目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)联合内镜乳头括约肌切开术(EST)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果。方法回顾性分析LC联合EST治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石652例病例情况。结果 652例中EST成功634例(97.2%),再行LC成功621例(97.9%)。LC后平均住院4 d(2~15 d)。652例中有EST前伴有急性胰腺炎171例;不伴有急性胰腺炎481例,但EST后并发胰腺炎62例(13.1%)。621例LC后,合并胆汁漏8例(1.2%),经术中引流而愈;合并胆囊区积液120例(19.0%),其中118例自愈,另外2例脓肿形成在超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流而愈。结论 LC联合EST治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石有治愈率高、住院时间短、并发症轻等优点,安全有效。

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC) combined with endoscopic sphincter-otomy ( EST) for treatment of gallstones with common bile duct stones. Methods Clinical data of 652 patients who were treated by LCs and ESTs were retrospectively analyzed. Results ESTs were successfully accomplished in 634 patients (97. 2%), and LCs were successfully ac-complished in 621 among the 634 patients (97. 9%) after ESTs. The mean length of hospitalization after LCs was 4 days (2~15 days). In all 652 patients, there were 233 cases of acute pancreatitis, including 171 cases before ESTs and 62 cases (13. 1%) after ESTs, and they were all cured after ESTs. In 621 patients after LCs, bile leakages occurred in 8 patients (1. 2%) and they were cured with intraoperative drainages. Local fluid accumulations occurred in 120 patients (19. 0%), and 118 cases of them healed without management, and the other 2 cases were cured with percutaneous tube-placement drainages

目的比较窝沟釉质成形封闭术（EST）与普通窝沟封闭术（CST）防治龋齿的临床疗效。方法选择126例患儿的左下颌第一恒磨牙进行EST （EST组），右下颌第一恒磨牙进行CST（CST组），术后1、2、3年复查，对比观察两组龋病发生和封闭剂保留情况。结果126例患者获得3年以上随访。EST组1、2、3年的龋病发生率分别为：0.73%、2.38%、3.97%；CST组1、2、3年的龋病发生率分别为：1.59%、3.97%、8.73%。EST组1、2、3年的封闭剂保存率分别为：94.4%、91.3%、86.5%；CST组1、2、3年的封闭剂保存率分别为：91.3%、81.7%、65.1%；两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 EST在降低龋病的发病率及提高封闭剂的保存率方面均优于CST，推荐在有条件的情况下，应尽可能采用EST。

Objective To Enameloplasty sealant technique versus conventional sealant technique for caries prevention. Methods 126 cases of the first permanent molars in the mandibula were sealed by EST and CST.The preservation rate of the sealant was produced after a follow-up of 3 years. Results 126 patients for more than 3 years of follow-up. Three years, the incidence of caries EST group were:0.73%, 2.38%, 3.97%;the The CST group caries incidence were:1.59%, 3.97%and 8.73%, respectively. The preservation rate of sealers EST group for three years, respectively:94.4%, 91.3%, 86.5%; preservation rate of sealers CST group three years are as follows: 91.3%, 81.7%, 65.1%; second group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion EST are superior in reducing the incidence of dental caries and improve the preservation rate of sealers CST, recommended should be used whenever possible in the case of conditional EST.

为挖掘番薯(Ipomoea)属EST-SSR资源,从NCBI数据库下载23406条甘薯(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)EST和62282条牵牛(Ipomoea nil(L.)Roth)EST,利用生物信息学软件预处理、去冗余、拼接后得到12812条无冗余的甘薯EST(6.70Mb)和28422条牵牛唯一序列(17.19 Mb)。对这些序列进行SSR搜索,在甘薯上获得328个SSR位点,出现频率为2.56%;牵牛上筛选到962个SSR位点,出现频率为3.38%。甘薯和牵牛EST-SSR具有多个共同特征:在SSR位点中,主要是二核苷酸重复类型,其次是三核苷酸重复;在二核苷酸重复中,出现最多的重复基序为AG/CT,其次是AT/AT;在三核苷酸重复中,主要基序是AAG/CCT;SSR位点的长度主要集中在20~22 bp。结果表明,搜索出的EST-SSR重复基序类型丰富、多态性潜能高,具有较高的开发和利用价值。

To excavate the EST-SSR resourses of lpomoea,12812 non-redundant ESTs with the total length about 6.70 Mb were obtained by assembling 23406 ESTs from Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.in NCBI.With the same way,28422 unique sequences covering 17.19 Mb were generated from Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth.A total of 328 SSR loci for Ipomoea batatas with the the frequency of 2.56％ and 962 SSR loci for Ipomoea nil with the frequency of 3.38％ were identified by MISA.The EST-SSRs from Ipomoea batatas and Ipomoea nil had many common features.Among all the identified SSRs,dinucleotide repeats were dominant motifs and then were trinucleotide repeats.For dinucleotide repeats,AG/CT was the major motif,followed by AT/AT.And AAG/CCT was the most frequent motif among the trinucleotide repeats.The length of EST-SSRs was mainly distributed among 20-22 bp.The results indicated that these EST-SSRs with abundant repeat motif types and high potential polymorphism had high value for exploitation and utilization.

通过对白木香样品的454GS FLX Titanium高通量测序,获取了大量白木香EST序列,从中搜索出956个SSR,根据引物设计标准,设计了44对EST-SSR引物。在合适的PCR反应体系下,以海南白木香样品的DNA为模板,对设计的EST-SSR引物进行筛选,发现有22对EST-SSR引物能较好地扩增出产物。在沉香属3个种9份样品中进一步对这些可扩增的引物进行多态性初步验证,所筛选引物均可在所有沉香属样品中使用,为后续白木香居群及沉香属植物遗传多样性分析奠定基础。

A large amount of Aquilaria sinensis ( Lour.) Gilg EST sequences were obtained through high -throughput sequen-cing by 454GS FLX Titanium.From these EST sequences, 956 SSRs were selected.Forty-four pairs of EST-SSR primers were designed to amplify flanking SSRs from 956 selected SSR-ESTs.Twenty-two pairs of primers were confirmed to be efficient in A. sinensis.The preliminary validation of the polymorphism of these 22 pairs of primers was further carried out in 9 samples of 3 species in Aquilaria, and the results showed that all these primers could be used in Aquilaria.This work lays a foundation for the consequent family analysis of A.sinensis and genetic diversity analysis of plants in Aquilaria.

通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对香樟、油樟、大叶樟、天竺桂四种樟属植物过氧化物同工酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)进行分析.电泳检测结果显示,香樟、油樟、大叶樟、天竺桂的POD同工酶各有4、4、3、6条条带,EST同工酶各有4、3、3、3条条带,四种植物的POD、EST同工酶酶谱之间存在共性和差异性.共性条带(POD的P4和EST的P1)体现了同为樟属植物的特征,差异性条带体现了物种特异性和种间的亲缘关系.大叶樟与天竺桂酶谱差异较大,亲缘关系较远,香樟与油樟酶谱差异较小,亲缘关系较近.这与形态方面的分类相一致.

The relative relationships of different varieties were defined by the comparison and analysis of isozyme zymo?grams. The reference for the aspects of classification, varieties appraisal and genetic breeding of Lauraceae plants were of?fered. With the method of polyacrylamide gel electronphoresis, peroxidase isozyme and esterase isozyme of four plant in genus of Lauraceae were observed and analyzed. The POD and EST electrophoresis test of four kinds of Lauraceae plants show that POD isozyme of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl, Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao ex H. W. Li, Cinnamomum septentrionale Hand.-Mazz., and Cinnamomum septentrionale Hand.-Mazz. each contain 4, 4, 3, 6 bands, and EST isozyme research shows that there are 4, 3, 3, 3 bands respectively. POD and EST isozyme zymogram dif?ferences of these four plants indicate that the types of POD and EST isozyme bear specificity. The enzyme of POD iso?zyme and EST isozyme of the four plants differs in depth, etc.,