为丰富我国冬小麦遗传多样性，为其遗传改良提供物质保障，对引进的104份斯洛伐克冬小麦种质资源的株高、株穗数、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒质量等主要农艺性状进行了调查分析。研究结果表明：引进的资源主要表现为株高偏高、穗子较大、千粒质量偏低的特点，且株高、穗长与千粒质量三性状均与对照品种存在极显著差异；6个性状变异系数幅度为0．08～0．37，变异系数的顺序为株穗数＞株高＝主茎穗粒数＞千粒质量＞穗长＞小穗数，表现了丰富的遗传多样性；64份冬性种质与40份春性种质的千粒质量差异达到极显著水平，株高和主茎穗粒数差异达到0．05显著水平，株穗数、穗长和小穗数差异不显著；株高与株穗数、株高与穗长、穗长与小穗数、穗长与穗粒数、小穗数与穗粒数呈极显著正相关，穗长与千粒质量、穗粒数与千粒质量呈显著正相关；聚类分析将104份种质分为4类；筛选出综合农艺性状优良的种质3份，可直接作为亲本材料应用于黄淮冬麦区的小麦遗传改良研究。

In order to enrich genetic diversity of wheat and provide germplasm for genetic improvement ,it was analyzed that the performance of plant height (PH),spikes per plant (SPP),spike length (SL),spikelets,kernels per spike ( KPS) ,1 000-kernel weight ( TKW) of 104 Slovak germplasm resources in wheat .It was showed that:higher PH,bigger SL and lower TKW than check varieties ,it was recheved extremely significance of 0.01 levels during PH,SL and TKW;The range of coefficient variation during 6 agronomic traits were 0.08-0.37,the order was SPP>PH=KPS>TKW>SL>spikelets;The significant test results of 64 winter wheat and 40 spring wheat were that TKW achieved extremely significant level of 0.01,PH and KPS achieved significant level of 0.05,SPP, SL and spikelets were not differential;The correlation analysis indicated that PH and SPP , PH and SL , SL and spikelets,SL and KPS,spikelets and KPS were extremely significant positive correlation ,SL and TKW,KPS and TKW were significant positi

采用裂区设计,对6个冬小麦品种在3种灌溉模式条件下的籽粒产量和主茎的穗部性状进行研究,以探索灌溉模式对冬小麦穗部性状的影响以及不同性状与籽粒产量之间的关系。结果表明,不同灌溉模式下,冬小麦主茎的穗长、穗颈节长、穗颈节直径、穗粒数、产量的差异均不显著;不同品种间,冬小麦穗长、穗颈节长、穗颈节直径差异极显著,穗粒数、产量差异显著。说明灌水模式对冬小麦穗部性状的影响小于遗传因素的影响,遗传因素对穗部性状起决定作用。小麦产量与穗粒数呈正相关(y=4.873 93+0.001 39x),穗长与穗粒数呈负相关(y=86.184 9-4.292 84x),穗颈节直径与穗粒数呈正相关(y=2.567 15+0.014 55x),穗颈节长与穗粒数呈正相关(y=32.731 05+0.619 15x)。在所有组合中,以采用底墒水模式、选用陕538小麦品种产量最高,为8 175kg/hm2。

With the split plot design ,the grain yield and main stem panicle traits of six winter wheat varieties were studied under three irrigation modes ,to explore the effect of irrigation modes on the panicle traits of winter wheat and the relationships between different traits and grain yield .The re-sults showed that the spike length of main stem ,length of spike neck ,diameter of spike neck ,grain num-ber per spike and grain yield of winter wheat were not significantly different among different irrigation modes ,indicating that the influence of irrigation modes on spike characters of winter wheat was less than that of genetic factors ,and the genetic factors had the decisive role to ear characters .The grain yield of wheat had positive correlation with grain number per spike (y=4.873 93+0.001 39 x) .The grain num-ber per spike had negative relation with the spike length (y=86.184 9-4.292 84 x) ,but was positively related to the diameter of spike neck (y=2 .567 15+0 .014 55 x) and the leng

试验以我国不同年代的35个玉米品种为材料，在施氮肥和不施氮肥两个水平下对产量、穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、秃尖长、轴粗、百粒重共7个农艺性状进行考查比较。结果表明，除轴粗以外，其余几个农艺性状不同年代间差异均达到显著或极显著水平，随年代变化玉米品种产量显著提高，氮胁迫压力下不同年代玉米品种产量均下降。正常施氮条件下，各年代玉米品种的穗长、穗粗、穗粒数呈上升趋势，低氮胁迫降低了穗长、穗粗、穗粒数及百粒重，而对轴粗无明显影响。研究还表明，1950年以来我国玉米品种的耐低氮能力没有明显提高。育种工作要在自交系选育中重视低氮条件，为进一步培育耐低氮杂交种奠定基础。

Thirty-five maize varieties from 1950 to 2000 were tested. Grain yield, kernel length, kernel diameter, kernels per ear, barren tip length, cob diameter, 100 kernel weight were measured under low nitrogen and optimal conditions. The result showed that all traits (except the cob diameter) across decades differed significantly. Maize grain yield, kernel length, kernel diameter, kernels per ear and 100 kernel weight decreased under low nitrogen. Hybrids nitrogen tolerance did not increase obviously. Therefore, the task of maize breeding is to strengthen nitrogen stress pressure in selecting inbred lines, which will establish a foundation for breeding hybrids tolerant to nitrogen.

以2012年内蒙古谷子区域试验10个谷子品种（系）的试验验结果为数据材料，运用灰色关联分析法，分析了9个主要农艺性状与产量关系的密切程度。结果表明：9个农艺性状对产量的关联序为穗数〉苗数〉生育期〉千粒重〉单株粒重〉株高〉单株穗重〉穗长〉出谷率。说明穗数、苗数、生育期、千粒重、单株粒重、株高和单株穗重对产量影响较大；穗长和出谷率对产量影响较小。

Using ten foxtail millet varieties in the national regional test of Inner Mongolia in 2012,the correlation between nine main agronomic characters and yield was analyzed by the grey relational grade analysis method. The results showed that the relational order was as follows:Spike number per acreage>sprout number per acreage>growth stage>1000-seed weight>grain weight per spike>plant height>spike weight>spike length>grain percentage. It revealed that Spike number per acreage,sprout number per acreage,growth stage,1000-seed weight,grain weight per spike,plant height and spike weight had more influence on the yield than the other two agronomic characters.

研究了不同种植密度对晶甜5号超甜玉米农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:晶甜5号在种植密度4.2×104～6.0×104株·hm-2范围内,随着密度的增加,鲜果穗重逐渐下降,但每公顷产量逐渐增加;从生育期和穗部性状上分析,随着密度的增加,晶甜5号采收期提前,生育期缩短,株高、穗位升高,但穗部性状变差,穗长逐渐缩短,穗粗变细,穗行数先增加后减少,秃尖长先变短后增长,行粒数和穗粒数逐渐减少。由此表明,南京地区秋季超甜玉米晶甜5号的最佳种植密度为6.0×104株·hm-2。

The paper explores the effect of different planting density on agronomic characteris- tics and the yield of Jingtian No. 5 super-sweet corn. The results show that the fresh ear weight decreases while the yield increases with the increasing density under different density such as 4.2×10^4, 4.8×10^4, 5.4×10^4, 6.0×10^4 plants · hm-2. As for the growth process and ear characteristics of Jingtian No. 5, the harvest time is advanced and the growth period is shortened in the density of 6.0 × 10^4 plants ·hm-2; and the plant and ear height are raised. But the ear characters become worse, the ear length becomes shorter and the ear diameter be- comes more tapering~ the ear row number increases first and then decreases while the length of bald tip decreases first and then increases. The kernels per row and grains per ear decrease. Comprehensive research shows that the best planting density for autumn Jingtian No. 5 super- sweet corn is 6.0×104 plants ·hm-2 in Nanjing.