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双语推荐：2A97铝锂合金

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研究2A97铝锂合金的疲劳裂纹萌生及早期扩展行为。在室温条件下，采用光滑试样进行疲劳测试，其中最大应力为恒定值，应力比R为0.1，频率f 为40 Hz。利用金相显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜及电子背散射衍射等手段对合金的微观组织进行分析，研究合金的疲劳裂纹萌生及早期扩展行为与其微观组织的关系。结果表明：2A97合金的疲劳裂纹主要萌生于试样表面的杂质相和粗大第二相处；其疲劳裂纹的早期扩展行为主要受晶粒结构与位错或滑移带共同作用的影响。当相邻晶粒的错配度接近于其晶内的最优滑移面的位向差时，大角度晶界强烈阻碍滑移带的运动，从而导致裂纹分叉和偏折。
The fatigue crack initiation and early propagation behavior of 2A97 Al-Li alloy was studied. The smooth specimens were fatigued at room temperature under constant maximum stress control when stress ratio (R) is 0.1 and frequency (f) is 40 Hz. Microstructure observations were examined by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron back scattered diffusion, in order to investigate the relationship between microstructure and fatigue crack initiation and early propagation behavior of 2A97 alloy. The results show that the fatigue cracks are predominantly initiated at inclusions and coarsen secondary phases on the surface of 2A97 alloy. The fatigue crack early propagation behavior of 2A97 alloy is predominantly influenced by the interactions between grain structure and dislocations or persistent slip bands (PSBs). When the misorientation of two neighbouring grains is close to the orientations of the favorable slip plane within these two gra

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研究2A97铝锂合金在硅酸盐电解液中等离子电解氧化膜的生长规律，分析直流条件下电流密度、氧化时间等电参数对氧化陶瓷膜的表面和截面形貌、成分和相组成以及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：等离子电解氧化处理提高了铝锂合金的耐腐蚀性能，但处理时间过长，膜层微观结构中缺陷增多，对膜层的耐蚀性带来不利影响，提高电流密度对膜层的耐蚀性也没有明显的影响。铝锂合金的等离子电解氧化膜微观结构中存在两类不同放电类型导致的特征结构，其中来源于基体/膜层界面的火花放电生成的结构含有较多的Al，而氧化膜表层或浅层的火花放电主要在膜层表面生成含有较多电解液成分的菜花状结构。膜层的相结构主要为γ-Al2O3。
The plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) processes of 2A97 aluminium-lithium alloy in silicate electrolyte were studied. The PEO processes were carried out with DC regime, and the factors such as current density and treatment time on the morphologies of surface and the cross section of the coatings and the corrosion resistance of coatings were analyzed. The results show that the PEO processing enhances the corrosion resistance of the aluminium-lithium alloy, however, the corrosion resistance will be deteriorated by long processing time, due to more defects developed in the coatings, and the corrosion resistance of the coatings is also little affected by increasing the current density. There are two types of microstructures existing in the PEO coatings of aluminium-lithium alloy, which are resulted from the different types of discharging. The microstructure resulted from the discharge originated at substrate/coating interface contains more content of Al, while the discharge happening on t

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采用光学、扫描电镜和高温拉伸等手段,研究了不同时效制度对2A97铝锂合金晶粒细化和超塑性的影响。结果表明:试验合金在300~400℃时效可获得尺寸大于0.8μm的第二相粒子,其中400℃×48 h过时效处理获得的第二相分布更均匀、体积分数更大,经过相同工艺轧制和再结晶退火后,获得的晶粒最为细小。在温度460~490℃,应变速率为1.0×10-3~2.5×10-3s-1的条件下进行高温超塑性拉伸,其中在490℃、2.0×10-3s-1变形条件下获得伸长率最大,达到850%。
By means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high temperature tensile machine , the effect of aging treatment on grain refinement and superplasticity of 2A97 Al-Li alloy was investigated .The results show that the second phase particles with size of larger than 0.8μm are obtained when aged at 300-400℃;especially when aged at 400℃×48 h, the second phase particles are distributed more uniformly with a larger volume fraction and the grain size is finest under the same rolling process and recrystallization annealing process .The superplastic tensile test was carried out at 460-490℃when the strain rate from 1.0 ×10-3 s-1 to 2.5 ×10-3 s-1 ,and the best elongation of the specimens reaches 850%at 490 ℃and the strain rate of 2.0 ×10 -3 s-1 .

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采用形变热处理法制备2A97铝锂合金细晶板材，利用光学显微镜、透射电镜和高温拉伸等试验方法研究中间退火温度对板材晶粒细化和超塑性的影响。结果表明：板材在室温轧制时，当变形量达到22%时，出现开裂，随着轧制温度的升高，开裂程度逐步缓解；将开轧温度提高到400℃、轧制变形量达到88%时，分别在240、300和400℃进行中间退火1 h，可解决开裂问题。但退火温度对超塑性伸长率有很大影响，当退火温度为400℃时，合金发生了明显部分再结晶，位错密度大幅降低，虽获得总变形量为92%的无开裂板材，由于较多的形变储能被释放，晶粒细化程度不高，伸长率仅为260%；将退火温度降低到240℃时，合金内部仅发生了位错运动与重新组合，保留了较高的位错密度，晶粒得到细化，伸长率高达650%。
Fine-grained 2A97 alloy sheets were produced by thermo-mechanical processing. The effects of intermediate annealing temperature on the grain refinement and superplasticity were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high temperature tensile test. The results show that the fracture of sheet is observed when rolling at room temperature with a reduction of 22%. With increasing the rolling temperature, the degree of cracking gradually reduces. Non-fractured sheets can be obtained by enhancing the preheating temperature to 400℃, and then intermediate annealing the sheets for 1 h at 240, 300 and 400℃, respectively, when the rolling reduction reaches 88%. But the reheating temperatures have an obvious influence on the superplastic elongation. When the reheating temperature is 400℃, the obvious recrystallization occurs, which reduces the density of dislocations. Though non-fractured sheets with a total reduction of 92% are obtained, the

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研究热处理工艺对2A97 Al?Li合金拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：从传统T8工艺改进的、具有预时效和中间变形的热处理工艺可以有效地改进Al?Li合金的拉伸性能。合金经该热处理工艺处理后，在峰时效条件下，基体中析出大量的T1相，同时，晶界无第二相析出，并且晶界上无沉淀析出带不明显。峰时效合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为597 MPa、549 MPa 和7.4%。此外，建立BP人工神经网络模型对经不同热处理工艺处理的合金的拉伸性能进行预测，所得预测结果与实验结果吻合较好，表明该人工神经网络模型可用于预测2A97 Al?Li合金的拉伸性能。
Effects of heat treatment processes on tensile properties of 2A97 Al?Li alloy were investigated. The results show that one new heat treatment process which was developed from traditional T8 temper can effectively improve the tensile properties of Al?Li alloy. In the peak-aged condition, a large quantity of fine T1 dispersedly precipitated in the matrix. At the same time, few secondary phases precipitated at the grain boundaries, and precipitation-free zone was unobvious. The corresponding tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of alloy were 597 MPa, 549 MPa and 7.4%, respectively. In addition, BP neural network model was developed for prediction of the tensile properties of alloy subjected to different heat treatment processes. A very good correlation between experimental and predicted results was obtained, which indicates that the BP neural network can be used for the prediction of tensile properties of 2A97 Al?Li alloy.

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激光沉积Ti60A合金片状试样（40 mm×12 mm×3 mm）上进行一系列的循环热暴露模拟实验，每个循环包括红外加热120 s至最高800℃，随后压缩空冷60 s至最低150℃。采用OM、SEM及EDS分析了合金α相体积分数和β相长度，并测试其显微硬度随热暴露循环次数的变化。结果表明，随着热暴露循环次数的增加，激光沉积Ti60A合金从初始的网篮状β相和体积分数为78.5%的α相逐渐向楔形β相和粗大α相过渡，750次循环后转变为极少量颗粒状β相和体积分数为97.6%的大块α组织。讨论了特殊粗大α和破碎β组织的形成机理。经750次热暴露循环后的合金最硬，其显微硬度比沉积态的高33.3%。
Cyclic thermal exposure tests of infrared heating to 800 °C in 120 s followed by compressed air cooling to 150 °C in 60 s were performed for the laser deposited Ti60A (Ti5.54Al3.38Sn3.34Zr0.37Mo0.46Si) alloy. The effects of thermal exposure cycles on length ofβphase, area fraction ofαphase and microhardness of alloy were examined by OM, SEM and EDS. The results indicate that thermal exposure cycles have significant effects on length ofβphase, area fraction ofαphase and microhardness of the alloy. The original fine basket-weaveβand 78.5%αtransform to transient wedge-likeβ, finally leaving granularβand 97.6%coarsenedαwith the increased thermal exposure cycles. The formation mechanism of coarsenedαand broken-upβmicrostructure is discussed. The alloy after 750 thermal exposure cycles has the maximum microhardness, 33.3%higher than that of the as-deposited alloy.

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应用Ankylos系统种植修复于前牙,观察其临床疗效。方法:选取36例前牙缺失的患者,采用直径为3.5mm标准A型Ankylos植体种植牙齿48颗,钴铬合金烤瓷冠修复。术后随访1周~18月,通过临床及X线检查,观察种植体周围牙龈组织的健康状况以及修复体与基台的稳定性,调查患者主观满意度,进行分析与评价。结果:全冠修复后,1枚植体上部基台因角度较大而转动、1颗烤瓷冠崩瓷外,其余均稳定牢固,无种植体周围炎及基台松动情况,术后1年内骨吸收小于1mm,患者主观满意率高,成功率97.8%。结论:Ankylos种植系统应用于治疗前牙缺失成功率较高,并可获得较好的修复及美学效果。
Objective: To observe clinical effect of Ankylos implant system in anterior teeth. Methods: 36 cases of anterior teeth missing patients with the diameter of 3.5mm standard A type Ankylos implant 48 teeth, cobalt chromium alloy porcelain crowns. Follow up 1 weeks to18 months, the observation of the stability of gingival tissue around the body health and restorationto the base station by clinical and X-ray examination, and analysis and evaluation of the implant denture masticatory function, appearance, subjective satisfaction of patients. Results: After full crown restoration, All patient were successful os-steointegration without any failure, no peri-implantitis and abutment loosening, bone absorption is less than 1mm in the 1 year follow up period, only 1 implant upper base station was running as the rotation angle was large, and 1 pieces of porcelain crowns collapsed, patients with high satisfaction rate, 97.8%. Conclusion:The new method of Ankylos implant system used in the treatment

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某镍基废旧高温合金酸浸液中含有Cr、Al、Fe等杂质元素，采用“水解沉淀初步除杂-萃取深度除杂”法处理此浸出液。水解初步除杂过程中，水解温度为80℃，氧化剂用量系数为30，NaOH浓度为10％，水解终点pH＝4．5，机械搅拌速率为300 r/min， Cr、Al、Fe的除杂率分别为97．8％、98．6％和99％；萃取深度除杂过程中采用常温下10级逆流萃取，P204的浓度为15％，正丁醇加入量为5％，萃取相比O/A＝1/2，萃取初始pH＝1．0，萃取时间2 min时， Cr、Al、Fe除杂率分别为93．8％、90％和92．0％。该工艺有效实现了杂质Cr、Al、Fe与Ni、Co的分离，除杂后液可直接进行镍钴分离，回收镍、钴。
The leachate of a nickel-base superalloy scrap containing a large quantity of impurities, such as Cr、Al、Fe, was treated by adopting the process of hydrolysis precipitation-extraction for impurities removal. In the preliminary process for removing impurities, hydrolysis at a temperature of 80℃, with dosage of oxidant at 30, concentration of NaOH at 10%, and pH=4.5 at the terminal of hydrolysis, with mechanical stirring speed at 300 r/min, removal rate of Cr, Al, Fe were 97.8%, 98.6% and 99.0%, respectively. Then, a further extraction process adopted 10-stage countercurrent extraction at room temperature, with the volume fraction of P204 at 15%, addition of Butanol around 5%, O/A=1/2, initial pH=1.0 for extraction, removal rate of Cr, Al, Fe reached 93.8%, 90.0%and 92.0%, respectively, after extraction for 2 min. This technique not only realized removing of Cr, Al and Fe impurities from Ni and Co, but also the liquid after impurity removal can be directly subjected to Ni/Co

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