由于书面语料记录语言的随机性,要更全面深入了解近代汉语的语言现象,有必要发掘更多中古文献中的语言事实。文章在讨论不同类型语料在语言研究中价值略有侧重的基础上,以齐梁陶弘景纂修的《真诰》为例,从一般语词和专门语词两方面论述了中古道经在近代汉语语词溯源方面的作用:中古道经在一般语词溯源上作用巨大;而在专门语词研究上,则应当成为主要的依托材料。

Due to the randomness of written records of language,a more comprehensive understanding of linguistic phenomena of modern Chinese demands further probes into language facts in medieval litera-ture.Based on a discussion of respective roles of different linguistic data in language studies and on a case study of ZhenGao (AuthenticAdmonitions)compiled by Tao Hongjing of Qi and Laing dynasties,this pa-per expounds on the function of medieval Taoism scriptures in the source of modern Chinese words in terms of general and specific words,that is,medieval Taoism scriptures function much in the source of common words,while they can be major reliable data for studying specific words.

通过把"证据"界定为一个语词,追溯"证据"一词在中西普通辞典中的释义历史,分析得出证据语词在中西语言中兼有动词与名词的双重属性,各以语族而非单一语词形式出现。中文强调了指称行为(证明活动),而西文更注重指称性质(明显性)。迄至当代,中西证据语词在指称外在可见的事物上基本达成一致。由之分析证据释义形式,可知因语词定义与真实定义的区别,证据的情境性、释义历史性等特点,证据只有在证据活动中才能被认识,从而证据定义问题在很大程度上被转化为一个证据(符号)如何使用(指称与表达)的问题,人对证据概念的认知程度将限定着证据概念的呈现程度。

Starting from a historical standpoint, we retrace changes in definition of "evidence" in the East and West and focus on the symbolic evidence in the form of language. As a word, evidence has different meanings in Chinese and Western languages. And in the process of historical changes, its form, meaning, and grammar have been undergoing subtle changes. There is no permanent ifxed word of"evidence". But indeed in historical changes and in interpersonal communications, the evidence gradually tends to indicate such external visible things that could assist people to achieve an effective communication on the basis of external things. However, evidence in Chinese is said to emphasize its activity (to prove activity), while in Western languages it emphasizes the nature of evidence (obviousness). As to today''s"evidence"in China, its meaning mainly focuses on visible things because of the inlfuence of Western ideas, and then there is a basic agreement about evidence''s deifnition abo

提因声求义法是一种重要的训诂方法，破假借、求本字在疑难语词考释中的作用尤为突出。本文利用破假借的方法考释了出现于道经文献中的九个疑难语词的意义，以期为道经的研读提供参考。

Seeking meanings of words through sounds is a very important method in exegetical practice, the effect to get rid of the borrowed words and get the real words is especially clear in the process of seeking meanings. This paper explains the nine difficult words appearing in the Taoist literature according to this method,in order to provide reference for the studying of Taoist literature.

六盘水方言属于北方方言中的西南次方言，其语音、词汇遗存了古代汉语某些特点。通过对六盘水方言音系与中古音系的比较，从声韵调方面分析其方音中存古现象；通过例举考释六盘水方言中的部分古语词，说明其对古汉语语词的传承。

Liupanshui dialect belongs to the southwest sub-dialects of northern dialect,and its phonetics and vocabulary remains of some ancient Chinese characteristics. Comparing with middle Chinese phonology,the present paper analysis of the phenomenon of ancient tones in Liupanshui dialect;Through textual part of the ancient words in Liupanshui dialect ,it tries to explain the words of the ancient Chinese tradition.

词汇的正确理解及使用,是跨文化交际中的重要因素之一。英语教师在进行词汇教学时,不仅应说明该英语词在特定语言环境的意思是什么,还应讲明如何使用该词才得体、它的文化"预设"是什么,如此才能有效提高学生对英语词准确理解及得体使用的能力。

True understanding and usage of vocabulary is one of essential factors of cross -cultural com-munication .When an English teacher is teaching vocabulary , the teacher should explain not only the meaning of the word in specific communicative circumstance , but also how to use it more decently and its cultural back-ground designing .If we do like above , we can help the students improve the understanding of a word and the a-bility of using a word effectively .