介绍了先驱体转化法制备连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的研究现状,简要综述了聚碳硅烷、聚硅氮烷、聚硅氧烷3种先驱体的研究现状以及增强纤维的种类。分析了陶瓷基复合材料的应用现状和今后的研究方向。

The research and development of continuous-fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites fabricated by pre-cursor-infiltration-pyrolysis was reviewed in this paper .The studies on precursor , fiber and properties were included .The ceramic matrix composites application and development prospects were pointed out at last .

喷射成形是将熔融金属雾化和沉积过程相结合，直接由熔融金属制备具有快速凝固组织特征坯体的新型金属材料成形工艺。被引入到非连续增强体金属基复合材料制备领域后，先后发展出了预混喷射成形、反应喷射成形和喷射沉积等工艺方法。介绍了上述颗粒增强金属基复合材料喷射成形工艺方法的基本原理、特点及研究现状。通过对比分析发现喷射沉积技术由于其成形条件限制较少，适用范围广等特点得到了更为广泛的发展，最后结合自身研究对传统喷射沉积技术进行了一定的改进，采用气体-增强颗粒两相流作为雾化介质以期获得提高雾化效率和改善增强颗粒分布均匀性的双重效果。

Spray forming was a new developed high-performance metal forming technology,during the process of which the metal stream was firstly atomized into a spray of droplets by high-pressure gas j ets and then deposited on a substrate.After the introduction of spray forming into the preparation of metal matrix composites,several preparation methods were developed such as particulate premixed spray forming,reaction spray forming and spray deposition.The principles,characteristics,and development situations of the mentioned methods were re-viewed.Through the comparative analysis,spray deposition was a promising preparation method because of the technological feasibility and extensive adaptability.At last a self-developed spray deposition technology was in-troduced.During the progress,a gas-particulate dual-phase was used as the atomizing medium to improve the atomization efficiency and enhance the particulate distribution uniformity.

通过微波烧结制备TiC/6061铝基复合材料,采用TEM、EDS、XRD分析该复合材料结合界面的结构、元素分布和相组成;从热力学角度研究新相的形成机理。结果表明:结合界面存在厚度约为100 nm的扩散型和反应型2种中间层,其与基体和增强相的邻接整洁、边界连续、结合紧密。扩散型界面,具有(111)Al//(240)TiC,]110[Al//[001]TiC的晶体学位向关系并形成半共格界面;反应型界面,由TiAl和微纳米级的Al4W相组成。界面TiAl相的热力学形成机理为Al和Ti元素通过扩散的方式首先生成TiAl3,之后随Ti元素的进一步扩散占据TiAl3中Al的位置,最终形成TiAl。

TiC/6061 Al matrix composites were prepared by microwave sintering. The bonding interfaces and electron diffraction pattern of interfaces, chemical composition and phase composition were respectively analyzed by TEM, EDS and XRD;based on the thermodynamic data, formation mechanism of new phase was studied. The results show that, the bonding interfaces have two types of intermediate layers with thickness about 100 nm which are diffusion type and reaction type, the adjacent boundaries of the intermediate layer with substrate and reinforced phase are clean, continuous and tight coupling. The crystallographic orientation relationships of diffusion type interface are (111)Al//(240)TiC, Al[0 1 1] // TiC[001] and it forms a semi-coherent interface; reactive type interface is composed of TiAl phase and micro-nano Al4W. The thermodynamic mechanism of interface TiAl phase is that Al and Ti elements first form TiAl3 by diffusion;then Ti occupies the position of Al in TiAl3 with further spread of