鸵鸟足底曲面形貌是影响鸵鸟足优越越沙性能的关键因素之一，研究鸵鸟足底曲面特征将有助于将其这一优越特性应用到越沙车轮上，以改善目前常规越沙车轮在松软地面上通过性低的难题。该文选取健康成年鸵鸟足，经过三维激光扫描仪扫描得到鸵鸟足的点云数据，并导入Geomagic Studio软件中进行封装、表面处理，最后把鸵鸟足第Ⅲ趾底曲面划分为3个典型区域：前掌缓曲面、中间凹槽面和足跟凸冠面。利用Catia软件中的Digitized Shape Editor模块，对3个典型曲面的密集点云选取合理的过滤方式过滤，保留典型曲面形貌的特征点，并导出3个典型区域特征点云三维数据。运用Matlab软件中的surface fitting自动拟合功能，拟合前掌缓曲面和中间凹槽面的2个曲面，分别得到2个曲面的拟合方程和决定系数R2；基于足跟凸冠面外形类似于一个典型椭球面，利用SAS软件中非线性回归模块以椭球面模型进行曲面拟合。从拟合结果可以看出，3个曲面的决定系数R2分别为0.95、0.96、0.95，实现了鸵鸟足底曲面由生物模型到数学模型的转化。该研究为将鸵鸟足底曲面形貌进行工程仿生学应用奠定了理论基础，并为利用工程仿生学技术研究松软路面行驶车辆提供研究方向和参考依据。

African ostrich (Struthio camelus) is the fastest long-distance runner with two feet in the desert. Plantar surface morphology of ostrich foot is one of the key effect factors on the superior travelling performance of ostrich didactyl foot on sand. The research of the ostrich plantar surface characteristics, will help to apply the superior characteristics to the wheels which travell on the soft grounds, and will help to improve the passing ability of current conventional sand wheel on soft grounds. Ostrich didactyl foot has two toes, the third toe and the fourth toe. During ostrich walking or running in the desert, the third toe supports the heavy weight and provides locomotor propulsion, while the fourth toe maintains balance as an outrigger. Therefore, the mathematical model of the third toe plantar surface of ostrich foot was studied. The ostrich foot of an adult male ostrich was gained from Changchun Lushengyuan mountain villa, Jilin Province, P.R. China. The geometric po

目的寻找活体鸡胚操作时的最佳背景染料及其应用条件。方法比较不同染料对鸡胚发育的影响及背景色效果与持续时间,选择最优者,并摸索其最佳浓度与剂量。结果鸵鸟墨水注射后鸡胚存活率最高[76.9%(30/39)],背景色好,持续时间长,并且采用0.2ml/4ml浓度、≤0.3ml剂量综合效果最优。结论鸵鸟墨水用于活体鸡胚操作时的背景染料效果佳。

Objective To explore the best background dying and its application on chick embryos in vivo. Method se?lect the best one after comparising survival rate , background color and duration of different kinds of background dyings on chick embryo, and explore its optimal concentration and measurement. Results the survival rate of ostrich ink was the highest one[76.9%(30/39)], and its background color is clear and durative, the concentration of 0.2ml/4ml and less than 0.3ml dose make optimal effect. Conclusion the ostrich ink is the optimal selection for background dying on chick embryos in vivo .

目的：采用单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光法测定异种角膜移植术后不同时间点角膜组织中CD4，CD8T淋巴细胞的变化。方法：取正常兔角膜、腋窝淋巴结组织；鸵鸟一兔异种角膜移植术后1，2wk角膜组织，经甲醛固定，常规石蜡包埋切片脱蜡复水，胃酶消化法进行抗原修复，用鼠抗兔CD4，CD8单克隆抗体及荧光标记的羊抗鼠IgG进行免疫组化测定，荧光显微镜下观察角膜组织中CD4’，CD8’T淋巴细胞的表达。结果：鸵鸟一兔异种角膜移植后1wk角膜组织中CD4’，CD8’T淋巴细胞的表达为阴性，2wk时T淋巴细胞CD4呈强阳性表达，CD8呈阴性表达。结论：采用间接免疫荧光法测定动物异种角膜移植术后不同时间点局部角膜组织中CD4’，CD8’T淋巴细胞的表达，为异种角膜移植排斥反应机制研究及术后药物筛选奠定实验基础。

AIM: Using monoclonal antibodies indirectly immunofluorescence to detect the changes of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in the different time points in corneal tissue after corneal transplantation. METHODS:Normal rabbit cornea, axillary lymph node tissue were taken.Get corneal tissue at one week, two weeks after ostrich -rabbit heterogeneous corneal transplantation, fixed by formaldehyde, conventional paraffin embedding sectioning dewaxing after water, gastric enzyme digestion method for antigen repair, use mouse anti rabbit CD4, CD8 monoclonal antibody and fluorescent tagging sheep anti mouse IgG for immunohistochemical assay, and observe the expression of CD4+, CD8+T lymphocytes in the cornea tissue in fluorescence microscope. RESULTS:The expression of CD4+, CD8+T cells in thecornea tissue was negative one week after the ostrich-rabbit heterologous cornea transplantation, CD4 T lymphocytes showed strong positive expression after the second week , CD8 was negative. CONCLUSION: Indirect immu

历经逾百年学习西方,中国已经处在一个需要审视、批判和检讨西方发展模式,以独立、自主的眼光去甄别、分析和看待中国社会发展中的真实问题,从而推进中国社会历史性转型的历史时刻。当前中国的社会转型不仅为教学论提供了重构的契机,也提出了重构的时代诉求。在这一重构中,需要破除鸵鸟心态、古代意识形态和西方意识形态以及自我中心主义,以大气、开放、包容的心态,在融汇“古今中西”的基础上,建构作为“地方性教学论”的中国教学论。

After more than a century of learning from Western ,China is already at the historical moment to examine,critique and review of Western development model,to distinguish,analyze and view China’s real problem in the social development independently and autonomously ,thus promoting the historic transformation of Chinese society. China’s current social transformation not only provides an opportunity for the reconstruction of pedagogy theory,but also the request of the reconstruction. In this reconstruction,we need to get rid of ostrich approach, ancient ideology and Western ideology and self-centered,based on the“Ancient and Modern West”to construct a “local pedagogy theory”as Chinese pedagogy.

为了提高车轮牵引性能，改善车辆在松散沙土介质环境的通过能力，该文以善于沙地奔跑的鸵鸟足部关键部位—足趾甲为仿生原型，通过仿生优化轮刺结构，设计出具有高牵引性能的仿生轮刺式沙地刚性轮，并以一种模拟月壤作为试验松散沙土介质材料，采用离散元软件PFC2D?的内置语言FISH和相关命令，建立了适用于非规则结构刚性轮的轮壤相互作用动态模拟系统，并获得试验验证。通过仿生轮刺式刚性轮与模拟月壤相互作用离散元模拟，并与矩形轮刺式刚性轮模拟结果对照，从轮下模拟月壤颗粒细观运动、接触力场、速度场以及车轮挂钩牵引力角度，验证了仿生轮刺式刚性轮具有优越的牵引性能，在车轮滑转率50%的稳定运行状态下，仿生轮刺式刚性轮的牵引性能可提高5.2%左右。该研究为提高刚性轮在松散沙土介质环境中的牵引性能提供了全新设计和研究手段。

It is very important to enhance the wheel traction performance for improving the traveling ability of the vehicle in the loose sand circumstance. The toenail, which is the key part of ostrich foot possessing the excellent running ability on sand, was regarded as the bionic prototype. Through bionic optimization of the wheel lug structure, the rigid wheel with bionic wheel lugs moving on sand with higher traction performance was designed. A kind of lunar soil simulants was selected as the experimental loose sand material. Using the built-in language FISH and the relevant command of Discrete Element Method (DEM) software PFC2D?, the dynamic simulation system, which was suitable for simulating the interactions between the rigid wheel with irregular structure and the loose sand material, was established. The simulation system was validated by the combination between laboratory test and DEM simulation. The interactions between the rigid wheel with bionic wheel lugs and the lunar s