染病的有效手段。而通过对其进行那健康教育的模式，使家长了解预防接种常识，大大提高预防接种率，从而很好的降低医患纠纷问题。

The vaccination is traditional y one of the important measures for infectious disease prevention and comprehensive, through vaccination vaccination object to obtain the vaccine against infectious disease is infectious immunity, specific implementation of immunization, is an ef ective means to control and eliminate the vaccine preventable infectious diseases. Through the health education model for its, make parents understand the vaccination knowledge, greatly improve the vaccination rate, reduce medical disputes and thus a very good.

近年来,疫苗损害公共卫生事件频发,疫苗预防接种损害责任的承担与受害者救济问题受到社会关注。由于疫苗预防接种是预防传染病的重要措施,既有维护个人健康的一面,还有维护国民整体健康的一面;不同的疫苗预防接种所涉及的法律关系性质不同,其法律责任也各不相同,由此带来疫苗损害责任案由选择、适用法律及救济路径的多样性。本文深入分析我国疫苗预防接种损害责任的法律关系类型,厘清不同性质的法律关系,以促进系统化的疫苗损害责任分担和受害者救济体系的完善。

In recent years, vaccine damage public health events happened frequently, thus the bearing of vaccination damage liability and the issues of victim relief received a wide publicity. As a crucial measure for preventing infectious diseases, the vaccination has safeguarded individual health as well as the health of whole nation. Various vaccinations involves different legal relationships and liabilities, which leads to the diversity of case selection, law application and relief ways. The article aims to analyze the types of legal relationships of the vaccination damage liability in our country and to clarify different legal relationships so as to improve the system-atic liability allocation of vaccination damage and the victim relief system.

目的 了解青白江区入托、入学儿童预防接种证查验工作开展情况及补种情况,分析评估工作中存在的问题.方法 按照《成都市2011年入托入学预防接种证查验及疫苗补种工作实施方案》要求,对全区2011年入托入学儿童实施预防接种证查验及疫苗补种,并分析评价工作结果.结果 接种证查验的机构覆盖率为100％,其儿童查验率为100％,持证率为97.13％,补证率为100％.疫苗补种率为96.67％.疫苗漏/缺种程度从高到低依次为A+C群流脑疫苗、脊灰疫苗、乙脑疫苗、白破疫苗、甲肝疫苗、麻腮风疫苗、麻疹(麻风)疫苗、百白破疫苗、乙肝疫苗、A群流脑疫苗.结论 青白江区2011年入托入学预防接种证查验及疫苗补种工作开展情况良好.

Objective To investigate the work of vaccination certificate and re-vaccination among children enrolled in nursery and primary schools in Qingbaijiang district of Chengdu in 2011.Methods Under the Guidelines to Inspection of Vaccination Certificate among Children Entering Kindergarten andPrimary Schools and Supplementary Vaccination of Chengdu in 2011",vaccination certificates and status of re-vaccination were inspected among all the targeted children in the district.Results The coverage of vaccination certificate and the inspection rate both reached 100％ ; the vaccination certificate holding rate was 97.13％ and the re-vaccination certificate rate was 100％ ; the rate of re-vaccination was 96.67％.The vaccination missing degree ranked from high to low as MenAC,OPV,JE,DT,HepA,MMR,MV (MR),DPT,HBV and MenA.Conclusion The work of inspection on vaccination certificate and re-vaccination among enrolled children in nursery and primary schools in Qingbaijiang district was well carried out.

目的：探讨儿童预防接种信息管理系统在免疫接种率分析中的应用效果。方法选取9755例本地儿童，232例流动儿童作为研究对象，应用儿童预防接种信息管理系统，分析5种疫苗接种率。结果流动儿童的疫苗接种率、及时接种率、合格接种率分别为98.01%、85.64%、97.25%；本地儿童的疫苗接种率、及时接种率、合格接种率分别为99.68%、90.78%、99.24%。结论应用儿童预防接种信息管理系统，能够方便、迅速地查询流动儿童及本地儿童的免疫接种信息，为流动儿童提供了及时接种机会，也很好地解决了因儿童流动造成的接种管理困难问题。

Objective To study the application effect of children immunization information management system in immunization coverage analysis. Methods 9755 cases of local children and 232 cases of floating children were selected as the research object. the children immunization information manage-ment system was used to analyze 5 kinds of vaccination rates. Results The vaccination rates,timely coverage,qualified coverage rate of the floating children were 98.01%,85.64%and 98.16%respectively. And the local children were 99.68%,90.78%and 99.31%respectively. Conclusion It can conveniently and quickly query migrant children and local children immunization information in the children immunization information management system,and provide timely immunization opportunity for floating children,which is also very good to solve the vaccination management problems caused by children''s migration.

目的：了解广东省清远市疑似预防接种异常反应( AEFI)的发生特征，评价AEFI信息管理系统运转情况及预防接种安全性。方法采用描述流行病学方法对清远市2009-2012年报告的 AEFI 数据进行统计分析。结果2009-2012年清远市共报告AEFI 553例，年均发生率为7.6/10万，以一般反应为主(72.33%)；AEFI监测县区覆盖率、48 h内及时报告率和调查率、个案调查表完整率等运转指标均明显提高；发生时间以3、9、11月份居多(占40.87%)，人群以≤2岁婴幼儿为主(占60.58%)，接种后1 d内发生AEFI占85.90%；发生率较高的疫苗主要为23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗、甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗、b 型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗、麻疹风疹联合减毒活疫苗、吸附白破联合疫苗、吸附百白破联合疫苗(占46.84%)。结论清远市AEFI集中在小年龄组及接种早期。疫苗的安全性和预防接种服务质量良好。 AEFI监测的完整性和敏感性逐年提高。为减少预防接种后不良事件的发生，提高AEFI监测敏感性，须进一步规范预防接种工作，提高预防接种质量，加强AEFI监测。

Objective To know the features of adverse events following immunization( AEFI) in Qingyuan city, evaluate the working status of the AEFI information management system and the safety of vaccination. Methods AEFI data was collected through the national AEFI information management system, and using the descriptive epidemilogic method ana-lysed these data which had been reported from 2009 to 2012 in Qingyuan city. Result 553 cases of AEFI were reported, the incidence was 7. 6/100 000, take the general reaction as the dominant reaction, it accounted for 72. 33%;The opera-tion indexes, such as AEFI monitoring area coverage rate, timely report and investigation rates within 48 hours and the in-dividual case questionnaire completion rates have got the significant increasement. The month of occurred AEFI was mainly in March, September and November,accounted for 40. 87%, AEFI mainly occurred in children aged 2 years old and below (60. 58%). The children occurred AEFI within 1 day after inoculati