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双语推荐：Friedel

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综述了近年来室温离子液体作为绿色溶剂和催化剂在有机合成反应中应用的研究进展,主要有Friedel-Crafts反应,Diels-Alder反应,Heck偶联反应,缩合反应等,为有机合成的绿色化工业应用及研究提供参考。
This is a review, the recent progress in research and application of room temperature ionic liquids as a green solvent and catalyst in organic synthesis, including Friedel-Crafts reaction, Diels-Alder reaction, coupling reaction, condensation reaction, and so on. It provides some reference for green organic synthesis research and application.

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以金作为催化剂高效地实现了吲哚对α-氨基酮的Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应。反应适用范围广泛,各种取代的α-氨基酮与吲哚高产率的生成相应的化合物,底物α-氨基酮分子中苯环上取代基的电负性对反应速度及产率没有明显影响。该方法具有反应时间短、产率高、适用范围广泛、后处理方便等优点,扩展了金催化剂在有机反应中的应用。
A novel highly efficient gold catalyst system was tested for Michael -type Friedel-Crafts reactions.Under the standard conditions , the corresponding products were prepared with a series of -amino ketones reacted with indole . The protocol developed represented an efficient methodology for the Friedel -Crafts additions, which were extremely useful synthetic pathways and widely used in the construction of a variety of synthetically , as well as biologically important compounds .

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以咔唑为起始原料,经Friedel-Crafts烷基化、Ullmann偶联、还原和胺醛缩合系列反应,合成了2个结构新颖的含咔唑结构单元的席夫碱类化合物,所得目标产物及中间体结构经1H NMR、13C NMR和IR 光谱确认.
With carbazole as starting material, two novel structure Schiff base containing carbazole moiety were synthesized through a serious of reaction such as Friedel-Crafts alkylation, Ullmann coupling, reduction and con-densation reaction.The structures of object products and intermediates were confirmed by 1H NMR , 13C NMR and IR spectrum.

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采用内掺氯化钠的方法,并借助X射线衍射仪和差式扫描量热仪,研究了碳化环境下粉煤灰和矿渣微粉对固化态氯离子稳定性的影响。结果表明:碳化环境下,固化态氯离子将失去稳定性,重新转变成游离态氯离子,而Friedel盐和水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶的分解是其失稳的主要原因;粉煤灰和矿渣微粉对固化态氯离子在碳化环境下的稳定性存在一定程度的负面影响,会加速其向游离态氯离子转变,尤以粉煤灰影响更甚;碳铝酸盐仅是Friedel盐碳化过程一个过渡性产物,其最终也将因为碳化而分解。
The effect of fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)on the stability of bound chloride ion under carbonation condition was investigated via an inner-induced sodium chloride method.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter,respectively.The results show that the bound chloride ion will lose its stability and become free under carbonation condition,resulting in the dissolution of the Friedel salt and C-S-H gel.The fly ash and GGBS both have a negative effect on the stability of bound chloride ions under such a condition,and their addition can accelerate the transformation of chloride ions from binding to free,especially for fly ash.It is also certified that calcium monocarboalumi-nate hydrate,which is a sole transitional product in the Friedel salt carbonated process,can be dissolved due to the carbonation reaction.

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综述了国内外吲哚-3-甲醛的传统合成方法,包括 Reimer-Tiemann 反应、吲哚盐与酰氯的反应、Duff 反应、Rieche 反应、Friedel-Crafts acylations 反应和 Vilsmeier-Haack 反应,并分析了其中存在的问题.同时介绍了近几年来在合成吲哚-3-甲醛方法中的进展.
The paper summaried of traditional synthesis methods of indole-3-carboxaldehyde at home and abroad, including Reimer-Tiemann reaction, the reaction of indole salt and chloride, Duff reaction, Rieche reaction, Friedel-Crafts acylations reaction and Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, and analyzed the problems in the traditional synthesis methods. Meanwhile, we introduced some new methods of the synthesis in recent years.

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以1-溴芘为原料,经傅瑞德尔-克拉夫茨(Friedel-Crafts)酰基化反应,以无水三氯化铝为催化剂,乙酰氯为酰基化试剂,合成了6-溴-1-乙酰芘.讨论了温度、催化剂用量、原料与试剂比等诸因素对反应的影响,并经元素分析、IR、1HNMR对其结构进行了表征.
With 1-bromide pyrene as the raw material and anhydrous aluminum chloride as a catalyst, 6-bromo-1-acetyl pyrene was synthesized through Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. The effect of temperature, amount of the catalyst, ratio of the raw material and reagents on the reaction was discussed. The structure of 6-bromo-1-acetyl pyrene was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and 1HNMR.

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报道了一种基于Friedel-Crafts反应的3-吲哚取代苯硼唑的水相合成方法.以邻甲酰苯硼酸和吲哚为原料,无需外加催化剂,在室温下使用纯水为反应介质,以中等到定量的产率得到3-吲哚取代的苯硼唑类化合物.该方法具有操作简单、合成效率高、环境友好的优点.
A highly efficient and catalyst free approach for the synthesis of 3-indolyl-substituted benzoboroxole via Friedel-Crafts reaction in water was developed successfully using readily accessible 2-formylbenzeneboronic acid and indole as the starting material and water as solvent at room temperature. An array of desired 3-indolyl-substituted benzoboroxoles was syn-thesized in moderate to near quantitative yield.

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绿色路易斯酸三卤化铟（三氯化铟）是一种高效的催化剂，不仅可以在有机相中还可以在水相中催化多种有机反应，如Friedel-Crafts酰化反应、各种酯交换反应等。除金属铟外，作为路易斯酸的三价铟化合物正引起人们越来越浓的兴趣，与此相关的研究工作也已成为有机合成方法中的一大热点。
The green Lewis acid (indium trichloride) is an efficient catalyst which can catalyze a variety of organic reactions in the both organic and aqueous phases, such as Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction, various transesterification reaction,etc. Besides the metal indium, the trivalent indium compounds regarded as Lewis acid also arouse increasing interest and the study on this area has been a central issue in organic synthesis.

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以苯甲醚为起始原料,经Friedel-Crafts反应、溴化和亲核取代转化为硼酸中间体2.以羟基丙酮12为起始原料,经过Wittig反应、溴化、Arbuzov反应、Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons(HWE)反应后得到共轭烯烃溴代物3;化合物2分别与化合物3、4-溴-2-氟苯甲酸甲酯(4)和6-溴烟酸甲酯(5)经Suzuki偶联反应和水解反应,得到三个未见报道的维甲酸类似物1a~1c.同时,以溴苯为起始原料经Friedel-Crafts反应、硝化反应、三氟甲基化反应、硝基还原和亲核取代合成了含有三氟甲基的维甲酸类似物1d.化合物1a~1d的结构经过1H NMR,13C NMR,IR及HRMS的表征,并对四个化合物进行了HL-60细胞株分化活性能力的测试.结果表明化合物1a~1d都具有潜在的药物活性,其中含氟维甲酸类似物1b和1d拥有较商品化药物全反式维甲酸(ATRA)更低的IC50值.
The key intermediate boronic acid 2 was synthesized via sequential reactions of Friedel-Crafts alkylation, bromi-nation and nucleophilic reaction by using anisole as starting material. Hydroxyacetone was converted to bromide compound 3 by the Wittig reaction, bromination, Arbuzov reaction and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction. Three novel retinoid derivatives 1a~1c can be obtained via the Suzuki coupling reaction of the boronic acid 2 with bromide compound 3, methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (4) or methyl 6-bromonicotinate (5) and followed by hydrolysis of the corresponding esters. In addition, trifluoromethyl substituted retinoid derivative 1d was synthesized via sequential reactions of Friedel-Crafts alkyla-tion, nitration, trifluoromethylation, reduction and nucleophilic reaction with bromobenzene as strarting material. The struc-tures of four new retinoid derivatives 1a~1d were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HRMS analyses. Furthermore, the inducing differentiation abiliti

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以4,4’-二氯甲基联苯为单体在混合溶剂中通过 Friedel-Crafts 反应直接聚合制得超高交联吸附树脂.该吸附树脂具有多级孔结构,孔径可调,且具有超高的孔容(2．53 cm3/g)和比表面积(1592 m2/g).混合溶剂中的正己烷可作为介孔模板剂,通过调节混合溶剂的比例可有效地控制吸附树脂的孔道结构.
Hypercrosslinked adsorption resins were synthesized with Friedel-Crafts reaction of 4,4’-bis (chlo-romethyl)-1,10-biphenyl in mixed solvent by using one pot synthesis.The resultant adsorption resins exhibit hierarchical pore structure,adjustable pore size,super high pore volume(2.53 cm3/g)and surface area (1 592 m2/g).It was found that the n-hexane in mixed solvent can used as mesoporous template,and the pore size of the adsorption resin can be effectively adjusted by changing the mixing ratio.

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