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双语推荐：轨枕

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减振型无砟轨道形式较多,典型的有弹性支承块式轨枕和SAT S312双体轨枕,以及一种新型的减振型轨枕——弹性长枕。为了给无砟轨道设计中轨枕形式及参数的选取提供参考,通过建立弹性长枕的三维有限元模型,考虑避免弹性长枕结构与线路激振发生共振,从弹性长枕的枕下胶垫刚度、侧面套靴刚度、埋深及支撑长度4个方面进行模态分析,给出弹性长枕合理的参数匹配,再对3种轨枕做出对比分析。结果表明:3种减振型轨枕中,弹性长枕的结构最优,SAT S312双体轨枕次之,弹性支承块式轨枕最差。
Low vibration track system ( LVT) has many forms, including typically elastic supporting block sleeper, SAT S312 sleeper, and a new low vibration sleeper-elastic long sleeper. In order to provide references for design of ballastless track in selecting sleeper and parameters, a 3D finite element model of elastic long sleeper is established to conduct modal analysis in perspectives of rubber pad stiffness, boots side stiffness, buried depth and supporting length of the elastic long sleeper, in order that the resonance between elastic long sleeper and the track can be avoided. As a result, reasonable matching parameters are obtained. And then, three types of sleepers are compared and analyzed. The results show that, of the three types of sleepers, the structure of elastic long sleeper is the best, SAT S312 sleeper is the second, and the elastic supporting block sleeper comes the last.

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本文通过对上海地铁二号线整体道床混凝土长轨枕断裂的内在原因的分析研究，确定整体道床下空洞致轨枕支撑情况的改变是造成轨枕断裂的主因。轨枕离缝、钢轨接头震动荷载及地下水侵蚀是间接引起和加速断裂的辅因，并提出了预防轨枕断裂的建议。
This paper, through analysis and research on the intrinsic reason of fracture of long concrete sleeper of mono- lithic track bed of Shanghai metro line two, found out that the fracture of sleeper is due to the sleeper support conditions cha- nge caused by cavities under monolithic track bed. The devi- ation of sleeper from seam, rail joint vibration loads and grou- ndwater erosion is the indirect cause and accelerates the brea- king of the cofactor. The author puts forward some prevention suggestions for sleeper fracture.

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在重载铁路有砟轨道区段铺设弹性轨枕可有效降低轮轨相互作用，减缓桥隧区段道砟粉化，从而延长轨道结构养护维修周期。有砟轨道弹性轨枕枕下垫层静刚度值是结构体系中的重要参数，直接影响弹性轨枕的应用效果。我国早期制定的标准中弹性轨枕枕下垫层静刚度试验方法不尽合理。本文在总结对比国内外标准的基础上，结合室内试验，对弹性轨枕枕下垫层静刚度试验方法从枕下垫层静刚度大小的评估方法、试件的制作及支承状态、静刚度计算时荷载取值范围三个方面进行了优化，可为我国重载铁路有砟轨道弹性轨枕结构设计提供参考。
T he laying of elastic sleepers in heavy haul railw ay ballasted track section can effectively reduce the w heel rail interaction,decrease the ballast powder of bridge and tunnel section and extend the maintenance and repair cycle of the track structure. T he static stiffness value of the pad under the elastic sleeper on railw ay ballasted track is an important parameter in structural systems and can directly influence the application effects of elastic sleeper. T he static stiffness test method of the pad under the elastic sleeper in our country early standard is not reasonable. Based on the comparison of domestic and foreign standards,this paper optimized the static stiffness test method from such three aspects as static stiffness evaluation method of the pad under the elastic sleeper,specimen manufacture and support state,and load value range for static stiffness calculation combing with laboratory test,which could provide a reference for elastic sleeper structure design o

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参考国内地铁混凝土轨枕的预制技术,结合长沙地铁2号线地铁混凝土轨枕的技术要求及多年来轨枕产品的生产工艺,研制长沙地铁2号线地铁混凝土轨枕的工艺工装,重点研究成组联整体模型和生产工艺。通过成组联整体模型的成功研制,克服了目前地铁混凝土轨枕生产中存在的功效低、成本高的缺陷,为地铁建设提供了有利保证。
With reference to domestic techniques for the prefabrication of subway concrete sleepers, and following the technical requirements for the production of concrete sleeper for Changsha Subway Line 2 and the years'' experiences in this regard, a processing model is developed, focusing on grouped and integrated model and production processes. The success of the model helps overcome such current problems as low efficiency and high cost, and contributes to subway construction.

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根据南京地铁机场线的主要技术标准,详细介绍埋入式预应力混凝土长轨枕的结构设计,包括外形选择、外弯矩计算、轨下及枕中截面承载力计算、静载试验值计算等,确定了整体道床埋入式预应力混凝土长轨枕的基本设计方法,为今后其他线的长轨枕设计提供参考。
According to the major technical standards of the Airport Line of Nanjing Metro, the structure design of embedded prestressed-concrete long sleepers was introduced in this paper, including the selection of shape, the calculation of bending moment of external load, the calculation of bearing capacity of the under-rail section and the mid-sleeper section, the calculation of static load test value and so on. As a result, a basic method for designing the embedded prestressed-concrete long sleeper of monolithic track bed was determined in this paper, providing reference for long sleeper design of other similar projects in future.

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纵向轨枕轨道结构改用预制混凝土纵梁连续支撑的结构设计,故预制轨枕与道床板的新旧混凝土界面是结构稳定分析不可回避的因素。为了分析新旧混凝土界面对整体结构的影响,并为纵向轨枕式无砟轨道设计提供相关参考,通过建立纵向轨枕式无砟轨道的二维有限元计算模型进行研究。结果表明:纵向轨枕式无砟轨道在列车荷载和温度变化作用下,轨枕与道床板界面附近会出现纵向裂缝,并裂缝加快扩展。界面裂缝对轨道内部应力分布影响很大,对钢轨扭转有一定影响。
The change of longitudinal sleeper track structure ballastless to precast concrete longitudinal continuous support structure has made the structural stability an inevitable factor to be analyzed in the interface between precast sleeper and track slab with new and old concretes. In order to analyze the impact in the interface with new and old concretes on the overall structure, and provide reference for the longitudinal sleeper ballastless track design, a two-dimensional finite element modeling longitudinal sleeper Ballastless model is established for research. The results show that, around the interface between sleeper and slab, cracks may appear under train load and the effect of temperature change and develop quickly. Cracks in interface have a considerable impact on internal stress distribution in the track, and also certain impact on rail twisting.

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在苏州轨道交通1号线滨河路至塔园路上行隧道内,采用锤击法分别测试短轨枕断面(III型减振器扣件+短轨枕式整体道床)和长轨枕断面(普通扣件+长轨枕式整体道床)钢轨上激励点至钢轨、轨枕、道床以及隧道侧壁的振动传递。测试结果表明,扣件对于钢轨振动的衰减主要体现在小于100 Hz的低频段,而轨枕对频率大于100 Hz的振动有相对好的衰减效果。对比两个断面中钢轨测点至道床的传递函数,III型减振器扣件+短轨枕式整体道床具有更好的减振效果,在40Hz~80Hz频段的振动峰值衰减10 dB左右。
In order to study the effect of different damping measures of Suzhou No. 1 Metro, hammering method is used to test the function of vibration transfer from the excitation point of the rail to the rail, sleeper, ballast bed and tunnel’s sidewall of the short sleeper section (type III shock absorber fastener and short sleeper monolithic roadbed) and the long sleeper section (plain fastener and long sleeper monolithic roadbed). The results show that, the rail vibration attenuation effect of the fasteners is mainly reflected in the low frequency range below 100 Hz, while the sleeper has good damping effect in the frequency range above 100 Hz. Comparing the vibration transfer functions of the two test sections, it is found that type III shock absorber fastener and elastic short sleeper monolithic roadbed have better damping effect than the other in the particularly concerned frequency range of 40 Hz-80 Hz, and the peak vibration value can be reduced by 10 dB.

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为了提升现有梯形轨枕轨道的减振效果，研究金属橡胶-碟簧复合减振器在梯形轨枕轨道中的应用，以及为复合减振器的设计提供依据，根据金属橡胶-碟簧复合减振器的载荷-位移曲线形状特点，对载荷-位移曲线进行适当简化，利用有限元仿真软件建立车辆-梯形轨枕轨道耦合动力学模型和梯形轨枕-道床-大地模型，将车辆-梯形轨枕轨道耦合动力学模型中的轮轨力施加到梯形轨枕-道床-大地模型中，取距离轨道中心线5m处的地面节点的垂向加速度时程曲线及其幅频谱作为分析数据。计算表明，金属橡胶-碟簧复合减振器可以起到提升减振效果的作用，相对于线性减振垫，复合减振器可以使距离轨道中心线5m处的地面节点垂向加速度有效值减小11％。对金属橡胶-碟簧复合减振器的设计具有一定参考价值，对提高现有梯形轨枕轨道的减振效果具有一定促进作用。
In order to improve the anti-vibration effect of the existing ladder sleeper track ,research the effect of the ladder sleeper track with the metal rubber-disc spring composite isolators ,and provide a basis for the design of the composite isolator ,built the vehicle-ladder sleeper track coupling system and the ladder sleeper track-track bed-earth system with the composite isolators by finite element simulation software .The load-displacement curve of the composite isolator was simplified as a piecewise linearity curve according to its shape .The wheel-rail force from the vehicle-track coupling system was applied to the ladder sleeper track-track bed-earth system.The vertical acceleration of the node which spaced out the track center line five meters and its amplitude -frequency curve were used as the analytical data .The calculations show that the metal rubber-disc spring composite isolator is a-ble to improve the anti-vibration effect of the track .Relative to the linear vibration iso

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对重载铁路双块式轨枕进行了介绍，分析了双块式轨枕预制的监理准备工作，并对其预制生产的过程及监理控制要点进行了研究，以期通过开展双块式轨枕预制标准化监理工作，把握监控要点，确保生产质量。
This paper introduced the heavy haul railway double block sleepers,analyzed the supervision preparations of double block sleepers precast,and researched the precast production process and supervision control key points,in order to through the development of double block sleepers precast standardization supervision work,grasped the supervision and control key points,ensured the production quality.

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结合我国重载铁路的运营特点，在前期研究成果的基础上，开展了30 t轴重重载铁路混凝土轨枕的设计、试验研究工作，并按照北美铁路工程和维修协会( AREMA)的相关规定进行对比分析。研究结果表明：新型重载轨枕能够满足30 t轴重线路的承载性能要求，同Ⅲ型枕相比，轨下截面正弯矩和中间截面负弯矩承载能力分别提高了18.5%和23.3%；新型重载轨枕能够满足国内标准及 AREMA 的相关试验要求，且具有较大安全余量，表明其达到北美重载线路用混凝土轨枕的承载水平。
C onsidering of the operation characteristics of heavy haul railw ay in C hina,based on previous research, design and test on concrete sleepers for 30 t axle load heavy haul railway were carried out. T he performance of this type of concrete sleepers was analyzed according to the relevant requirements of American Railway Engineering and M aintenance-of-W ay Association( AREM A) . T he results show that the concrete sleeper developed is able to ensure the bearing performance of the targeted vehicle,at the same time the bearing capacity of the positive bending moment at the sub-rail cross section and that of the negative bending moment at the mid-rail cross section are improved by 18. 5% and 23. 3% respectively,compared with the type Ⅲ sleeper. T herefore,the sleeper developed-with safety allowance for any possible incidenceis in compliance with China''s technical standard and meets the requirement of AREM A. It can be concluded that in terms of its bearing capacity,the piece

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