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双语推荐：C波段

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本文简要回顾了全球卫星通信从C/Ku波段到Ka波段，从话音、广播电视到互联网应用的轨迹；对目前Ka波段HTS卫星网络的架构、地面系统情况以及采用的新技术进行了概述；并列出了目前全球Ka波段在轨HTS卫星、建造的HTS卫星的容量、运营公司、使用的地面系统等；并介绍了美国Ka波段宽带卫星业务的发展情况。
This article is retrospected the trajectory of global satellite telecommunication industry from C/Ku band to Ka band and from Voice/TV to Internet. The article is listed in HTS satellites which are in orbit and in construction, the capacity , the operators and the ground system. The Ka band broadband satellite business in USA is also introduced.

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本文简要回顾了全球卫星通信从C/Ku波段到Ka波段，从话音、广播电视到互联网应用的轨迹；对目前Ka波段HTS卫星网络的架构、地面系统情况以及采用的新技术进行了概述；列出了目前全球Ka波段在轨HTS卫星、建造的HTS卫星的容量、运营公司、使用的地面系统等；介绍了美国Ka波段宽带卫星业务的发展情况。
This article is retrospected the trajectory of global satellite telecommunication industry from C/Ku band to Ka band and from Voice/TV to Internet. The article is listed in HTS satellites which are in orbit and in construction, the capacity , the operators and the ground system. The Ka band broadband satellite business in USA is also introduced.

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为揭示不同产区烤烟表面颜色的光谱特性及差异,采用Color–Eye 7000A分光光谱仪测定国内不同产区C3F等级烟叶表面颜色的光谱。结果表明:不同产区烟叶表面颜色的平均反射光谱呈现相似的曲线形态,在可见光波长范围内,随着波长的增加,反射率逐渐增大,没有高峰和低峰;不同产区烟叶表面颜色在6个颜色波段的反射比率均表现为红色波段最高,其次是橙色波段、绿色波段、黄色波段、蓝色波段,紫色波段最低;不同产区烟叶表面颜色光谱差异的重要信息区主要集中在绿色波段(490~560 nm)和红色波段(630~700 nm)。
In order to reveal characteristic and difference of color spectrum of flue-cured tobacco in different producing areas,the color spectrum measurement of C3F tobacco leaves in different producing areas were carried on the Color-Eye 7000A spectroradiometer. The results showed that the average reflective spectrum of tobacco leaves surface color appeared similar curve. In visible light range,reflectivity was continuously increasing with the increase of wave length,and there were no high or low peak. Reflection ratio in the six color bands of the surface color of tobacco leaves growing in different areas reflected the performance of the red band ratios were the highest,followed by the orange band,green band,yellow band,blue band,purple band minimum. Difference of color spectrum among the tobacco leaves was mainly reflected in the green band (490~560 nm)and red band (630~700 nm).

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设计并实现了一种多波长超宽带铒铥混合掺杂光纤光源,用一个980nm激光二极管(LD)泵浦掺铒光纤(EDF),输出C+L波段光谱,用980nm LD、1400nm LD和C+L波段光泵浦掺铥光纤(TDF),产生S波段光谱。用耦合器制作光纤反射器(FLM),形成双程后向结构提高转化效率。光谱仪测试S+C+L波段的总功率为34.18mW(15.34dBm),带宽为1460~1610nm,达到150nm。
The paper designs and realizes a multi-wavelength ultra-wideband erbium and thulium-doped fiber source mixed,with a 980 nm diode-pumped erbium-doped fiber laser output C+L band spectrum,use 980nm and 1400nm laser diode and the C+L band optical pumped thulium doped fiber,produce the S wave band spectrum.Fabrication of fiber reflector coupler (FLM) by coupler,formation in double pass backward configu-ration to improve conversion efficiency.Spectrometer test total power of S+C+L band is 34.18mW (15.34dBm), the bandwidth from 1460~1610nm, reaching 150nm.

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为了满足分布式光纤光栅传感系统和超高速全光通信系统的需求,设计并实现了一种新型的铒铥混合掺杂的光纤超荧光超宽带光源。实验中用980和1 480nm激光二极管泵浦掺铒光纤,产生C+L波段的光;再利用C+L波段光的30%光泵掺铥光纤,产生S波段荧光,剩余70%的C+L波段光与S波段荧光通过耦合器耦合后输出,产生一个超宽带的S+C+L光源。该光源的总输出功率约为36mW(15.6dBm),带宽从1 460到1 610nm。对光源的带宽和功率等性能指标进行了测试,结果表明,可以满足分布式光纤光栅传感系统和全光通信系统应用的要求。
In order to satisfy the requirements of distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor systems and ultra-high-rate all-optical communication systems,this paper designs and implements a novel hybrid Erbium-and Thulium-Doped Fiber (TDF)super-fluorescent ultra-wideband light source.In the experiments,it uses 980 nm and 1 480 nm laser diodes to pump the Er-Doped Fiber (EDF),generating C+L band light.Then it uses 30% of this light to optically pump the TDF,producing S-band fluo-rescence light.Finally,it couples the remaining 70% of C + L-band light with the S-band fluorescent light,resulting in an ul-tra-wideband S+C+L light source.The total power of this light source is 36 mW (15.6 dBm),with a bandwidth of 1 460~1 610 nm.The test results of this light source show that its bandwidth,power and other performance indexes satisfy the re-quirements for the applications of distributed fiber grating sensor systems and all-optical communication systems.

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卫星信号的传输,不可避免地会受到各种电磁波干扰,通过对宁波电视台C波段卫星信号被干扰情况的分析、查找,针对移动通信基站对C波段卫星电视信号的干扰进行分析,并提出解决办法。
Satellite signal transmission is affected inevitably by various kinds of electromagnetic interference . This article proposes a resolution for interference to C-band satellite signal at Ningbo TV station ,which is based on detail analysis on interference by mobile communication base stations .

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VSAT通信用于远程视频监控系统具有一定的优势，它主要使用C波段和Ku波段，既能用于固定远程视频监控又能用于移动远程视频监控，而星状网是首选的网络结构。
As a way of using satellite transmission, VSAT communication for remote video monitoring system has certain advantages. VSAT communication mainly use C band and Ku band, VSAT communication can be used for both ifxed remote video monitor can also be used to move the remote video monitor, Star network is the preferred network structure.

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提出一种基于膜计算的C波段异常信号特征选择算法。该算法将膜结构分为2层：基本膜和表层膜。首先在基本膜中结合模糊C均值（ FCM）聚类、粗糙集和遗传算法（ GA）实现局部寻优，然后将局部最优解传送给表层膜，最后在表层膜区域中再一次使用遗传算法实现全局优化。通过对无线电监测C波段异常信号特征库进行仿真实验，发现该算法在C波段异常信号的特征选择上比使用遗传算法、约翰逊算法所得的条件属性更简单且优化效果更好。
A feature selection algorithm based on membrane computing for C band abnormal signal is proposed in this paper.The membrane structure is divided into two layer———elementary membrane and skin membrane.Firstly, this algorithm combines with fuzzy C means clustering, rough sets and genetic algorithm to realize local optimization in elementary membrane, and then transmits the local optimal solutions to skin membrane.Finally , the genetic algorithm is also used to realize the global optimization in the skin membrane area.Through C band abnormal signal feature library of radio monitoring on the simulation experiment, results show that this algorithm can obtain simpler and better optimization results than using genetic algorithm and Johnson’s algorithm on C band abnormal signal feature selection.

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2012年11月19日,环境减灾卫星一号C星成功发射,是我国第1颗民用合成孔径雷达（SAR）卫星,也是目前世界上唯一在轨运行的S波段SAR卫星。在轨测试阶段,民政部国家减灾中心对C星在冰凌灾害方面的应用能力进行了初步的评价,同时利用资源三号卫星多光谱影像进行相对精度评价。结果表明,S波段SAR卫星对于冰凌具有极好的响应,对于完全封冻、未完全封冻和浮冰区域,可有效地辨识,具备较好的减灾应用能力。S波段SAR卫星数据将填补我国乃至世界上SAR卫星数据的波段空白,减灾应用潜力有待进一步深入挖掘。
On November 19, 2012, HJ-1-C was launched successfully, which is the first civil Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite in China and is also the only S-band SAR on-orbit satellite in the world. During the on-orbit period, National Disaster Reduction Center of China (NDRCC) preliminarily evaluated the application capacity towards the ice disaster, and also evaluated the relative precision by using multispectral images of ZY-3 satellite. The result shows that, the S-band SAR satellite has super response towards ice. Entirely freeze-up area, non entirely freeze-up area and drift ice area can be effectively identified, and the S-band SAR satellite has better disaster reduction application capacity. The S-band SAR satellite data will fill up the band’s blank of SAR satellite in China and even the world, and its disaster reduction potentiality remains to be excavated further more.

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采用分坡度、分NDVI(归一化差异植被指数)和分地类的C校正策略,对复杂地形山区Landsat TM影像进行地形校正,并运用视觉检验、回归分析和遥感分类精度将3种C校正策略的结果与传统的整体C校正进行对比,以探寻适合复杂地形山区的C校正策略。在此基础上,进一步探讨了地形校正对影像重采样尺度的响应。研究结果表明:与传统的整体C校正相比,采用分坡度、分NDVI和分地类的C校正策略能更好地消除原影像的凹凸感,减弱地形效应,且背阳面影像的过校正现象减少;各种C校正策略和整体C校正对Landsat TM影像不同波段的校正效果不一,其中,分地类的C校正策略对波段1、2、3和波段7的校正效果最好,分坡度的C校正策略对波段5的校正效果更佳,而整体C校正则对波段4的校正效果最好;虽然所有C校正均能有效地消除影像中的地形效应,但并未能提高影像分类精度;从不同重采样尺度C校正结果对比看,随着采样尺度增加,地形效应逐渐减弱,但并未完全消除,因此,中、低空间分辨率遥感影像的地形效应也不容忽视。
Topographic correction for remotely sensed images is an important preprocessing step to remove the topographic effects in rugged mountainous terrain. In this study, different C-correction strategies (determining the empirical c-parameter for different NDVI intervals, different land use types, and different slope intervals) and scale levels are used to eliminate the effects of topography on Landsat TM images in complex mountains terrain. Performance of the three strategies was tested by visual comparison, correlation analysis between corrected imag-es and the solar illumination angle (cosi), and image classification accuracy. It is attempted to find a C-correction strategy more suitable for mountainous area. The test site selected for this study is Nanting River basin, which isa subbasin of the Nujiang-Salween River. Visual comparisons showed that all the three strategies of C-correction can substantially eliminate negative terrain effects. All the C-correction strategies, similar to th

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