本文对河北省油用亚麻育种历程进行了回顾,从育成品种应用推广、核心种质资源引进和利用、抗病和丰产育种目标提升、育种方法研究以及项目完成、成果奖励、人才培养等九个方面总结了育种成就;从杂交亲本遗传基础、育种测试手段、品种选育方法、育成品种适应性等四个方面指出存在不足;并从育种目标的准确定位、种质资源挖掘和引进、提高育种测试手段和培育具有广泛适应性抗病高产优质品种四个方面提出来今后育种工作方向。

This paper reviewed the breeding history and experiments of oil flax in Hebei province , 9 breeding achievements were summarized , including application and promotion of varieties , introduction and utilization of germplasm resources , improvement of disease resistance and high -yield breeding tar-gets, research on breeding theory and methods , as well as projects completed , awards and talents culti-vation.And 4 shortages were pointed out , including the hybrid parent genetic basis , breeding test meth-ods, variety breeding methods, variety adaptability, and so on.Directions for the future were brought up based on the following factors , including determination of breeding target , excavation and introduction of germplasm resource , improvement of detection means and development of adaptable varieties with disease-resistant, high-yield and good quality .

RRIM600是20世纪在中国轻寒区大规模推广种植的国外优良橡胶树高产品种,由该品种衍生的热研7-33-97和文昌11已在海南、广东等植胶区大规模推广种植,成为更新胶园的主推品种,热研88-13成为培育高产无性系的重要亲本。为探讨RRIM600作为亲本在中国橡胶树育种上的利用价值,本文分析了该品种在中国推广种植的适应性、农艺性状表现、刺激割胶生理效应、主要衍生品种的品种特性等。结果表明:RRIM600开割前后茎围生长均较快,单位面积产量高,刺激割胶可提高产量,但应注意刺激浓度和频率。以RRIM600为亲本,通过不同育种方法,育种工作者先后育成了热研7-33-97、热研8-79、热研88-13、文昌11等试种级以上品种54个,这些品种都保持了RRIM600的高产特性。因此,RRIM600是一个高产的橡胶树优良亲本,对中国选育高产橡胶树新品种有重要的利用价值。

RRIM600 is a rubber clone with high yield, recommended for large scale commercial planting in mild-cold areas and introduced from aboard. The Reyan 7-33-97 and Wenchang 11 derived from RRIM600 were large scale commercial planting as main recommended clones for renewal rubber plantations in Hainan and Guangdong. Reyan 88-13 derived from RRIM600 has important value for developing the new rubber clones with high-yielding. In order to explore the value of RRIM600 as a crossing parent in rubber breeding program, the adaptability, economical character, stimulated tapping system and physiological status of RRIM600 were analyzed, meanwhile the main features of its several derivatives were also described. The results showed that RRIM600 faster grow and high yield, stimulated tapping can improving yield but must take care the systems. As a parent, the 54 clones such as Reyan 7-33-97, Reyan 8-79, Reyan 88-13, Wenchang 11 and others were developed by various breeding methods, and all these derivat

通过对国内外大豆的生产现状、大豆育种常用方法及优缺点、未来发展方向及前景展望的分析，指出今后我国大豆育种目标是主攻单产，兼顾高蛋白和高油，同时选取具有更广适应性、更高抗病虫性的品种。同时要广泛引入国外优异资源，采用常规鉴定技术和生物技术挖掘资源的遗传潜力，为育种提供优秀的亲本和优良基因；在育种方法上应采用生物技术与常规育种相结合的方法，构建和识别优异的变异个体，变传统育种为现代育种，使大豆品种在培育方面迈上新台阶。

Based on the analysis of domestic and international soybean production status, including the advantages and disadvantages of soybean breeding methods as well as the development trend and future prospect, the soybean breeding goals of China proposed. The goals were higher yield, high protein, high oil and greater resistance to disease and pest insects. Simultaneously introducing foreign elite resources, using conventional identification technology and biotechnology to mine resources in providing good parents and good genes for breeding are required. Combining the method of biotechnology and the conventional breeding, to construct and identify elite mutant and, to transform the traditional breeding into modern breeding, a new step in breeding soybean cultivars will come.

以我国小豆主产区的107份小豆种质资源为研究对象，采用1976年国际照明委员会规定的L＊a＊b＊表色系，研究了107份红粒小豆种质资源粒色与生育期的相关性。结果表明：小豆籽粒颜色的亮度值（L＊）、红度值（a＊）和艳度值（b＊）均与生育期呈显著的正相关，且三者对生育期的综合效应顺序为b＊〉a＊〉L＊，表明小豆籽粒越鲜艳，生育期就越长。在育种过程中，如以短生育期为目标，则应选择籽粒颜色稍暗的材料作亲本；如以粒色鲜亮为目标，则应选择生育期较长的材料作亲本。本研究可为小豆育种过程中亲本的选择提供理论参考。

Correlation between grain color and growth period of 107 red tablets adzuki bean germplasm resources was studied using L*a*b*color system regulated by CIE.The results showed that the L*, a*and b* of adzuki bean grain color had significant positive correlations with the growth period, the order of the comprehensive effect for growth period was b* >a* >L*, which showed that adzuki bean seed was more bright-coloured, the growth period was longer.In the breeding process, such with short growth period as the goal the grain darker color materials should be chosen as the parents, such with grain color bright as the target the longer growth period materials should be chosen as the parents.This provided a certain reference value for parental choice in the breeding process of adzuki bean.

控制和决定微生物细胞各种表型与性状的本质十分复杂，涉及遍布细胞基因组的众多基因或相关基因产物间的动态作用。长期以来，微生物生产菌株大多通过自然选育或人工诱变逐代积累有益突变而来。基因组改组技术是在DNA分子（基因组）水平上模拟生物有性杂交过程，对微生物的全基因组进行随机组合与改良。它是基于突变和重组基础上的育种新技术，建立在传统诱变育种基础上，结合多细胞融合技术，对诱变后的突变库进行多亲本基因组重组，从而使具有不同遗传位点有利突变的各亲本菌株将其优势基因汇集在一起，达到快速进化目标性状。

Phenotypes and traits of the microbial cells are complex in nature, which involve many genes around the whole genome, as well as their products. Classic breeding, which improves target traits through cycles of mutation and selection, accumulates beneficial mutations in an inefficient way. Crossbreeding techniques based on hybridizing parents of higher animals and plants have successfully met the diverse needs of the species. By reason of many valuable microbes have no sexual hybridization ability, and genome shuffling technology is in the simulation of sexual hybridization process on the DNA molecular level and random combination and improvement in the whole-genome. It is a novel breeding technology based on the basis of the traditional mutation breeding and combined with protoplast fusion technology: firstly, introduced of a mutation procedure as classical breeding technique to produce a mutation library composed of different mutants; then, shuffled and rearranged the mutants genome t