镉(Cd)是毒性最强的重金属元素之一,具有稳定、积累和不易消除等特性,进入土壤环境中易被植物吸收,并可通过食物链进入人体,在人体内不断积累,严重威胁人体健康及生命安全。植物修复技术(Phytoremediation)是近年来发展起来的一种主要用于清除土壤重金属污染的绿色生态技术。植物修复技术的核心是找到超富集植物(Hyperaccumulator),但现已知的超富集植物往往存在生物量低、生长缓慢、地域性较强和修复时间较长等缺陷,且研究对象多集中矿区及草本植物,而对木本植物的研究甚少,因此有必要针对这一问题开展相关研究以丰富超富集植物的种类。为此,本文采用水培和土培相结合的试验方法,研究木本植物忍冬Lonicera japonica Thunb.对不同浓度镉(Cd)的生长响应及积累特性。结果表明:不同浓度的Cd处理对忍冬的生长并未造成毒害症状,表现为其根部和地上部生物量与对照相比并无显著差异。无论水培还是土培生长条件下,在较高浓度的Cd处理下,忍冬仍能保持正常生长,表现出很好的耐性。在水培条件下,当营养液中Cd处理浓度为25 mg.L-1时,忍冬地上部中Cd含量接近300.00μg.g-1;而在土培条件下,当土壤中Cd处理浓度为50 mg.kg-1时,其地上部中Cd含量仍远远高于Cd超富集植物的临界含量标准,即地上部分富集Cd超过100μg.g-1,且其具有较高的耐性系数(index oftolerance,IT均超过0.80)和富集系数(bioaccumulation factor,BF均远超过1.00),这表明忍冬具备了Cd超富集植物的特征,是一种新发现的Cd超富集植物,将其应用于Cd污染土壤修复具有重要的现实意义。

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metal elements, which is stable, accumulated and uneasy to eliminate, easily absorbed by plants in the soil environment. Cd can enter the body through the food chain, continue to accumulate in the body, and cause a serious threat to human health and life safety. Phytoremediation has been considered as a green ecological technology in recent years, which is mainly used for removal of heavy metal contaminated soils. The core of phytoremediation technology is to find the hyperaccumulators, but now known hyperaccumulators are often low biomass, slow growth, strong geographical distribution and long remediation period. At the same time, many studies focus on plants in mining area and herbs, and little informantion on woody plants, so it is necessary to do the related study and enrich the hyperaccumulator species. Therefore, the growth responses and accumulation characteristics of Lonicera japonica Thunb. to different concentrations cadmium (Cd) we

为了研究对氯酚（4-CP）、2，4-二氯酚（2，4-DCP）、2，4，6-三氯酚（2，4，6-TCP）对斑马鱼的生理毒性作用，以7 d富集系数（ KBCF ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ SOD）活性为评价指标，采用半静态试验法对斑马鱼进行驯养和试验，测定斑马鱼对3种氯酚的7 d KBCF ，同时测定不同浓度条件下，暴露1 d和7 d，斑马鱼体内SOD酶活性。结果表明，4-CP、2，4-DCP和2，4，6-TCP的7 d KBCF分别为33.65±5.29、65.54±10.49和128.05±39.83，富集能力表现为4-CP （无富集）＜2，4-DCP（轻度富集）＜2，4，6-TCP（轻度富集）；斑马鱼对氯代酚类物质的富集性与氯酚类物质氯原子取代个数正相关。3种氯酚胁迫斑马鱼结果表明，暴露1d表现为诱导-抑制效应，暴露7d表现为抑制效应，酶活性变化显著。

To study the physio-toxicity effect of 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorphenol on zebrafish, the evaluation indicator of 7 d KBCF and SOD activity with different exposure concentrations were determined using zebrafish by semi-static test.The results showed that the 7 d KBCF of 4-CP, 2, 4-DCP and 2,4,6-TCP to zebrafish were 33.65 ±5.29, 65.54 ±10.49 and 128.05 ±39.83, respectively, and the bioconcentration factor followed the order of 4-CP <2, 4-DCP <2, 4, 6-TCP. The bioconcentration of the chlorophenols to zebrafish and the numbers of chloro derivatives had positive correlation .The results of stress action test of the chlorophenols to zebrafish showed that the effect at 1 d was induction-inhibition and at 7 d the effect was inhibition , indicating significant variation of SOD activity .

植物修复技术被广泛应用于污水生态系统的修复.污水植物修复技术的机理主要有植物提取、植物固定、植物挥发、根际过滤和植物转化.目前在污水前处理技术、超富集植物选育、工程实践、超富集植物的安全处理等方面都进行了广泛的研究.在今后的污水植物修复技术研究中应注意三方面的问题:植物的地域适应性,防止生物入侵,兼顾经济效益和生态效益.

Phytoremediation technology was widely used in sewage ecosystem restoration.The major phytoremediation processes or technologies arephytoextaction,phytostabilization,phytovolatilization,rhizofiltration and phytodegradation. At present some research have carried out in the sewage pretreatment technology,hyperaccumulator breeding, engineering practice,safe handling of hyperaccumulators and other aspects.In the future,the wastewater phytoremediation research should pay attention to the following three aspects plant geographical adaptability,biological invasions,the economic and ecological benefits.

研究通过测定栽培在铅锌矿渣中的8种木本植物体内的Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd含量,分析比较了其吸收和富集4种重金属的能力。结果表明:Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd主要富集在植物根部,只有很少一部分重金属转移到植物地上部组织中,8种植物并非超富集植物,实地植物修复中可选取光皮树、黧蒴栲、楠木以及杜鹃作为修复铅锌污染土壤的潜力树种。

Through the determination of heavy metals contents of Pb , Zn, Cu and Cd in 8 kinds of woody plants that planted in lead/zinc mine tailing slag, the plants''capacity for uptaking and accumulating the heavy metals were analyzed and compared . The results showed that Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd mainly accumulated in plant roots and a small amount of heavy metal transferred to aboveground tissues, none of those plants are hyperaccumulators.Swida wilsoniana, castanopsis fissa, phoebe zhennan and azalea can be used as potential phytoremediation species in lead/zinc contaminated soil restoration.

通过盆栽试验研究了不同镉浓度处理下旱莲草的镉富集特性。结果表明:随土壤镉浓度的增加,旱莲草生物量、株高、根长、叶绿素SPAD值、抗性系数都呈下降趋势,而根系和地上部镉含量呈增加的趋势。在土壤镉浓度为大于50 mg/kg时,旱莲草地上部分镉含量均大于镉超富集植物临界值(100 mg/kg)。在不同的土壤镉浓度处理下,旱莲草根系和地上部分镉富集系数(BCF)大于1,但转运系数(TF)小于1。旱莲草地上部分镉积累量最大值为38.06μg/株(土壤镉浓度为25 mg/kg)。小区试验研究表明,在土壤镉浓度为2.04~2.89 mg/kg时,旱莲草地上部分镉积累量为0.393~0.435 mg/m2。因此,旱莲草是一种镉富集植物,具有较好的镉富集能力,可用于农田镉污染土壤修复。

In this study,we grew this plant in soil containing various concentrations of cadmium to further eval-uate its cadmium accumulation characteristics. The results showed that the biomass,height,root length,chlorophyll SPAD value and the resistance coefficient decreased with the increase of cadmium concentration in soil,while the cadmium contents in root and shoot of E. prostrata increased. The cadmium contents in shoot and root of E. prostrata exceeded 100 mg/kg when the dose of cadmium was more than 50 mg/kg in soil,and the BCFs of root and shoot were greater than 1 and the TF was less than 1. The maximum of cadmium accumulation in shoot of E. prostrata was 38. 06μg/plant (The dose of cadmium was 25 mg/kg in soil). In the plot experiment,when cadmium concentrations of soil were 2. 04-2. 89 mg/kg,the cadmium accumulations in shoot of E. prostrata were 0. 393 -0. 435 mg/m2. Therefore,Eclipta prostrata L. is a Cd-accumulator plant with better capability and could be used to reme