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双语推荐：CTC

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目的：通过对转移、新辅助及辅助阶段乳腺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞（ CTC ）检测，探讨CTC水平与临床特征相关性，研究CTC 在不同阶段、不同类型乳腺癌中的水平和预后价值。方法采用循环肿瘤细胞检测系统（ CellSearch系统），通过免疫磁性分离和免疫荧光染色方法进行CTC及其表面分子标志物人表皮生长因子受体2（ HER-2）检测。通过χ2检验、单因素、多因素分析探讨CTC水平与临床特征的关系。结果240例转移性乳腺癌CTC检出率为57.5％（138/240）， CTC检出率与组织学HER-2状态、转移灶数目及骨转移具有相关性（ P＜0.05）。26例早期乳腺癌CTC检出率为23.1％（6/26），CTC水平与病理学类型、雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、Ki-67、肿块大小、是否淋巴结转移及治疗前分期无显著相关性（ P＞0.05）。组织学HER-2阳性患者CTC水平低于HER-2阴性患者（χ2＝12.296，P＜0.001）。99例转移性乳腺癌，组织学HER-2阳性与阴性两组间CTC HER-2表达差异有统计学意义（χ2＝8.082，P＝0.004）。结论 CTC在不同阶段、不同类型乳腺癌中的水平不同， CTC水平与骨转移具有相关性，对早期患者进行CTC检测可能对肿瘤复发转移具有预测作用，组织学HER-2阳性与阴性患者CTC HER-2表达
Objective To explore the prognostic value of applying a semi-automated detection system for detecting circulating tumor cells ( CTC ) for different stages and various subtypes of breast cancer.Methods Immunomagnetic separation and immunofluorescent staining were employed to detect the expressions of CTC and CTC HER-2.Chi-square test, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the correlations between CTC and clinical characteristics.Results CTC was detected in 57.5%(138/240) of metastatic breast cancer (MBC).CTC enumeration, HER-2 status, number of metastasis and bone metastasis were relevant (P 0.05).HER-2-positive MBC detected less CTC than HER-2-negative (χ2 =12.296, P<0.001).CTC HER-2 expression was different between HER-2-positive and negative patients in 99 MBC cases (χ2 =8.082, P =0.004 ).Conclusion CTC enumeration is different for various stages and different subtypes of breast cancer.CTC enumeration and bone metastasis are relevant.CTC detection in E

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分散自律CTC系统是铁路运输调度指挥的重要行车设备,是提高铁路调度指挥效率、保证行车安全的重要系统。针对我国铁路分散自律CTC系统的现有功能与应用现状,分析目前存在的问题主要是采用车站分散式CTC模式成本高,既有线CTC控制功能不完善,客运专线CTC接口多,调度台设置不合理,系统操作界面不统一,网络通道设备故障率高等,提出推广区域分散式CTC模式,完善调车智能化控制功能,开发基于车站子系统一体化的CTC,合并调度台,统一系统操作界面,简化网络通道设备等建议,以降低运营成本,提升铁路运输效率。
The CTC system is the most important equipment for train operation in railway transportation dispatch and command,which can enhance the efficiency of railway dispatching command and assure train operation safety.Based on analyzing the application status,present function and Problems of railway FZ-CTC system in China,this paper has ana-lyzed such problems as the high cost for using the station decentralized CTC mode,decentralized CTC mode,the imper-fect control function of the existing railway,too many interfaces of the passenger dedicated line,the unreasonable set-tings of the traffic control panel,the inconsistent of the system interface,the high fault rate of the system channel equip-ment and for reducing operating costs and improving the efficiency of railway transportation,presented some proposals such as promoting the regional decentralized CTC mode,perfecting shunting intelligent control functions,developing based on the station subsystem integration CTC,merging of the traffic co

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肿瘤复发转移是导致死亡的主要原因。在外周血中检测循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)对解决复发转移监测、肿瘤分子特征等临床问题有重要的应用价值。随着新的检测技术和方法的出现,使得CTC检测的特异性和灵敏度有了很大提高。本文从CTC的形成机制、检测方法以及CTC检测与结肠癌患者的治疗疗效、预后及手术的相关性几个方面,全面阐述了CTC检测在结直肠癌的研究进展。
Metastatic and recurrent tumors have been identified as the leading cause to deaths. Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood has important application value to the solution of the clinical problems such as recrudescence, metastasis, detection and tumor molecular characteristics. The emergence of the new testing technology and methods make the specificity and sensitivity of CTC detection improve greatly. This paper comprehensively expounded the research process of CTC detection on colorectal cancer from the perspective of formation mechanism of CTC, detection methods of CTC, the treatment efficacy of colorectal cancer patients, prognosis and the surgical relevance.

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目的探讨肺癌患者循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)与其临床病理特征的关系。方法取65例肺癌(肺癌组)、10例肺良性疾病患者和10例健康志愿者(对照组)外周血7.5mL,应用免疫磁珠阴性富集联合免疫细胞化学染色检测Pan-CK+/CD45-的CTC,分析CTC与患者临床特征的关系。结果在65例肺癌患者中,CTC阳性率为69.23%(45/65),肺良性疾病患者及健康志愿者均未检出CTC。TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者CTC阳性率分别为23.08%(3/13)、50.00%(6/12)、90.00%(36/40),各亚组肺癌患者CTC阳性率差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);转移性(M1期)肺癌患者CTC阳性率为83.33%(35/42),较非转移性(M0期)肺癌患者CTC阳性率43.48%(10/23)显著升高(P=0.002);随着转移部位个数(0、1、2、3)的增多,CTC阳性率呈升高趋势(43.48%、83.33%、87.50%、75.00%),各亚组肺癌患者CTC阳性率差异有统计学意义(P=0.024);CTC阳性率在细胞角质蛋白19片段(Cyfra21-1)5.6μmol/L组(53.33%,16/30)与Cyfra21-1≥5.6μmol/L组(82.86%,29/35)间差异有统计学意义(P=0.021);在乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)270U/L组(55.00%,22/40)与LDH≥270U/L组(92.00%,23/25)间差异也有统计学意义(P=0.004)。结论部分肺癌患者中存在CTC;CTC阳性率与肺癌患者的临床分期、M分期、发生远处转移部位的个数、Cyfra21-1值及LDH值密切相关;检测CTC有利于更精确的病情评估。
Objective To investigate the relationship between the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and the clinicopatho-logic characteristics of primary lung cancer patients .Methods Samples of peripheral blood(7 .5 mL) from 65 cases of patients with lung cancer(lung cancer group) and 10 cases of patients with lung benign diseases and 10 healthy volunteers (control group) ,and then those CTC were enriched by negative immunomagnetic separation with anti-CD45 antibody and then dectected by immunocyto-chemistry with anti-pan-cytokeratin antibody .The relationship between the positive rate of CTC and clinicopathologic characteristics of lung cancer patients were analyzed .Results The positive rate of CTC in lung cancer patients was 69 .23% (45/65) ,while CTC was not detected in any patients with lung benign disease or healthy volunteers .The positive rate of CTC in patients at TNM stageⅠ - Ⅱ ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 23 .08% (3/13) ,50 .00% (6/12) and 90 .00% (36/40) ,respectively .There was

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肿瘤循环细胞（ CTC）是近年来通过外周血检测肿瘤细胞的热点。消化系统恶性肿瘤属于高发和导致死亡的常见恶性肿瘤，有效检测CTC的数量及标记物表达，对于消化系统恶性肿瘤患者的临床病理特征、抗肿瘤治疗疗效、预后有着重要的意义，还可以作为潜在的分子治疗靶点。针对CTC现有的富集、检测方法及其在肝癌、胰腺癌、食管癌、胃癌及结直肠癌诊断治疗中的研究进展进行概括，探讨CTC的本质，并提出CTC的应用前景。
In recent years , circulating tumor cell ( CTC ) has been a highlight of the research on detecting free tumor cells in peripheral blood .Cancers of digestive system are the most common malignant tumors and have high incidence and mortality .The accurate detection of CTC and the expression of tumor marker are closely associated with clinical features ,response of anti-tumor therapy and prognosis in patients with malignant tumors of digestive system .Moreover,CTC may become a potential molecular therapy target .In this paper,we generally reviewed the techniques of CTC enrichment and detection ,and the clinical study in live cancer,pancreatic cancer ,esophageal carcinoma ,gastric cancer and colorectal cancer .We also discussed the characteristics of CTC so as to provide for future research .

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循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)可作为非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC) TNM分期系统的有益补充,更好地反映患者的综合状况.CTC对肺癌疗效的监测具有重要潜在意义,可起到实时检测的效果.随着CTC检测方法的改进以及敏感性、特异性的提高,其临床研究可能对预后评价提供更多的帮助.
As a useful supplement for TNM staging system of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),circulating tumor cell (CTC) can better reflect the comprehensive condition of the patient.CTC plays an important potential role in monitoring curative effect of lung cancer,and has the effect of real-time detection.With the development of the CTC detection method and the improvement of sensitivity and specificity,clinical studies about CTC will provide more help for prognosis evaluation.

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肝细胞肝癌（HCC）是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，HCC的早期诊断和预后评估在肝癌治疗中具有重要意义。循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）作为HCC复发转移中的关键环节以及HCC—CTC检测的可行性，使其成为肝癌研究的前沿和热点，在肝移植术后免疫抑制状态下，CTC产生并存活下来的概率大大增加。本文就HCC-CTC与其他循环肿瘤细胞的区别、HCC—CTC检测方法和临床研究进展以及在肝癌肝移植中的应用前景进行了综述。
Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) is one of the common malignant tumors in the world.The early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC plays critical roles in the treatments for HCC . Circulating tumor cell ( CTC) have nowadays become the frontier and hot spot in liver cancer research as its key roles in HCC recurrence and metastasis , also because of the feasibility of CTC detection . Moreover , the immunosuppressive status after liver transplantation would significantly increase the survival of CTC released into the circulation .In this paper, we elucidated the characterics of HCC-CTC and reviewed its detection methods and the clinical progresses , as well as the application prospects in liver transplantation .

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观察贝伐珠单抗治疗恶性肿瘤的相关不良反应及处理方法。方法:13例恶性肿瘤患者,均接受含贝伐珠单抗药物治疗,及时记录并处理与之相关的不良反应。结果:13例患者治疗过程中出现:2例高血压(CTC 2级),4例少量出血(CTC 1级),1例皮疹(CTC 1级),4例蛋白尿(CTC 1级),不良反应轻微,发生率低,及时处理相关不良反应非常必要,未见严重不良事件。结论:贝伐珠单抗是抗肿瘤血管生成的靶向治疗新药,安全性好,不良反应少。
Objective:To observe related adverse events and management principles to bevacizumab in the treatment of malignant tumors. Methods:13 cases of malignant tumor patients, treated with bevacizumab therapy, timely recorded and treated associated with adverse reactions.Results: 0f the 13 patients during the course of treatment, those with 2 cases of hypertension (CTC 2), 4cases of bleeding (CTC 1), 1 cases of skin rash (CTC 1), 4 cases of urinary protein (CTC 1). The adverse reactions were slight, occurence rate wrere low, however timely processing of related adverse reaction was very necessary, there were no serious adverse events. Conclusions:Bevacizumab was anti angiogenesis in tumor targeted therapy drugs with good safety as well as less adverse reaction.

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目的通过比较不同血管通路对于血透患者的充分性和并发症，探讨持续血液透析患者理想的血管通路。方法选择我院肾内科2011年1月-2012年4月开始进行规律血液透析的患者，随访12-28月，评估动静脉内瘘(AVF)和带袖套隧道导管(CTC)的Kt/V值，比较二者并发症发生率。结果67例患者中，采用AVF的41例，CTC的26例：AVF组的年龄和感染发生率比CTC组低(P 1.2，但AVF组高于CTC组(P<0.05)。结论 AVF组患者年龄轻、感染发生率低，应是长期血管通路的首选，CTC在AVF无法建立时可作为较好的长期血管通路。
Objective To compare the dialsyis adequacy and access-related complication of native arteriovenous fistula and cuffed and tunneled catheter, and try to find out an iedal vascular access approach. Methods Patients who underwent an operation of long-term hemodialysis access between Jan. 2011 and Apr. 2012 were inrolled in this study. Kt/V and the morgidity of access -related complications were evaluated and compared in a follow-up period of 12-28 months between patients using vascular access of native arteriovenous fistula(AVF) and patients of cuffed and tunneled catherte(CTC) in an internal jugular vein. Results In the 67 maintenance hemodialysis patients, 41 cases were used native AVF and 26 cases used CTC as the long-term vascular access for hemodialysis. Compared with CTC group, the patients of native AVF group were yonhger and had lower infection rate(P<0.05). Kt/V value was more than 1.2 in both groups, but was higher in native AVF group, compared with that of CTC group(P<0.05). Co

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根据铁道部要求FZy-CTC系统增加了列车占用丢失报警功能,对运输指挥起到了较好的指导作用。描述FZy-CTC系统如何抽象该需求,对列车运行轨迹进行逻辑检查,并最终实现列车占用丢失报警功能。
Based on the requirement from the MOR, FZy-CTC system adds a new function of train-occu- pancy lost alarm, which can be used as guides in traffic control. This article describes how to abstract the requirements and conduct logic check on trains＇movements to implement the train-occupancy lost alarm in the FZy-CTC system.

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