直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)由于结构简单、能量密度大、无污染等优点,已经成为近年来国内外研究的热点之一。简要介绍了直接甲醇燃料电池的原理,重点概述了阳极催化剂和电解质膜这两个决定电池性能的关键材料的表面改性及其研究进展。介绍了提高直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂催化活性的各种改性技术,如通过离子溅射法、分子束法等传统物理方法对电极表面进行修饰,在电极材料中掺杂对甲醇催化活性较好的纳米材料等。此外,还介绍了基于降低甲醇渗透率的Nafion膜改进技术,如通过等离子蚀刻法等物理手段对膜表面进行改性,掺杂阻醇性能较好的无机化合物等。并介绍了几种具有应用前景的新型替代膜,如接枝膜、共混膜等。最后对直接甲醇燃料电池的发展应用进行了展望。

Objective Direct methanol fuel cells ( DMFC) have become the domestic and international research focus in recent years due to its many advantages, such as simple structure, high energy density and pollutionlessness. This paper reviewed the principle of DMFC and the study process of anode catalyst and proton exchange membrane was emphatically elaborated. The details in modification of the anode catalyst for improving its catalytic activity were introduced, for example, the modification of the elec-trode surface by physical methods such as ion sputtering and molecular beam method, and modification of the electrode material by doping with nanomaterials of higher methanol catalysis activity. Emphasis was laid on the studies on both Nafion membranes and the substitutes to remarkably reduce the methanol permeability, such as the modification over the membrane surface by physical means of plasma etching, and by doping with some methanol-resistant inorganic compounds. Several promising alterna

利用阳极离子束技术在SKD11型不锈钢和YG6硬质合金上沉积类金刚石( DLC)薄膜,采用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、Raman光谱分析薄膜微观结构和表面形貌；采用WS-2005型附着力划痕仪和洛氏压力机测试膜基结合强度；采用球磨仪测试膜层耐磨性能。结果表明：利用该技术所制DLC膜是一种非晶结构、表面平整的薄膜,粗糙度Ra 值仅为5.21nm。DLC/Cr/SKD11膜系Raman光谱ID/IG值(0.69)高于DLC/Cr/YG6膜系(1.54),说明SKD11高于YG6所制膜层的sp3C键含量；DLC/Cr/SKD11膜系结合强度(17.8 N)低于DLC/Cr/YG6膜系(39.2 N),且DLC/Cr/YG6膜系的洛氏压痕周围仅有放射状微细裂纹,而DLC/Cr/SKD11膜系的压痕周围存在膜层脱落现象；沉积在SKD11与YG6基体上DLC膜的单位磨损率分别为1.40E-4和8.81E-5,说明YG6基体上DLC膜层的耐磨性要优于SKD11基体上的DLC膜层。由此看出,不同基体上制备的DLC膜层微观结构不同,导致结合性能及耐磨性能不同。

Diamond like carbon films were deposited by the anode ion beam technique on stainless steel (SKD11) and a hard al-loy of W and Co (YG6) substrate. The microstructure and morphology of the films were investigated by scanning electron micros-copy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Their mechanical and tribological properties were studied by a WS-2005 scratch tester, a Rockwell hardness tester and a ball-cratering tester. Results show that the films are smooth and dense. The surface roughness (Ra) of the films is around 5. 2 nm. The content of sp3 bonds of the film on SKD11 (ID/IG=0. 69) is higher than that on YG6 (ID/IG=1. 54). The bond strength of the film on SKD11 (17. 8 N) is lower than that on YG6 (39. 2 N). There are only mi-nute radial cracks on the film on YG6 while the film on SKD11 is peeled off after Rockwell hardness testing. The wear rate of the film on SKD11 (1. 40E-4) is higher than that on YG6 (8. 81E-5) as revealed by the ball-cratering tests.