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双语推荐：苋菜

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选取白圆叶苋菜、香港种大红圆叶苋菜、耐抽大红苋菜、绿领全红苋菜为试验材料,采用温室盆栽方法进行干旱处理,研究了干旱胁迫下4个苋菜品种的抗旱能力。试验结果表明,香港大红圆叶苋菜的抗旱性最强,耐抽大红苋菜抗旱性次之,绿领全红苋菜抗旱性弱,白圆叶苋菜抗旱性最弱。
Taking Baiyuanye amaranth, Hongkongdahongyuanye amaranth, Naichoudahong amaranth and Lvlingquanhong amaranth as materials, we studied the drought resistance of the four amaranth cultivars under drought stress by using pot culture method in greenhouse. The results showed that the cultivar, Hongkongdahongyuanye amaranth, had the strongest drought resistance, and followed by Naichoudahong amaranth and Lvlingquanhong amaranth, while Baiyuanye amaranth had the worst drought resistance.

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采用不同浓度的氯化汞溶液(0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、25.0、50.0、100.0 mg/L)对不同品种苋菜种子进行浸种处理。结果表明,Hg+对苋菜种子萌发的影响在低浓度时有促进作用,随着Hg+浓度增加,苋菜种子的根长和芽长都明显减少,当Hg+浓度达到100 mg/L时,苋菜种子见萌芽,但都有红褐色痕迹,即汞污染现象非常明显;Hg+较高浓度时,各个不同品种苋菜种子导电率相对较高,种子活力相对较低。
Using mercuric chloride solution of different concentration (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100.0mg/L) on different varieties of amaranth seed soaking. The results show that, effects of Hg+ on germination of amaranth seed has a promoting effect at low concentrations, with the increasing of Hg+concentration, amaranth seed root length and shoot length decreased significantly, while the concentration of Hg+ reached 100 mg/L, amaranth seeds germination but see, there are red brown traces of mercury pollution, the phenomenon is very obvious when the concentration of Hg+is higher; the seeds of different varieties, amaranth conductive rate is relatively high, relatively low seed vigor.

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中国大面积的农田土壤面临盐渍化和重金属的双重污染。探索盐分胁迫下作物可食部分的重金属累积特征将为保障农产品安全提供科学依据。本文主要从镉的亚细胞分布和离子选择性角度探讨盐分胁迫对苋菜（Amaranthus mangostanus L.）镉转运过程的影响。本试验采用水培苋菜的方式，添加不同质量浓度（0、2.5、5.0、7.5和10.0 g·L-1）NaCl和3.0μg·L-1Cd处理，测定台湾白苋菜（耐盐型）和尖叶青苋菜（敏感型）根、茎、叶中Cd和Ca的亚细胞质量分数变化。Cd的亚细胞组分质量分数由大到小顺序均为：细胞壁（FI）>细胞器（FII）>>细胞液（FIII）。NaCl胁迫下，苋菜根、茎、叶中细胞壁（FI）和细胞器（FII）Cd质量分数总体显著下降，下降幅度为16%~71%，胞液（FIII）Cd质量分数基本不变，这主要和Na的竞争吸附和吸收有关。同时耐盐型台湾白苋菜根细胞器，茎、叶细胞壁和细胞器Ca质量分数总体下降，下降范围为20%~70%。敏感型尖叶青苋菜根、茎细胞壁和细胞器组分Ca质量分数均显著下降，叶细胞壁Ca质量分数下降幅度高达80%，说明细胞壁和质膜的生理结构和组成可能发生了变化；另一方面，苋菜的运输选择性比例TSK. Na(根-茎)、TSCa. Na(根-茎)和TSMg. Na(根-茎)显著下降，下降幅度达50%以上，TSK. Na(茎-叶)、TSCa. Na(茎-叶)和TSMg.Na(茎-叶)相较对照急剧上升，上升幅度均在44%以上，表明苋菜根部K、Ca、Mg向茎转移的选择性减弱；而茎向叶转移的选择性增强。苋菜细胞组成和离子选择性的变化使根、茎中细胞壁和细胞器对Cd的截留能力变差，Cd向地上部转移的比例增大，Cd在苋菜的转运系数TF(根-茎)、TF(茎-叶)较对照处理呈现不同程度的上升。台湾白苋菜的TF(根-茎)大于尖叶青苋菜，而TF(茎-叶)小于尖叶青苋菜，表明敏感型苋菜茎细胞对Cd截留能力较强，而耐盐型苋菜根细胞对Cd的截留能力较强。
Currently, the extensive agricultural soils in china are facing salinization and heavy metal pollution. Investigating the uptake and accumulation of heavy metal in the edible part of the crop under salt stress will provide scientific basis for agricultural food safety. This study aims to study the effect of salinity on Cd translocation in amaranth (Amaranthus mangostanus L.) in the view of subcellular distribution and ionic selectivity. A hydroponic experiment was performed on salt-tolerant (Taiwanbai) and salt-sensitive (Jianyeqin) cultivars under different salinity stress(0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 g·L-1)and 3.0μg·L-1 Cd, the mass fraction of Cd and Ca in roots, stems and leafs were determined at subcellular level. The Cd mass fraction was in the order: cell wall>organelle>>cytosol. Under salinity stress, Cd mass fraction of cell wall and organelle overall declined 16%~71%and cytosol Cd kept constant, which was closely related to competitive adsorption of Na. Ca mass frac

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选取苋菜和蒲公英作为试验材料,通过对总还原力及DPPH自由基、羟基自由基清除效果进行测定比较不同品种间的抗氧化性差异,并进一步测定了SOD、CAT的活性以及VC与黄酮的含量。结果表明,红苋菜抗氧化性高于绿苋菜,小叶蒲公英抗氧化性高于大叶蒲公英,红苋菜抗氧化性最强。四种野菜主要的抗氧化活性物质含量差异较大,其含有的抗氧化活性物质在其总体抗氧化性中的作用有待进一步研究。
Using amaranth and dandelion as materials , the total reducing power and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging effects were detected to compare the differences of antioxidant activity among different varie-ties.The activities of SOD and CAT and the contents of VC and flavone were also determined .The results showed that the antioxidant activity of red amaranth was higher than that of green amaranth , and that of micro-phyllous dandelion was higher than that of grandifoliate dandelion; the red amaranth had the highest antioxi-dant activity .The contents of main antioxidant components had large differences among the 4 potherbs , and their functions in total oxidation resistance needed further research.

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目的：建立检测五味子中非法添加色素苋菜红、日落黄、亮蓝的方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法-二极管阵列检测器（HPLC-PDA）法初步鉴定五味子中非法添加色素苋菜红、日落黄、亮蓝，并测定3种色素的含量。结果苋菜红、日落黄、亮蓝的最低检出限为2.0～5.0 ng，线性范围为0.025~0.75μg，加样回收率为94.43%～100.58%，相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于2.0%。结论此法简单、准确，可作为检测五味子中非法添加色素苋菜红、日落黄、亮蓝的有效方法。
Objective To develop a method for the detection of amaranth, sunset yellow and brilliant blue illegally added into Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. Methods HPLC-PDA was used for the preliminary identification and content determination of pigments mentioned above. Results For amaranth, sunset yellow and brilliant blue, the detection limits were in the range of 2.0-5.0 ng, the calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 0.025-0.75μg, the recoveries were from 94.43%to 100.58%, and the RSDs were lower than 2.0%. Conclusion The method is simple and accurate, which can be used for the detection of pigments illegally added into Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus.

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为了研究铜制剂是否会对蔬菜产量和品质产生影响，本研究以苋菜为材料，分析硫酸铜处理下苋菜种子萌发及幼苗生长和品质的变化。结果显示，硫酸铜的大量使用导致基质铜积累大幅提高。0.05～1.50 mmol/L硫酸铜处理对苋菜种子发芽率无显著影响，但其胚根和下胚轴的伸长受到了抑制，种子活力指数急剧下降。1.00～15.00 mmol/L硫酸铜处理下，苋菜幼苗没有表现出明显的毒性症状，但幼苗株高、叶面积、生物量、根系活力、光合色素含量、最大荧光、最大光化学效率和PSⅡ潜在活性均随着处理浓度的增加而降低；幼苗各器官铜含量及叶片丙二醛含量、电导率、O＋2含量、H2 O2含量、硝态氮含量和硝酸还原酶活性则是随着硫酸铜处理浓度的升高而升高。
To study the effects of copper agents on the yield and quality of vegetables, Amaranthus mangostanus was selected as materials to analyze the changes of seed germination, seedling growth, and quality with bluestone ( CuSO4 ) treatment. 0. 05-1. 50 mmol/L CuSO4 had no significant effect on the seed germination rate, but inhibited the radicle and hypocotyl elongations of A. mangostanus germinating seeds, and the seed vigor index dropped sharply. Seedlings under 1. 00-15. 00 mmol/L CuSO4 treatment showed no obvious toxic symptoms, but their heights, leaf areas, biomass, root ac-tivities, photosynthetic pigment contents, maximal fluorescence, maximal fluorescence efficiencies and PSⅡ potential ac-tivities decreased with the increase of CuSO4 concentration, and copper contents in different organs and malondialdehyde contents, electrical conductivities, O2·- contents, H2 O2 contents, nitrate contents and nitrate reductase activities in leaves increased with the increase of CuSO4

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通过不同剂量13％2甲4氯水剂及与48％灭草松水剂混用等处理来防除水稻田的耳叶水苋菜，进行药效对比试验。结果表明：在水稻分蘖盛期，3000、3750mL／hm^213％2甲4氯水剂对耳叶水苋菜有较好的防效，药后15d的防效分别达88．55％、91．04％，且安全性较好。
The efficacy of mixtures of agritox 13%AS ( MCPA) and bentazone 48%AS ( bentazone ) at different doses to control Ammannia arenaria was studied in rice fields.At the full tillering stage of rice,3 000,3 750 mL/hm2 application of Agritox 13%AS effectively controlled A.arenaria at levels of 89%and 91%at 15 days after application with selectivi-ty to rice.

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为了弄清南繁区转基因水稻田、非转基因水稻田和空白对照田杂草种类及发生情况，采取5点取样法，对3种田的田间杂草种类及危害情况进行了调查。结果表明：转基因水稻田有杂草19种，隶属11科，优势杂草为空心菜、牛毛毡、水莎草、莲子草、水苋菜、千金子，相对多度分别为37．58％、28．51％、26．24％、21．70％、21.62％、20．84％；非转基因水稻田主要杂草包括17种，隶属10科，优势杂草为空心菜、水莎草、牛毛毡、莲子草、水苋菜，相对多度分别为40．14％、29．83％、29．83％、24．11％、21．70％；空白对照田主要杂草包括12种，隶属8科，优势杂草为空心菜、水莎草、水苋菜、碎米莎草、莲子草、鳢肠，相对多度分别为60．28％、36．76％、34．98％、33.80％、29．11％、23．25％；水稻田（转基因水稻和非转基因水稻）中各优势杂草的危害程度明显低于空白对照；除了千金子，转基因水稻田中的优势杂草（空心菜、牛毛毡、水莎草、莲子草、水苋菜、碎米莎草、鳢肠）的危害程度均略低于对应的非转基因水稻。
Weeds species and their impact in paddy fields where transgenic and non-transgenic rice was grown and in blank control fields at the plant breeding base of Hainan Province were assessed using the“five point sampling” method. There were 19 weed species of 11 families in the transgenic rice field,of which the dominant wre Ipomoea aquatica Forsk, Eleocharis yokoscensis (Franch.et Sav.) Tang et Wang,Juncellus serotinus (Rottb.) C.B.Clarke,Alternanthera sessilis ( Linn.) DC.,Ammannia baccifera L.,and Leptochloa chinensis ( L.) Nees,whose relative abundance was 38%,28%, 26%,22%,22%,and 21%,respectively.There were 17 weed species of 10 families in non-transgenic rice fields,with control.Expect for L.chinensis,the damage caused by the dominant weeds in transgenic rice fields was slightly lower than that found in non-transgenic rice fields.

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建立了HPLC测定红葡萄酒中色素柠檬黄、苋菜红、日落黄、胭脂红含量的方法，采用色谱柱：THERMO C18（4.6 mm×250 mm，5μm），检测波长：254 nm，流量：1.0 mL/min，进样量：10μL，流动相：0.02 mol/L乙酸铵与甲醇。梯度条件为：甲醇20%-35%，3%/min；35%-98%，9%/min；98%继续6 min。结果表明：柠檬黄、苋菜红、胭脂红、日落黄在0-50μg/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系，Y=30264440X＋3047.2（R=0.9998）、Y=29741606.67X＋607.03（R=0.9998）、Y=28790266.67-6523.42（R=0.9998）、Y=25122776.67X＋1953.58（R=0.9998）。色素在24 h内稳定。本方法简单，快速、准确、重现性好，可以用作葡萄酒中色素的含量测定。
To establish high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination content of colorants in red wine, include Lemon yellow, Amaranth, Sunset yellow, Carmine. Thermo C18 column was used and the mobile phase was 0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate and methanol, flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, wavelength was UV at 254 nm and the sample volume was 10μL. Gradient conditions:methanol:20%-35%,3%/minutes;35%-98%,9%/minutes;98%remain 6 minutes. The results show that the Lemon yellow, Amaranth, Sunset yellow, Carmine concentration had good liner relationship from 0-50μg/mL, Y=30 264 440X+3 047.2 (R=0.999 8),Y=29 741 606.67X+607.03(R=0.999 8),Y=28 790 266.67-6 523.42(R=0.999 8),Y=25 122 776.67X+1 953.58(R=0.999 8). The colorants were stability in 24 hours. The method was simple, fast, accurate, and precise, could be use to determine content of colorants in red wine.

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采用田间小区试验方法，研究硝磺·氰草津对玉米田杂草的防除效果。结果表明，550g／L硝磺·氰草津悬浮剂825-1650ga．i．／hm^2能有效防除玉米田主要杂草，其中对玉米田中的反枝苋防效最理想，对牛筋草、铁苋菜防效较好，对马唐的防效稍差，且本试验剂量范围对玉米安全。
The efficacy of mesotrione plus cyanazine was determined in a corn field study .The mixture at 825~1 650 g a.i./hm2 effectively controlled the main weeds .Control of Amaranthus retroflexus was excellent and that of Eleusine in-dica and Acalyphaaustralis was adequate;however control of Digitaria sanguinalis was limited.At the dose range tested, the herbicide preparation was selective to corn .

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