“两个马克思”论者错误地将《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的人学思想作为整个马克思主义的人学，并在潜意识当中视《资本论》为一部非人学著作，由此才得以制造出《手稿》和《资本论》之间的思想对立（也即所谓的“两个马克思”）。事实上，《资本论》不仅是一部人学著作，它还与《手稿》之间存在着内在的人学关联：在《手稿》中，人同自己的类本质相异化的思想、异化劳动向自由劳动转变的思想，分别是《资本论》中劳动二重性学说、剩余价值学说的最初萌芽。

“Two Marx”theorists mistakenly believe that hominology thought in Manuscripts is the Marxist hominology,and the Das Kapital is a non- hominology work in their subconscious mind, thus they can create the ideas opposing between Manuscripts and Das Kapital (it’s also known as the“Two Marx”).In fact,Das Kapital is not only a hominology work,but also have an inherently homi-nology correlativity with Manuscripts :the thought of workers’class nature alienation and the thought of the alienation of labor to the free of labor in Manuscripts are initial embryo of the duality of labor theory and the Theory of surplus value in Das Kapital ,respectively.

马克思“重建个人所有制”理论学术界有不同的理解。杜林、谢韬、辛子陵和王成稼都作了乱解和错解。由于版本不同，马克思在《资本论》第一卷论述“重建个人所有制”与在1867年出版的《资本论》德文第一版、《资本论》第一卷法文版表述不同。杜林把马克思讲的“重新建立”，简单理解为“恢复”，即“恢复”被资本主义否定了的劳动者的生产资料个人所有制。我国改革开放以前，学界一般按恩格斯的解读来理解重建的个人所有制，就是消费资料的个人所有制。其实，马克思在论著中把个人所有制分成两种，一种是孤立的单个人的个人所有制，也就是个体劳动者的生产资料私有制或个人所有制；另一种是联合起来的社会的个人所有制，也就是社会主义要建立的以公有制为基础的个人所有制。后一种是与公有制相统一的个人所有制，也可以说既是公有的（社会所有的）也是个人的。马克思所说的“重新建立个人所有制”指的就是后者。王成稼主张重新建立的个人所有制是重建封建社会末期劳动者的消费资料个人所有制，而谢韬、辛子陵的观点是主张生产资料回归个人所有，这些都是对马克思“重建个人所有制”的错误理解。

Marx''s theory of "rebuilding the individual ownership" has different understanding in academic circles. Duhring, Xie Tao, Xin Ziling and Wang Chengjia all have made mess and wrong solutions. Due to different versions, expressions published in 1867 of German edition and French edition of "rebuilding the individual ownership" Marx discussed in volume I of "Das Kapital" are different. Before reform and opening-up in China, the academic circles generally understand the rebuilding of individual ownership according to Engels'' interpretation, is the individual ownership of consumption data. In fact, Marx''s personal ownership in the treatise is divided into two kinds, one kind is the isolated individual personal ownership, also is the private ownership of production means or individual ownership of individual worker; another kind is the united individual ownership, is the individual ownership built by socialism on the basis of public ownership, which is the personal ownership unit

马克思的货币资本理论是马克思经济理论体系的重要组成部分,贯穿于马克思的《资本论》第一、二、三卷中,其逻辑主线是：货币——货币转化为资本——货币资本及其循环积累——货币资本的作用——货币资本商品化{借贷资本、生息资本}——虚拟资本。货币资本在资本主义或市场经济中占有特别重要的作用,其量的变化决定着市场经济运动的方向。马克思的货币资本理论对于我国货币政策的正确制定及实施以维护金融稳定有着重要的现实指导意义,也对我国实体经济发展和处理好实体经济与虚拟经济关系有着重要的现实意义。

Marx ’ s monetary capital theory is an important part of Marxist economic theory system .It throughouts the “Das Kapital” Volume Ⅰ, Volume Ⅱ, and Volume Ⅲ.The logical thread of monetary capital theory is:money-money transforms into capital -money capital and cycle accumulation -the role of monetary capital -money capital commercialization {loan capital, interest -bearing capital} -ficti-tious capital .Monetary capital plays a particularly important role in the capitalist or market economy . Changes in amount of monetary capital determine the direction of movement of the market economy .For correctly formulating and implementing monetary policy to safeguard financial stability , monetary capital has important practical significance .And for developing real economy of China and handling the relation-ship between the real economy and the virtual economy , it also has important practical significance .

在否认剩余价值理论科学性的同时承认唯物史观,是当下《资本论》研究中的一种重要倾向。要分析这种倾向就得重温马克思两大发现的诞生及其关系。马克思通过政治经济学研究得到了其第一个科学发现,即被称为唯物史观的＂人类历史的发展规律＂;在这个发现的指导下,马克思进一步研究政治经济学而作出了第二个科学发现,即以剩余价值理论为基础的＂资产阶级社会的特殊的运动规律＂;第二个发现对第一个发现又起到了证成作用。因而这两个科学发现之间是普遍性与特殊性的关系,而不是哲学与科学的关系,也不是两种哲学的关系。脱离剩余价值理论的唯物史观与脱离唯物史观的剩余价值理论一样,都是不能成立的。

There is an obvious tendency in Capital research that denies the theory of surplus value but recognizes materialist conception of history simultaneously. In response to this tendency we need to research the relationship between Marx’s two scientific discoverers. Through political economy research Marx made his first discovery: the law of development of human history which is called materialist conception of history. Under the guidance of this discovery, Marx made his second discovery: the special law of motion governing the bourgeois society based on the theory of surplus value. The second discovery constructs the first one. Thus the relationship between those two discoveries is universality and particularity; the relationship is neither philosophy and science nor two kinds of philosophies. The separation between materialist conception of history and theory of surplus value is not established.

从斯密开始的效率始于分工的思路,在马克思的《资本论》中得到很好的继承与发展。市场经济条件下,提升资源配置效率、增加要素的经济绩效的规律均与组建好其中的分工产业构架有关。当前广东产业发展战略谋划的重点在于分工如何进一步深化,尤其是如何充分发展生产性服务产业。推动广东产业结构转型升级,需要着力解决阻碍分工与交换活动发展的技术障碍和体制障碍。

The economic efficiency tracing from Adam Smith starts from the thinking of division of labour that gets inheritance and development in Marx＇s Capital. In the market economy, the improvement of resources allocation efficiency is related to the industry structure of division. The regulations which lie in the enhancement of elements for economic performance are concerned with building industry structure of division as well. Nowadays, how to let division go further, especially how to make producer services fully develop, is the strategy in industrial development of Guangdong. Promotion in the transformation of Guangdong industrial structure needs the release of technical and institutional barriers, which hinder the development of division and exchange.