目的：采用多项客观指标综合评估脑瘫患儿视觉功能,探讨脑瘫患儿的视觉障碍的临床特点。方法：对43例86眼眼部有视觉障碍脑瘫患儿进行眼追随实验、视动性眼震、屈光、眼底、斜视、图形视觉诱发电位(pattern visual evoked potential,P-VEP)及头颅磁共振成像( magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)等客观指标检查；对脑瘫患儿的视觉功能进行综合评估,分析不同性质脑瘫患儿的视觉障碍发生特点和可能机制。结果：(1)43例86眼合并视觉障碍患儿中,25例50眼(58.1%)脑瘫患儿发现屈光不正；24例48眼(55.8%)患儿存在斜视；12例24眼(27.9%)患儿伴有眼球震颤；19例38眼(44.2%)眼底视神经萎缩或者发育异常；35例70眼(81.4%)患儿VEP表现为异常；其中痉挛型脑瘫患儿中视觉障碍发生率与其他各组差异有显著统计学意义(P0.05),皮质损害脑瘫患儿无眼球震颤发生。结论：脑瘫患儿的视觉障碍在临床常见,各类型脑瘫患儿视觉障碍发生率有差别并有着不同临床特点；客观综合指标评估方法对脑瘫患儿视觉功能评估准确可靠。

Abstract?AlM: To evaluate the visual impairment in cerebral palsy children with series objective indicators, and conclude their clinical features of visual function.? METHODS: Objective tests including following pursuing test, optokinetic nystagmus(OKN) drum test, refractive error examination, fundus examination, ocular deviation examination, pattern visual evoked potential ( P-VEP ) tests and brain magnetic resonance imaging ( MRl) were carried out in 43 cerebral palsy children ( 86 eyes ) with ocular visual dysfunction; The visual impairment data of the cerebral palsy children were collected, and the clinical features and possible mechanism were analyzed.?RESULTS: 1. Of the 43 cerebral palsy children ( 86 eyes) with the visual impairment presented diversified, 25 ( 50 eyes, 58. 1%) of refractive error, 24 ( 48 eyes, 55. 8%) of strabismus, 12 ( 24 eyes, 27. 9%) with nystagmus, 19 ( 38 eyes, 44. 2 %) of optical nerve atrophy or hyperplasia, 35 ( 70 eyes, 81. 4%) of VEP abnorm

了解脑瘫患儿常见的视觉障碍情况,为临床早期行眼部筛查、诊断及治疗提供依据,促进脑瘫患儿的视觉康复。方法:对223例确诊为脑瘫的患儿行眼部常规检查,包括眼位及眼球运动检查,间接检眼镜或RetcamⅡ检查眼底,散瞳验光检查了解屈光状态,闪光视觉诱发电位(FVEP)检查了解视觉通路传导,记录并分析常见的视觉障碍。结果:脑瘫患儿223例中,主要的视觉障碍表现为斜视、屈光不正及闪光视觉诱发电位的改变,部分患儿还同时伴有不同类型的眼底病变。其中有174例伴有不同类型的斜视,内斜最常见为121例,外斜次之为36例,垂直性斜视者15例,眼球震颤者2例。129例247眼存在屈光不正,复性远视散光118眼,单纯远视51眼,混合散光33眼,复性近视散光19眼,单纯远视散光21眼,单纯近视散光4眼,单纯近视1眼。194例381眼存在闪光视觉诱发电位的异常,主要表现为P2波的潜伏期延长,振幅降低。51例伴有不同类型的眼底改变,视神经萎缩及眼底出血最为常见。结论:脑瘫患儿常常伴发不同类型的视觉功能障碍,严重影响了患儿的视觉质量及全身康复,重视眼部常规检查及视觉训练,对患儿视觉系统的正常发育及脑瘫的全面康复具有重要的意义。

AIM: To understand the common conditions of visual impairment in cerebral palsy children, and to provide the basis for early screening of eyes, early diagnosis and treatment, and promote the visual rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy. METHODS:Two hundred and twenty-three children with cerebral palsy underwent routine ophthalmologic examination, including the position of eye and eyeball movement, indirect ophthalmoscopy or Retcam II fundus examination, mydriasis optometry check and flash-visual evoked potential ( F-VEP ) examination, and the results were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Strabismus, ametropia and changes of F-VEP were the mainly impairments in 223 children with cerebral palsy, and some children also were associated with ocular fundus disease.There were 174 children with different types of strabismus, including 121 children with esotropia, 36 children with exotropia, 15 children with vertical strabismus, and 2 children with nystagmus.There were 129 children ( 2

研究采用知觉学习经典范式中的视觉搜索任务探讨汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的知觉学习过程。研究考察了阅读障碍儿童与正常儿童在简单搜索任务、复杂搜索任务和限制时间的复杂搜索任务上的知觉学习特点。结果发现，阅读障碍儿童在复杂搜索任务中初始搜索时间显著长于正常控制组；在限制时间的复杂搜索任务中更进一步发现阅读障碍儿童的反应正确率显著低于正常控制组儿童；而且两组儿童视觉搜索任务的正确率与汉语阅读的识字量成绩存在显著相关。上述结果表明，汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童存在复杂搜索的知觉学习缺陷，这种缺陷可能在某种程度上与儿童的阅读技能发展有关。

As to the origin and mechanisms of developmental dyslexia, nonlinguistic framework proposes that the phonological and other deficits at the linguistic level may stem from more fundamental deficits in sensory information processing, including acoustic-auditory and auditory temporal processing and visual perceptual processing. Previous studies have shown that visual perceptual deficits of dyslexic children may stem from the deficit in processing more basic visual attributes, as basic visual features are fundamental to higher-level visual processing. Perceptual learning is the improvement of perceptual performance as a function of training (Gibson, 1969), which has been found in various visual tasks involving basic visual features. Here, using visual searching tasks, the main purpose of the present study was to investigate to what extent dyslexic children would show deficits in perceptual processing and learning and whether these deficits are related to their performance in linguistic tas

嗅觉是人类感觉功能之一,它同视觉、听觉一样,是人体获得外界信息的特殊装置。嗅觉障碍又称失嗅,古代医家有＂鼻聋＂的别称。鼻居于颜面中央,鼻粘膜暴露于开放环境中,极易受到外界因素的侵害,如空气污染、病毒感染等因素均可导致患者嗅觉功能的下降或丧失。现代医学依据发病部位将其分为呼吸性嗅觉障碍、感受性嗅觉障碍、颅内神经性嗅觉障碍和精神性嗅觉障碍。

The two most common categories of dysosmia in clinical are respiratory dysosmia and sensory dysosmia .The curative effect of western medicine on sensory dysosmia is not so well because of the unidentified etiology .But in my clinical experience , acupuncture therapy can get expected curative effect on this disease , now I will report it in this paper .

移动机器人立体视觉系统不仅提供三维地形图用于障碍规避和路径规划,其结果还可以用于视觉导航。以移动机器人立体视觉系统为基础,研究了基于前后两个位置上立体图对的视觉测量算法用于移动机器人的连续导航,讨论了影响导航精度的因素和改进方法;研究了基于局部和全局三维地形图的地形匹配算法用于定期校正位置误差,算法实现简便,定位精度取决于地形图精度。实验结果证明了两种方法的有效性,可以兼顾近距离和中远距离导航任务。

Mobile robot stereo vision system not only provides 3D terrain map to be used in obstacle avoiding and path planning,but also lays the base for visual navigation. The visual odometry algorithm based on two stereo pairs is studied for application in continuous navi-gation. The factors related to navigation precision are discussed and improvement measures are presented. A terrain matching algorithm based on local and global terrain map is proposed for application in positioning error correction. The algorithm is simple and convenient and its precision depends mainly on the precision of terrain map. Experiments with analog lunar terrain indicate that these two algorithms are effective and can be used in close range and long range navigation.