产品质量司法鉴定是针对争议的产品进行检验、鉴别和判断并提供鉴定结论的活动。由于产品质量司法鉴定自身的特殊性,要求鉴定主体和鉴定程序都要合法。本文从委托、合同评审、受理、签订司法鉴定协议书、鉴定、出具司法鉴定报告书等环节探索了一个操作性较强的产品质量司法鉴定实施程序。结合鉴定实践和专业知识,对每一个环节出现的技术问题和应注意事项进行了探讨。

Forensic product quality is the activity to test againstthe controversial product, identify, determine and provide expert conclusion. Because of its specialty, it requires subjects of identification and authentication procedures to be legitimate . This paper explores a practical product quality implementation procedure of judicial expertise from trust , contract review , acceptance , signing the agreement on judicial authentication , identification , and issuing judicial appraisal report etc . Combined with identification practices and professional knowledge , technical problems of each link and matters needing attention are discussed .

结合我国煤与瓦斯突出鉴定工作现状和现场鉴定实施过程的实践,对突出鉴定相关问题的理解误区、鉴定工作技术和管理方面存在的问题进行分析、探讨,并对鉴定工作提出合理化的建议,以引起鉴定机构、监管部门在今后突出鉴定工作实践中不断探索和完善。

In this paper, analysis and discussion were carried out on some misunderstandings, technical and managerial problems in coal and gas outburst identification based on the present status of the identification work and the site identification practice in our country, some rational suggestions were proposed for the identification work in order to help the identification institutions and supervision departments to continuously explore and perfect the outburst identification work in the future.

智能手机鉴定在实践中呈上升趋势,但目前其在鉴定门类中法律地位含糊不明,与其他类型电子数据鉴定相比,其特殊性也没有得到重视。一方面,智能手机及系统、存储介质、数据形态具有复杂多样性;另一方面,其鉴定工具、技术和标准相对滞后,特别是当下鉴定技术还达不到电子取证完整性的要求。要改变这一困境,必须在法律上给予智能手机鉴定明确的地位,制定统一的鉴定操作规范,并对鉴定技术进行强制补强性说明,这样才能确保智能手机鉴定的合法性和可靠性。

The demands for smart phone forensic have been gradually increasing in recent years,while the legal status is still ambiguous and the particularity is omitted in related regulations.The operating system,storage medium and data type of smart phone is complex and various.The forensic tools,technique and standard are badly lagged behind the legal practice;especially the provision of integrity of electronic evidence in law is not followed.The regulation should be made to give legitimacy and operating guidance to smart phone forensic and the forensic technique shall be filed with corrobora-tive evidence,thus the reliability of smart phone is achieved.

目的：观察中药鉴定中传统经验鉴定办法的具体应用与价值。方法：抽选山药、茅苍术与松贝等13种较多见的中药材作为研究对象，分别应用传统经验鉴定办法与现代鉴定办法对其展开有效鉴定，并对两种办法的鉴定结果进行对比分析。结果：经统计分析发展，两组在总鉴定准确率上并不存在显著差异，有无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：利用传统经验鉴定办法对相关中药材实施有效鉴定，可取得同现代鉴定办法等同的准确率，且操作简便，成本小，应用价值更高。

Objective: Observe the traditional Chinese medicine identification experience concrete application and the value of the appraisal measures.Methods Selected yam, MAO of rhizoma atractylodis and songbei 13 more see Chinese herbal medicine as the research object, applied to traditional experience appraisal measures with modern identification method for the effective identification, and the identification results of two methods were analyzed.Results Through the statistical analysis of development, two groups did not exist significant differences in total identification accuracy, with or without statistical significance (P >0.05).Conclusion Using traditional experience appraisal measures related to the Chinese herbal medicine effective identification, with the modern appraisal measures equivalent accuracy can be obtained, and convenient operation, small cost, higher application value.

中国当今刑事鉴定争议频发。其中当事人与办案机关鉴定冲突最剧烈、不满手段最多样,且其社会影响最大者,目前主要聚集在部分死因鉴定领域。该类鉴定争议既滋生过度重复鉴定,更促使部分当事人上访、闹事,一度还以此衍生出暴力性群体事件。死因鉴定争议的发生,主要源于影响鉴定意见可信性的一系列因素,而非仅因为、甚或主要基于鉴定意见的客观可靠性。因此,为重塑中国刑事死因鉴定的公信力,必须走向从实践出发的法律研究与制度建构立场,以回应办案部门创建、并亟须理论提炼与立法改良的"过程导向信任"的鉴定争议解决机制。其关键措施,是通过死因鉴定程序的开放性与当事人双方(包括其聘请的法医专家)的充分参与性,从而实现鉴定意见的可信性或当事人可接受性;并以此领域的鉴定争议解决为突破口,进行鉴定制度改革,以提升中国整个刑事司法鉴定的公信力与可信性。

Disputes of expert opinion frequently occurred in China’s criminal identiifcation. Forensic identiifcation on certain cause of death is among the most controversial and dissatisfying ifelds. Such disputes on the expert opinion caused excessive repeated identiifcations, and even led to petitions, disturbance and violent group events. The dispute, mainly due to a series of elements that affect the credibility of expert opinion, rather than simply because or mainly based on it’s objective reliability. So, the country must construct trust through process in dispute resolution system to rebuild the credibility of forensic examination on cause of death in criminal cases. The key measures are making the forensic examination process transparent and letting the parties (including forensic experts hired by the parties) fully participate in the identiifcation procedure, in order to establish credibility of the expert opinion or acceptability by the parties;forensic dispute resolution