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双语推荐：词配

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成功的歌曲译配,要求译词既能准确传递原词的意义、神韵、风格,又能谐韵合乐,这几乎将译词与配乐的关系定性为矛与盾的关系。这一矛盾的解决有赖于译配策略的指导。歌曲的基本译配策略包括:音译、谐音赋义、嵌套、绎译、转译、归化直译、归化意译和代偿功能等。歌曲译配的难度在于既要使译词保留原词的文学性,又要兼顾其音乐性,选择恰当译配策略实现"译"与"乐"的"双剑合璧",才是歌曲译配的理想之途。
Song translation and dubbing requires that the translated lyrics not only faithfully convey the content,spirit and style of the original song but also make the translated words rhyme and tally with the music,which defines the relationship between translation and music as a contradiction.The resolution of this dilemma relies on translation and dubbing strategies. The basic strategies include transliteration, homophonic and meaning-supplying translation, corresponding translation, adaptation,conversion,domesticating combined with literal translation,domesticating combined with free translation and functional compensation.The difficulty,in the course of song translation and dubbing,is to give consideration to both of the translated lyrics’literariness and musicality.Selecting proper strategies to make translation combine with music harmoniously can be an ideal way.

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文章给出了“配套系”的定义，引证了中国学者提出的“配套系”一词相对应的英语表达词为hybrids和commercial line，分析了对配套系概念上的误解；阐明了为何要培育配套系，评价了配套系商品畜禽优势所在；借鉴国外经验，参照国家法规，结合作者见解，从培育程序（步骤）、工作流程与当前培育方法上存在问题三方面阐述了配套系的培育方法；提出了撰写猪配套系培育方案的参考体例；对今后猪配套系培育工作提出了建议。
This paper gives the definition of hybrids/commercial line, analyzes the people''s conceptual misunderstandings, expounds why do you want to develop the hybrid swine, and assesses the advantage and superiority of the hybrids.The developmental methods of commercial line including the work programme(steps),work flow and existing problems were discussed, the style and form of writing the"hybrid swine breeding scheme"was recommended. Some opinions and suggestions that relates to future breeding works of hybrid swine were also put forward.

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目前主流的词汇化句法分析方法仅仅考虑词语之间的语义依存关系,而没有引入语义搭配和语义类等语义信息./配价0是词语的一个比较本质的特点,一旦一个词语的配价结构确定下来,它应该和怎样的词进行搭配也就比较清楚了,从而也可以比较直接地导出句子的结构.本文结合中心词驱动句法分析模型,提出了基于配价结构和语义依存关系的句法分析模型.模型在规则的分解及概率计算中引入丰富的语义信息,既包括语义依存信息,也包括配价结构等语义搭配信息.用改进的句法分析模型进行句法分析实验,实验结果表明,精确率和召回率分别为88176%和87143%,综合指标F值比Collins的中心词驱动句法分析模型提高了6.65个百分点.
The mainstream lexicalized syntactic parsing models currently only utilized semantic dependency between words , and did not incorporate other semantic information such as semantic collocation and semantic category .“valency”is a essential se-mantic feature of words ,once the valency of word is determined ,the collocation of the word is clear ,and the sentence structure can be directly derived .Thus a syntactic parsing model combining valence structure with semantic dependency is purposed on the base of head-driven statistical syntactic parsing models .The parsing model incorporates rich semantic information including semantic depen-dency and semantic collocation in the decomposition and probability computation of the rules .Experiments are conducted for the re-fined statistical parser ,it achieves 88.76% precision and 87.43% recall ,F measure is improved 6.65% comparing with the head-driven parsing model introduced by Collins .

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基于日本国立国语研究所和 L ag o 语言研究所共同开发的日语在线检索系统N LB对近义词「小さい」和「小さな」后续名词的词配异同进行了考察。通过对N LB系统自动呈现的各词配的频数、M I值和LD值的分析，得出以下结论：（1）与「小さい」「小さな」搭配均显著的名词有「子供」「?」「女の子」「虬」，二者语感的区别在于，前者为客观表述，后者则包含爱心、眷恋等心理倾向；（2）与「小さい」搭配显著的名词多表年龄、成长的意义，如：「頃／ころ」「とき」「お子さん」「娘」等；（3）与「小さな」搭配显著的名词多表示形态、容量的大小，如「町」「花」「穴」「村」「店」「島」等，「小さな」修饰名词，主要用于对对象的心理倾向，特别是对形态小的事物暗示爱心或眷恋。
T he similarities and differences of the nouns usage in 「小さ い」 and「小さ な」 collocations are studied based on the Online Japanese Retrieval System NLB ,which is developed by the National Institute for Japanese Language and Lago Institute for Language .By analyzing the frequencies of each word collocations ,MI values and LD values ,we draw the following conclusions :(1) The nouns collocate with 「小さ い」 and「小さ な」are「子供」「?」「女の子」「虬」 ,and their differences are that the former collocations are objective statements ,w hile the latter include love ,cherish and other psy‐chological tendencies .(2) The nouns collocate with 「小さ い」are usually related to ages and growth , such as :「頃/こ ろ」「と き」「お子さ ん」「娘」 and so on .(3)The nouns collocate with 「小さ な」 are usually connected with the shape ,size ,capacity ,such as「町」「花」「穴」「村」「店」「島」 and so on . Moreover ,「小さ な」 modifies nouns to show the psychological tendencies f

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如果我们从莫斯科语义学派义素分析法对兼有动词义和名词义的概念"误译"进行分析,则"误译"的客观意义由它自身的概念语义和反映情景参与者的配价语义两方面组成,"主体、客体、受体、行为、结果"五要素是"误译"的语义配价,填上相应的题元词就构成"误译"的表层句法结构。由此得出"误译"的定义是人或机器在将甲语转化为乙语的过程中偏离、遗漏或歪曲甲语文化信息,导致译语与原语信息量不等,译语受众无法获得与原语受众极似的交际效果的活动。
Based on the componential analysis of Moscow Semantic School, this paper aims to analyze the “mistranslation” in the case when it can be used both as a noun and a verb.The objective meaning of“mistranslation” is composed of its semantic concept and semantic valence which reflects contextual participants.The subject, object, recipient, act and result, functioning as five semantic valences, constitute the surface syntactic structure of the“mistranslation” when filled in the corresponding origi-nal words.Therefore, the definition of“mistranslation” can be concluded as:in the process of translation from language A to language B, the activities of people or machine deviate, omit or distort the cultural information of language A, which leads to information differences between the target language and the source language, thus the target language audiences are not able to get the similar communication effect as the source language audiences do.

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构建维吾尔语框架语义知识库是自然语言处理的基础性工程，目前大部分工作基于人工。从真实语料库中抽取包含将要描述词元的例句，为例句标注以及这些例句的配价模式进行深入研究，从标注好的维吾尔语例句中提取维吾尔语词元和例句填充到维吾尔语框架库，构建维吾尔语词元库和例句库，实现维吾尔语语义框架网络的自动构造之目的。本文对维吾尔语真实语料库中抽取的例句中标注对象进行初步分析，论述了人机交互式基于阿拉伯字符的UFN例句辅助标注系统的功能模块设计和工作流程。介绍了UFN例句辅助标注系统的例句标注界面和词元标注报告、词条报告的自动生成演示界面。
Construct Uyghur frame semantic knowledge base is a basic pro ject in natural language pro-cessing, at present most of work is based on artificial. Extract sample sentence from real corpus, which contains the describe lexical unit, for depth studied in annotation sentence and valency patterns of these sentence, extracted Uyghur lexical unit from annotated sentence, and sample sentence filled to frame corpus, construct the Uyghur lexicon corpus and sentence corpus, will achieve the Uyghur frame semantic network automatically construct purpose. In this paper makes a preliminary analysis the annotation object of the sentence which extracted from Uyghur real corpus, discuss the design and work process of the man-machine UFN interactive system that based Arabic character. Introduce the sentence annotation window of the UFN man-machine interactive system and lexical unit report, automatically generated demo of the lexical extry report.

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目的 评价注射用丹参多酚酸盐的安全性.方法 利用中国期刊全文数据库、万方数字化期刊全文库等文献数据库进行检索,以“丹参多酚酸盐”为检索词,检索注射用丹参多酚酸盐配伍安全性的文献,归类并分析,以配伍液有无颜色变化、气泡、混浊或沉淀产生为观察指标.结果 共检出相关论文34篇,剔除重复报道,共查阅有效文献31篇,共计有18种药物与注射用丹参多酚酸盐存在配伍禁忌,多为丹参多酚酸盐40 ～ 200 mg溶解于100～250 ml的0.9％氯化钠注射液或5％葡萄糖注射液中,其中浓度最高为2.0 g/L,大多为0.8 g/L.主要表现为连续输注时输液管及墨菲管中液体立即出现变色或混浊,发生在两药配伍加药时l例,发生在输液过程中从墨菲管直接推注时2例,发生在配伍实验时7例,发生在更换输液或连续输注时24例.与注射用丹参多酚酸盐有配伍禁忌的药物中,抗菌药物6类,8个品种,包括喹诺酮类3种(左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、莫西沙星)、抗真菌药1种(卡泊芬净)、四环素类1种(替加环素)、青霉素类1种(阿莫西林钠氟氯西林钠)、头孢菌素类1种(头孢美唑钠)、氨基糖苷类1种(依替米星).注射用丹参多酚酸盐与抗菌药物类发生配伍禁忌共17例,喹诺酮类报道反应最多,有12例,其中左氧氟沙星有8例.注射用丹参多酚酸盐与非
Objective To monitor the safety of savianolate Injections.Methods The literatures of the safety of savianolate Injections were searched from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and WANFANG Med Online with " savianolate" as the keyword.Results Thirty four literatures were included and 18 medicines were reported incompatible with salvianolate.40-200 mg of salvianolate was dissolved in 100-250 ml of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution or 5％ glucose solution.The concentration was 0.8 g/L with the highest of 2.0 g/L.The common phenomenon of incompatibility was color change or turbidity in the infusion tube and the Murphy''s tube.1 case of incompatibility occurred when two drugs were mixed.Regarding the drugs which were incompatible with salvianolate,there were 6 different types of antibacterial drugs,including 3 quinolones (levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,moxifloxacin),1 antifungal drug (caspofungin),1 tetracycline (tigecycline),1 penicillins (amoxicillin flucloxacillin sodium),1 cepha

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目的：分析复方丹参注射液的不良反应情况、特点及规律，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法以复方丹参注射液为检索词，检索中国学术期刊数据库(万方数据库)、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、维普中文科技期刊数据库1989－2013年的不良反应病例报道，记录患者年龄、性别、病史、用药剂量、用药时间、不良反应类型的相关数据，并进行分析。结果共检索121篇文献，148份病历。复方丹参注射液的不良反应发生率男性高于女性，因原发病史多为心脑血管疾病，年龄偏高，故与年龄无必然联系；不良反应发生时间多发在用药后5～20 min，不良反应为主要过敏反应。结论复方丹参注射液临床应用时，应注意患者体质、性别与用药时间，减少配伍应用，以减少不良反应的发生。
Objective In order to investigate the situation application of compound Danshen injection (CDI) in the treatment and to provide reference for clinical rational use.Methods Adverse drug reactions (ADR) report literatures through WANFANG DATA, VIP DATA and CNKI from 1989 to 2013 with (CDI) were retrieved the data including patient age, gender, medical history, dosage, medication time and ADR type were got and analyzed.Results One hundred and twenty-one literatures with one hundred and forty-eight ADR report cases wore retrieved. The ADR of (CDI) rate of male was higher than female. The original disease causes were cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The age, a rather elderly bunch, was not associated with the disease. The frequent onest time of adverse reaction was in 5-20 min after medication, and allergic reaction was the main adverse reaction.Conclusion The ADR of CDI should not be ignored. Patients constitution, gender, medication time and the combined application

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背景：雌激素通过成骨细胞、破骨细胞、细胞分泌的因子，以及多条骨代谢调控途径参与了骨关节炎骨代谢的调控。目的：综合阐述雌激素及雌激素相关化合物在关节保护、骨与软骨细胞的修复、滑膜炎症的抑制等方面对骨关节炎的作用。方法：作者检索1992至2014年PubMed、Embase、Elseveir数据库文献。检索词为：“Osteoarthritis， Estrogens，Matrix Metal oproteinases，Interleukins，Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha”。按照事先制定的标准逐一评价纳入研究的文献，提取有效资料进行综合分析。结果与结论：雌激素可通过增加成骨细胞中骨保护素和核因子κB受体活化因子配体的表达，抑制破骨性骨吸收，防止骨关节炎的发生和进展。雌激素能上调抗破骨细胞的细胞因子，而下调亲破骨细胞的细胞因子，通过Wnt与骨形态发生蛋白信号系统也参与骨关节炎患者骨代谢的调控。雌激素可以通过下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的作用促进肾上腺皮质分泌糖皮质激素，从而间接抑制基质金属蛋白酶类的产生，对关节软骨起到保护作用。外源性雌激素通过抑制骨的吸收可能会有助于延缓骨关节炎的发展。雌激素和雌激素相关的化合物在骨关节炎进展的后期阶段可能会抑制滑膜炎症和炎症递质导致的软骨流失。
BACKGROUND:The bone metabolism of osteoarthritis is regulated by estrogen with osteoblasts, osteoclasts and cytokines, as wel as a number of regulatory pathways. OBJECTIVE:To describe the role of estrogen and estrogen-related compounds for joint protection, repair of bone and cartilage cells, and inhibition of synovitis in osteoarthritis. METHODS:Author researched PubMed, Embase, Elseveir database from 1992 to 2014, with the key words of“osteoarthritis, estrogens, matrix metal oproteinases, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha”. After the quality of the included studies was evaluation, valid data were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Estrogen can increase the expression of osteoprotegerin and nuclear factor-κB factor ligands in osteoblasts, inhibit bone resorption, prevent the onset and progression of osteoarthritis. Estrogen upregulates anti-osteoclast cytokines, downregulates pro-osteoclast factors, and contribute to regulate bone metabolism of osteoar

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背景：在全世界范围内创伤导致的脊髓损伤使每年超过18万人出现永久性的功能障碍。近年来大量实验证实，生理条件下MicroRNA在神经系统存在特异性表达并发挥重要作用。目的：论述损伤如何影响MicroRNA的表达和在脊髓损伤中这些变化的病理生理学意义及miRNA在组织工程化和临床脊髓损伤修复中的发展潜力。方法：通过计算机检索2000年1月至2014年12月PubMed和中国期刊数据库中的相关文章，检索词为“SCI， microRNA，Transcriptional control，Clinical research progress”，“脊髓损伤、微小RNA、转录调控和临床应用”，最终选定38篇文章作为文章参考文献。结果与结论：最初的机械损伤引发了一系列复杂的二次伤害，其中包括神经、血管和免疫系统，这在很大程度上影响了脊髓功能损伤的严重程度。脊髓二次损伤主要取决于与细胞生化机制相关的某些特定基因的激活与失活，如半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶(caspase)基因家族，凋亡相关蛋白Fas及其配体Fasl系统，p53基因、凋亡相关基因bcl-2家族等。近期的研究证明，MicroRNA表达功能的激活在脊髓损伤起到关键作用。随着生物信息工程的发展，与MicroRNA相关的研究和控制表达技术逐步被人们所掌控，部分基于MicroRNA技术的临床应用已经进入临床试验阶段，相信随着技术的发展和成本的不断降低，未来人类通过 MicroRNA相关技术在基因水平调节和修复脊髓损伤所遗留下的永久性功能障碍。
BACKGROUND:In the whole world, spinal cord injuries caused by trauma lead to more than 180 000 people presenting with permanent impairment annualy. A large number of experiments have confirmed in recent years, under physiological conditions, microRNA has specific expression and plays an important role in the nervous system. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the changes in microRNA expression induced by injuries as wel as the pathophysiological significance in spinal cord injury, and to explore the development potential of microRNA in tissue-engineered and clinical repair of spinal cord injury. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and Chinese Journal Database was performed for related articles published from January 2000 to December 2014 using the keywords of “SCI, microRNA,transcriptional control, clinical research progress” in English and Chinese. Finaly, 38 articles were included for result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mechanical injury initialy triggers a series of complex

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