以碳酸二甲酯（DMC）与乙醇进行酯交换法合成碳酸二乙酯（DEC）,并考察不同催化剂、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应配比、催化剂重复性使用对反应的影响.结果表明,无水硝酸镧催化碳酸二甲酯与乙醇的酯交换反应具有优良的活性;当反应温度为76-80℃,乙醇与DMC摩尔比为8∶1,催化剂用量占DMC量的0.7%（摩尔分数）时,反应7h后DMC的转化率为86.0%,碳酸二乙酯和碳酸甲乙酯（EMC）的产率分别为59%和26.5%,酯交换反应的选择性为99.4% ;催化剂无水硝酸镧在重复使用5次后仍具有很好的催化活性.

T his paper studies the synthesis of diethyl carbonate by the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with ethanol .It finds that lanthanum nitrate is a good catalyst for this reaction . The reaction conditions are optimized .When the temperature is between 76 and 80 ℃ ,n(ethanol)∶n(DMC)=8∶1 ,the amount of catalyst is 0 .7 mol% of DMC ,the conversion of DMC after 7 hours of reaction is 86 .0% and the yields of diethyl carbonate (DEC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) are 59% and 26 .5% ,respectively .The transesterification selectivity is 99 .4% .La(NO3 )3 has been re-used 5 times for the transesterification of DMC with ethanol without displaying loss of its catalytic ac-tivity .

为了提高碳酸二乙酯的转化率与选择性，对二氧化碳和乙醇直接合成碳酸二乙酯的过程进行了研究。确定了较优的催化剂为ZrO2和3 A分子筛作为混合催化剂。对催化剂的制备工艺进行了优化：采用正相沉淀方式，沉淀pH值为9，焙烧温度为600℃时制备的ZrO2按质量比为5∶2的比例与3 A分子筛进行物理混合后催化效果最佳。在乙醇和二氧化碳的进料比为514/225 mmol下，碳酸二乙酯的产量可以达到0．0543 mmol，选择性在60％以上。在该催化体系中，加入脱水剂乙烯、环氧丙烷和环氧丁烷均无法达到高效提高反应产率的效果。

The catalyst used in synthesis of diethyl carbonate (DEC)from CO2 and ethanol was studied in order to improve the production and selectivity.The mixture of zirconium oxide (ZrO2 ) and 3 A molecular sieves was selected as the optimal catalyst.The preparation methods of catalysts were also optimized.ZrO2 was obtained by the precipitation method at pH=9 and then calcined at 600 ℃.ZrO2 and 3 A molecular sieves were mixed as the mass ratio of 5∶2.When the feed ratio of CO2 and ethanol was 51 4/225 mmol,the yield of DEC could reach 0.054 3 mmol with the selectivity of more than 60%.In the catalytic system,adding dehydrating agent into the reaction can not efficiently improve the reaction yield.

以碱性离子液体为催化剂，对碳酸二甲酯（DMC）和碳酸二乙酯（DEC）酯交换反应合成碳酸甲乙酯进行了研究．筛选出高催化活性的碱性离子液体1‐丁基‐3甲基咪唑丁酸盐（[C4 mim][CH3（CH2）2 COO]）为催化剂，详细考察了反应时间、温度、催化剂用量、原料配比等因素对酯交换反应的影响．实验结果表明，在反应温度为90℃，催化剂用量为6％（占反应物总质量百分数），n（DMC）∶ n（DEC）＝1．5∶1，反应时间为5 h 时，DEC 的转化率高达48％．[C4 mim][CH3（CH2）2 COO]重复利用5次后仍保持较高的催化活性．

The synthesis of ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) in the presence of alkaline ionic liquids as cata‐lysts was studied ,in which alkaline ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium butyrate ([C4 mim][CH3 (CH2 )2 COO ]) was selected due to its good catalytic performance compared with other alkaline ionic liquids .The effects of reaction time ,temperature ,catalyst loading and mo‐lar ratio of reactants on the conversion of the DEC were examined .Under the suitable reaction conditions of reaction temperature 90 ℃ ,catalyst dosage 6% (based on the total mass of the re‐actants) ,n(DMC) ∶ n(DEC) = 1 .5 ∶ 1 ,reaction time 5 h ,the conversion of DEC was 48% . After alkaline ionic liquid [C4 mim ][CH3 (CH2 )2 COO ] was recovered and reused five times without obvious loss of its catalytic activity .

苯乙酸乙酯与金属钠反应所生成的碳负离子与碳酸二乙酯反应生成苯基丙二酸二乙酯,经四氢化铝锂还原、酸化得到2-苯基-1,3-丙二醇.通过四溴化碳/三苯基膦、硫代乙酸钾的羟基官能团转化反应,合成2-苯基-1,3-二溴丙烷和2-苯基-1,3-丙二硫醇乙酸酯,最后用肼还原硫醇乙酸酯,合成了目标产物2-苯基-1,3-丙二硫醇.所有中间产物和目标产物经核磁共振氢谱或红处光谱表征.

Condensation of ethyl phenylacetate with diethyl carbonate in the presence of sodium gave diethyl phenylmalonate,whose reaction with lithium aluminum hydride yielded 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol.After a series of functional transformation in the presence of carbon tetrabromide/triphenylphosphine,potassium thioacetate and hydrazine hydrate,2-phenyl-1,3-propanedithiol had been obtained.

本文以醋酸锂和钛酸丁酯为原料,以冰醋酸为抑制剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了晶态Li4 Ti5 O12负极材料。与自制的3种电解液和实验室常用的电解液分别组装成锂/钛酸锂半电池。采用恒流充放电测试、循环伏安法（CV）及交流阻抗法（EIS）对其电化学性能进行研究。研究结果发现：在以环状碳酸酯类（EC、PC）和线性碳酸酯类（ MEC）为溶剂、以六氟磷酸锂（ LiPF6）为电解质的电解液中添加双乙二酸硼酸锂（ LiBOB）,有利于提高半电池的性能,首次放电比电容达到了198mA． h． g-1,且放电比电容经多次充放电后衰减得较小。而在电解液中加入碳酸亚乙烯酯（ VC）,半电池的性能有所下降。 Li4 Ti5 O12对电解液表现出较明显的兼容性。

Lithium acetate and butyl titanate were used as raw materials,glacial acetic acid as inhibitor,nanocrystalline Li4 Ti5 O12 for the anode material of lithium-ion battery was prepared by sol-gel technique. The Li4 Ti5 O12 , three pre-prepared electrolytes and a conventional electrolyte were used to assemble four half-cells Li/Li4 Ti5 O12 , respectively. In order to explore the compatibles of Li4 Ti5 O12 toward the electrolytes, we performed the characterizations of galvanostatic charge-discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry (CV)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)for those half-cells. The research results showed that the performances of half-cell Li/Li4 Ti5 O12 could been improved by adding lithium bis( oxalato) borate( LiBOB) to the electrolyte that consisted of LiPF6, cyclic carbonates(EC,PC),and linear carbonate(MEC). The first discharge specific capacity of the half-cell reached 198mA. h. g-1 with less decrease under 20-time cycles of charge-discharge. However,when