介词在句法系统中占有重要地位，但是在不同的语言中介词的数量和虚化程度是不同的。介词主要由动词语法化而来，尤其是赋元动词。“以”、“用”、“持”、“取”、“捉”、“著”、“将”、“把”、“拿”、“使”这十个介词都是在连谓结构中由动词虚化而来，它们的宾语经常是工具成分，所以称之为工具义介词。这十个介词在相同的句法结构中标记相同的成分，但是它们的出现时间、发展过程以及发展结果都不尽相同。“以”和“用”产生最早，持续时间最长，“以”直到清代后期才消失，而“用”至今还在广泛使用。“持”在西汉萌芽，“取、捉、著、将”出现在中古汉语阶段；“把、使、拿”在唐宋时期才出现，相对较晚。除了“用”之外，其他介词存在的时间长短不一，但是最终都没有在普通话中保存下来，“捉、使、拿”在方言中仍有使用。
The prepositions occupy an important position in the syntactic system,but in different lan-guages the number of the prepositions and the degree of grammaticalization are different. Chinese has not rich morphological changes,so word order and function words occupy an important position. The prepositions mainly come from the grammaticalized verbs,especially role-assigning verbs. For exam-ple,“Yi”,“Yong”,“Chi”,“Qu”,“Zhuo”,“Zhe”,“Jiang”,“Ba”,“Na”and“Shi”are all from the verb blur in the continuous predicate structure,their objects are often the tool of components,so we call them tool meaning prepositions. Although these ten prepositions in the same syntax structure marK the same composition,their time of occurrence,the development process and the development results are different.“Yi”and“Yong”produce the earliest,the longest,“Yi”didn’t disappear until the late Qing Dynasty,and“Yong”are still widely used.“Chi”sprouted in the Western Han Dynas-ty,“Qu
