福克纳的许多作品都是对其早期发表的短篇小说进行二次修改而成的,这是福克纳创作生涯中值得关注的一个现象。在其短篇小说《熊》的基础上,福克纳经大量修改和扩充完成了中篇小说《熊》的创作,从而实现了作品主题思想的巨大升华与超越。从《熊》的两个版本的对比中,我们洞见到了福克纳的创作动机,考察到了作者在字斟句酌、反复推敲的背后更深层的思想嬗变。较之同名短篇小说,中篇小说《熊》不仅赋予荒野与文明以善恶对立的道德内涵,还试图据此为美国南方种族制度的痼疾和生态危机寻觅出路,表现了作家对人类苦难的同情与生态伦理的深刻思考。

Noticeably,William Faulkner has reworked many of his earlier published short stories,develo-ping them into longer and more complex pieces,a phenomenon that deserves critical attention.Based on a short story of the same title,the novelette The Bear extensively revises and expands the original and thus achieves much greater thematic significance and depth of meanings.A comparison of the two versions not only sheds light on Faulkner’s creation motives but also reveals how his thoughts change and develop as is evident in the numerous textual differences.In the novelette,Faulkner sees wilderness and civilization in terms of binary op-position,defining one as morally good and the other as negative,and based on this binary pair,he explores possible remedies for racial and ecological crisis in the American South.The novelette fully expresses the au-thor’s profound humanistic concerns and deep reflections on ecological ethics.

《我弥留之际》是美国著名作家威廉·福克纳的杰出作品。福克纳在这部看似情节简单的小说中表现了多组人生基本命题的二元对立关系，如生与死、言与行、理智与疯狂等，以及它们是如何转化乃至消解的，从而探究人性与人生价值。

As I Lay Dying is the masterpiece of William Faulkner, the famous American writer. Faulkner in this seemingly simple-plot novel discusses the binary oppositions of some basic concepts, such as life and death, words and deeds, sanity and insanity and points out the opposition and transformation within each pair, so as to explore humanity and human value.

《圣殿》是福克纳一部饱受争议,却思想深刻、内容严肃的作品。小说中金鱼眼一直被学术界视为十足的恶人,他贩卖私酒,以变态的方式强暴谭波儿,用暴力统治他的领地。本文在霍妮＂神经症人格理论＂的启示下,剖析金鱼眼的人格障碍,分析金鱼眼成为恶人的各种原因,发掘福克纳塑造金鱼眼这一人物形象的深层动机。在此基础上,明确指出：金鱼眼的种种恶行并非本性使然,其种种恶行的根源在于其不幸的童年遭遇以及家庭温暖的缺乏,福克纳通过金鱼眼这一虚构形象旨在强调家庭对于人生成长过程的重要性。

William Faulkner’Sanctuary has been a controversial piece of art with serious and deep thoughts. Selling ille-gal alcohol,ill - compromising Temple,and ruling his territory with violence,Popeye in the novel has been considered a big Evil by critics home and abroad. Enlightened by Karen Horney’s Theory of Neurotic Personality,the paper attempts to ex-plore into Popeye’personality disorder,make a deep analysis of what made him a big Evil,and for what purpose Faulkner made such a character,and finally arrive at a conclusion:Popeye’s evil - doings does not originate from his nature,but o-riginates from and are augmented by his unfortunate childhood experience and lack of due family care. And Faulkner’s purpose in having such a character is to emphaize the essentiality of family’s role in the process of a person’s life.

在福克纳的小说创作中,象征隐喻这一写作手法的运用十分引人注目。在他的作品中古瓮以及与瓮相关的这一意象群的出现与其受济慈的《希腊古瓮颂》的影响密切相关,也带有明显的自我经历的痕迹,从中可以解读出在肉体、温情、时间和理想等层次上的多重涵义。总体而言,这组意象构成了一个比较完整的体系,体现了福克纳的人生体验及其对文学创作的理解。

Symbol and metaphor were used conspicuously in William Faulkner’s novels in which the urn and other related images can be found frequently.John Keats’ Ode on a Grecian Urn had an important effect on his works.The images in the novels embody the implication of flesh, tender feeling, time and ideal in different respects and construct a system reflecting Faulkner’ s understanding of life and literature.

论文通过介绍"红萝卜"的来由,结合加西亚·马尔克斯的《百年孤独》、福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》两部外国现代派作品对莫言创作的影响,简要分析莫言成名作《透明的红萝卜》中至真、至美、至善的审美因素,指出莫言于魔幻现实主义小试牛刀,创作的《透明的红萝卜》与其诸多代表作相比,显得清新动人,稚嫩而真实,别具一格,成为莫言作品中的"小清新"。

This paper analyzes briefly the aesthetic elements of truth,beauty and goodness in Mo Yan’ s initial masterpiece-TheLucid Carrot-by relating the source of“the carrot”based on the impact on Mo Yan’s literary creation of two foreign modernist novels-Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Soli-tude and William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury .As is indicated,Mo Yan’s The Lucid Carrot-his attempt at magic realism-seems fresh and touching,tender and true with a style of its own compared with his other masterpieces,thus having become a “small refreshing one ”of Mo Yan’s works.