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双语推荐：社会规范

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网络冲击着版权制度，网络环境下版权制度被肆意践踏，侵权成为极为普遍的现象。在这种情况下，法律与其他社会规范不但背离，而且产生了冲突，这会造成严重的后果。这种反版权的规范严重威胁着版权制度，甚至影响到人们对法治的信仰。究其原因，网络反版权社会规范的形成是因为版权边界的过度扩张，版权法律规范无法与其他社会规范取得一致。因此，我国的版权制度在网络环境下亟须变革，应当修改完善合理使用和法定许可制度，明确版权的边界，维护社会公众的公共文化权利，使版权规范与其他社会规范趋于一致，并最终消除网络反版权的社会规范。
Network impacts on the copyright system, the legal system of copyright under the network environment is trampled, and network copyright infringement has become a very common phenomenon. In this case, other social norms not only deviate from laws, but also conlfict to, which creates serious consequences. Social norms against copyright seriously threaten the copyright system, and even affect the belief in the rule of law among publics. The reason of the formation of network social norms against copyright is that the copyright boundary is overexpansion, copyright system cannot make agreement with other social norms. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the copyright system under the network environment, modify system of fair use and legal permission, deifne the boundary of copyright, protect the cultural right of publics, make consistent of the copyright system and other social norms, and eventually eliminate the network social norms against copyright.

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从前现代社会到现代社会,人类社会规范经历了两种变迁形式：替代性变迁和融合型变迁。社会规范替代性变迁是一种规范代替另外一种规范,包含内源性和外源性替代;社会规范融合型变迁是两种不同性质、不同内容的规范相互融合在一起,内涵纵向和横向融合。
From pre-modern society to modern society, norms of human society have undergone two changes: alternative changes and inclusive transition. Alternative change of social norms is a norm instead of another specification, including the endogenous and exogenous replacement;inclusive transition is the integration of two norms with different nature and content, taking vertical and horizontal integration.

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目前．社会责任的履行成为社会全面评价企业的重要标准之一，企业社会责任报告是企业非财务信息披露的重要栽体。以三一重工所发布的2012年社会责任报告进行例证分析，说明我国的企业社会责任报告在内容、信息质量等方面存在规范问题，应该采取规范内容、完善形式、加强引导及实施监督等措施去加以规范。
At the present, social responsibility has become one of the important standards of comprehensive evaluation of social enterprise. Corporate social responsibility report is an important carrier of non-financial information disclosure. This article analyzed our country social responsibility report related regulations in content, information quality problems. At last, Sany Heavy Industry’s social responsibility report in 2012 is taken as a case study to illustrate the point.

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当前，虚拟社会给青少年的道德成长以及德育工作带来了诸多挑战，了解虚拟与现实的关系，是我们开展德育的重要基础。“超真实”这一概念，对于我们分析虚拟与现实的关系，具有重要的启发意义。“超真实”指的是一种非真实代替了真实的状态，其主要是由符号主宰生活、仿真文化盛行以及真实与非真实之间的“内爆”形成的。对于青少年道德成长以及德育工作而言，其所带来的是社会存在状态的改变，无疑会产生巨大影响。具体到挑战而言，“超真实”对于德育的挑战主要是：促使社会规范去权威化；逼迫社会规范边缘化；导致社会规范无根化。在应对这一挑战上，教育者可以从两个方面入手：一是引导青少年正确辨别“真实”，进行真实观与符号运作方面的教育；二是为社会规范赋予时代内涵，更新社会规范及其表达方式。
Currently, the virtual community brought many challenges to moral education, understanding the relationship between virtual and reality is an important foundation of our moral conduct. "Hyperreality" refers to a non-real state instead of the real, which is mainly dominated by the symbol "implosion" of life, as well as simulation culture prevalent between the real and non-real formation. The challenges of "hyperreality" for moral education are mainly: promoting the authority of social norms; persecuting social norms marginalization; leading to social norms uprooting. The educators should response to these challenges from two aspects: one is guiding young people on how to identify the "real" correctly and carry out the education of the outlook on the "real" as well as operational aspects of symbolic concepts;Secondly, giving the era connotation of social norms and update social norms and the expression.

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在中国传统的熟人社会中，人情对人们的行为方式具有绝对的价值导向作用。而法治社会要求规范行事，显然这与人情社会相左。但人情与法治社会中的道德又有某些契合，若能发挥其积极性将会促进法制和道德的建设。通过对人情社会和法治社会的对比，揭示出人情与规范的关系。
In the traditional Chinese acquaintance society,human sentiment directs people''s way of act.While the legal society demands peo-ple to behave with norms,this is contrary to the human sentiment society.But there is still some correspondence between human sentiment and morality.If the positivity of human sentiment can be played,this will promote legal and moral construction.This article will reveal the relation-ship between human sentiment and behavioral norms by the comparison between the human sentiment society and the legal society.

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翻译作为一种社会文化活动，受到社会文化规范的制约。传统的翻译研究主要采用源语为导向的研究方法，会产生对等的评判标准。而翻译规范理论研究，则是通过对源语与目的语统筹考虑，使直译与意译有机结合。本文采用目的语为导向的方法，从翻译规范理论角度探索韩中翻译背后的规范。
As an activity of social culture, translation is restricted by social and cultural norms. Traditional translation studies mainly use the source language oriented method, therefore produce equivalence criteria. The research of translation norms theory, considering both the source language and target language, combines the literal translation and free translation. This article adopts the method of the target language-oriented to explore the translation specification from Korean to Chinese from the perspective of translation norms theory.

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我国各省上市公司发布企业社会责任报告数量存在严重差异,且发布比率较低。文章从制度视角分析了省域强制、规范和管理认知要素对省域上市公司发布企业社会责任报告的影响,并提出了省级政府及监管部门应制定企业社会责任报告要求,新闻媒体加大对企业社会责任监督力度,发挥管制制度作用和规范制度的强制与规范作用,不但直接提升企业社会责任报告,而且通过提升企业管理者对企业社会责任认知从而提升企业社会责任;与此同时应大力提升企业管理者对企业社会责任认知力度,发挥管理认知对企业社会责任报告的直接作用。
There are a lot of differences in corporate social responsibility reporting issued by listed companies from different provinces. This paper analyzes the impacts of institutional factors which are coercive, mimetic and normative on corporate social responsibility at provincial level. It finds the local government and supervisors play very important roles in improving the corporate social responsibility reporting both at quantitative and qualitative level. The local media as a normative factor also has significant impact on the listed companies'' corporate social responsibility reporting. Besides these external institutional factors, management cognition influences directly and significantly on corporate social responsibility reporting.

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乡村社会的性是一种有缺口的禁忌。性别角色是性正当化的表现[1],性的日常化彰显了其规范性的一面,性教育机制则是留给性的社会出口,这是性的多重社会属性。乡村社会中的性必须要正当化、日常化、禁忌化,正当化的性体现了社会的正面价值,日常化的性则让性具有了丰富的实践感,禁忌化的性创造了神秘感,并且建构了伦理界限。乡村社会的性就是一个从价值层面到规范层面、从规范层面到实践层面的综合体系。
Sex in rural society is a deficient taboo.Gender role manifests the legitimacy of sex, and the daily channel of sex demonstrates its normalization to some extent.What is more, the education mechanism on sex is the means of letting people get to know about it, which shows its multiple social attribute.In the rural soci-ety, sex must be a legitimate, common yet taboo item.The legitimate factor of sex offers a positive value to the society;the common factor means its practical sense;and its taboo factor creates its mysterious sense and constructs the ethical limits.Sex in the rural society is an integrated system, which covers the perspectives of value, norm and practice.

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分析了河北省社会救助制度体系框架与运行现状，阐释了社会救助制度在实施中存在的法律保障、筹资机制、监督机制和基层管理方面的困境，进而从构建规范的社会救助法规体系，明确社会救助管理体制与组织机制，规范社会救助的对象和内容，健全社会救助资金的筹集和申领程序方面，探究了河北省社会救助制度体系建构的对策与路径。
The authors of this paper analyze the operational frame and the status quo of the social assistance system in Hebei Province,point out the difficulties with the legal protection,financing mechanism,supervision mechanism,and management at the grass-roots level in the implementa-tion of social assistance,and then explore the countermeasures and ways of the social assistance system construction in Hebei Province from the perspectives of the standardized social assistance system construction,specific social assistance management system and organization mechanism, standardized obj ects and contents of social assistance and sound social assistance fund raising and application procedures.

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网络空间中社区认同的本质是“社区感”，即对所属社区共享价值观的认同。社区认同通过社交网规范(包括规范认知和规范效力)对虚拟社会秩序产生影响。上述理论关联有助于优化网络社会管理实践，具体措施如下：互联网管理中应注重社交网站礼仪规范，以增强技术规范和法律规范的有效性；利用社交网实现立法创制权，以增强互联网相关法规的合法性；适度放松实名制并强化线下活动，以提高社交网虚拟社区归属感；在舆论管理中引入社会规训，以构建无形而又无所不在的网络版“超级全景监狱”。
Community identification in Internet society or cyberspace is essentially a sense of com-munity,or the identification of the shared value of a specifically affiliated community.Social order in cyberspace is affected by community identification by norms (including norm cognition and norm ef-fectiveness)in social networking sites.The above theoretical relation helps improve management to-wards cyberspace.Four management suggestions are as follows:pay more attention to SNS norm in Internet management in order to strengthen the effectiveness of technical norm and law;use social networking sites to achieve legislative right of initiative to enhance the legitimacy of related laws in In-ternet;loosen the real-name registration appropriately and increase off-line activities in order to improve sense of belonging to SNS virtual community;introduce social discipline into public opinion management in order to construct an invisible-but-in-everywhere networked“super-panopticon”.

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