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双语推荐：SSA

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目的：探讨抗核抗体（ANA）、干燥综合征A抗体（SSA）和干燥综合征B抗体（SSB）检测在原发性干燥综合征诊断中的临床意义。方法选择2012年1月至2013年12月期间收治220例原发性干燥综合征患者作为观察组，110例非原发性干燥综合征患者作为对照组，对两组人员进行ANA、SSA及SSB的检测，并进行比较。结果观察组患者SSA、SSB、SSA/SSB的检测阳性率明显高于对照组，差异有显著性（ P ＜0.05）；而两组ANA检测阳性率相比较，无显著性差异（ P ＞0.05）。结论 SSA、SSB及SSA/SSB检测在原发性干燥综合征诊断中，具有较强的特异性，值得临床推广应用。
Objective To explore clinical analysis of ANA,SSA and SSB detection in the diagnosis of primary Sjogrenˊs syndrome. Methods Total 220 cases of patients with primary Sjogrenˊs syndrome in our hospital were considered as observation group,while non primary Sjogrenˊs syndrome patients selected as control group. ANA,SSA and SSB in two groups were detected. Results In 220 cases of patients with pri-mary Sjogrenˊs syndrome,the positive rate of SSA,SSB and SSA/SSB in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group. The difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05). Con-clusion SSA,SSB and SSA/SSB detection in diagnosis of primary Sjogrenˊs syndrome showed specificity,so it is worth applying in clinic widely.

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目的初步研究不同浓度的柴胡皂苷A(saikosaponin A,SSA)对鼻咽癌细胞凋亡诱导作用及其机制。方法体外常规培养人鼻咽癌5-8F细胞,将SSA溶解于含0.2%二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)的Dulbecco改良Eagle培养基(dulbecco''s modified eagle medium,DMEM)高糖培养基中,分别以0(对照组)、5、10和20μmol/L SSA作用于鼻咽癌细胞48小时,之后用免疫印迹法检测不同浓度的SSA对鼻咽癌细胞总的细胞外调节蛋白激酶(total extrallular signal regulated protein kinase,t-ERK)及磷酸化的细胞外调节蛋白激酶(phosphorylated extrallular signal regulated protein kinase,p-ERK)蛋白表达量的影响,并通过流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡水平的变化。结果与对照组相比,10~20μmol/L SSA作用48小时,鼻咽癌细胞中ERK蛋白磷酸化水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义;而与对照组相比,10~20μmol/L SSA处理的鼻咽癌细胞凋亡细胞数明显增加,差异有统计学意义,且随着SSA浓度的增加,凋亡细胞数也相应增多。结论一定浓度的SSA可引起鼻咽癌细胞凋亡率的上升,其机制可能与抑制ERK蛋白磷酸化表达有关。
Objective To investigate the effects of saikosaponin A ( SSA) on p-ERK expressions and apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell. Methods SH-SY5Y cells were established in vitro firstly, then SSA was dissolved in high glucose DMEM cultures which include 0. 2% DMSO, and the cul-tures were pretreated individually with 0 ~10 μmol/L SSA for 48 hours, and then, the expressions of t-ERK and p-ERK were analyzed by western-blotting in the cells for different concentrations of SSA. At the same time, apoptosis levels of cells were analyzed flow cytometry. Results A significant inhibition of p-ERK was observed in 5-8F cells after treatment with SSA from 10 ~20 μmol/L groups for 48 h. It also shows that SSA from 10~20 μmol/L groups could also induce the apoptosis of 5-8F cells. Conclusion These results demonstrate that SSA can promote the apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ERK active expression.

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目的：利用慢病毒载体持续表达RNA干扰序列抑制基因表达，建立SSA/Ro52稳定基因沉默细胞系，为进一步研究SSA/Ro52的功能提供有效工具。方法4条SSA/Ro52特异序列（克隆1为TGGCATGGTCTCCTTCTACAA，克隆2为CTGCCTTCTTTATGGGACTTA，克隆9为TGAGAAGTTGGAAGTGGAAAT，克隆11为AGTTATCCTATGGTCCTGGGT）和无关对照序列克隆至慢病毒载体pLKO-puro，表达后可形成小发卡结RNA（small hair-pin，shRNA），通过RNA干扰机制抑制特异基因表达。表达SSA/Ro52特异序列的克隆1、2、9、11以及表达无关序列的对照克隆（scramble，S）分别与包装载体pGag-Pol和pVSV-G共同转染293T细胞，收集含病毒颗粒的培养液。用表达SSA/Ro52特异序列和无关对照序列的病毒颗粒感染Hela细胞，抗生素筛选，建立稳定细胞系。以GAPDH为内对照定量实时PCR检测SSA/Ro52 mRNA的表达。免疫印记检测SSA/Ro52蛋白，扫描SSA/Ro52条带与β-actin条带相比为SSA/Ro52蛋白的相对表达水平。克隆1、2、9、11转染细胞中SSA/Ro52的表达水平与对照克隆S的比值为基因表达的抑制程度。结果慢病毒颗粒可以有效感染Hela细胞，含shRNA表达框架的病毒序列可以整合至细胞基因组，形成稳定细胞系。克隆1、2、9、11转染细胞在抗生素筛选
Objective ToestablishthestableSSA/Ro52genesilencingcelllinesbylentiviralvestorsexpressing RNA interference molecule which should be powerful tools facilitating the study of SSA/Ro52 function. Methods Four specific sequences of SSA/Ro52 (clone 1 TGGCATGGTCTCCTTCTACAA;clone 2 CTGCCT-TCTTTATGGGACTTA;clone 9 TGAGAAGTTGGAAGTGGAAAT;clone 1 1 AGTTATCCTATGGTCCTGG-GT)and unrelated control sequence S were cloned into lentiviral vector pLKO-puro,which could express short hairpin RNA (shRNA)and inhibit expression of specific gene by RNA interference mechanism. Clone1,2,9,11 which expressing SSA/Ro52 specific sequences and control clone S were packed with pGag-Pol and pVSV-G respectively,then 293 T cells were co-transfected. Culture medium containing virus particles were collected. The viral particles which expressing specific sequences SSA/Ro52 and unrelated control sequences were used to infected Hela cells,after antibiotic selection,stable cell lines were established. We used GAPDH as

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以磺化硅胶( SSA)为催化剂催化合成尼泊金乙酯,考察SSA用量,反应时间、反应温度和醇酸摩尔比对尼泊金乙酯产率的影响,实验结果表明尼泊金乙酯的最佳反应条件为SSA用量0.3 g,反应时间4 h,反应温度为回流温度,醇酸比为41。尼泊金乙酯的收率为86.7%以SSA作为合成尼泊金酯的催化剂具有产率高,操作简便,可重复使用,具有较好的应用前景。
Silica sulfuric acid was used as the catalyst for synthesis of nipagin ester. The efects of SSA amounts, reaction time, reaction temperature and molar ratio of alcoholto acid on the product yield were investigated. The experimental results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows:reaction time 4 h at reflux temperature, the molar ratio of alcohol to acid 41, the amounts of SSA 0.3 g. The yield of nipagin ester was 86.7%. The synthesis of Nipagin ester using SSA as catalyst, is an easy way with high productivity and repeated utilization, has better application prospect.

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积累的社会结构(Social Structure of Accumulation,简称SSA)理论是激进政治经济学领域最重要的理论创新之一,该理论有着坚实的马克思主义经济学渊源。西方激进主义经济学者对该理论的研究成果众多,创新不断。本文将该理论研究的最新趋向归纳为三点:一是西方激进主义学者开始从宏观的角度重新思考和构建或者说是界定一种新的可以认知资本主义发展的SSA理论框架;二是西方激进主义学者开始对SSA的形成;三是发展中的机制和要素进行探讨和西方激进主义学者开始从积累的社会结构角度解读"中国模式",并且对西方激进主义学者在这三个方面的研究方法和研究进展进行了深入评析,希望能对国内学者在认识和研究SSA理论时提供一些方向性的研究素材。
The theory of Social Structure of Accumulation is one of the most important theoretical innovations in Radical Political Economics;this theory has a solid Marxism economics origin. The theory research of Western Radicalism scholars is numerous, innovation is constant. This paper will study the latest trend of the theory and summarize as three interpretation: firstly, Western Radicalism scholars start from the perspective of rethinking and construct, or defining a new SSA theoretical cognitive framework of the development of capitalism;secondly, Western Radicalism scholars began to discuss the mechanism and factors of the formation and development of SSA, thirdly, the Western Radicalism scholars begin to read"China model"from the Angle of SSA, also study the research methods and research progress of these three aspects, in hopes of providing some directional foreign research material of SSA theories to domestic scholars.

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目的：探讨结直肠无蒂锯齿状腺瘤/息肉（ SSA/P ）的临床病理特征及其鉴别诊断。方法对同济大学附属同济医院2008至2013年间5209例结直肠内镜活检标本进行回顾性阅片，筛选出353例锯齿状病变纳入此次研究范围；收集和分析相关临床病理资料，观察SSA/P镜下病理形态特征以及与其他亚型之间的鉴别诊断要点，评价其活检组织的诊断标准。结果353例结直肠锯齿状病变中检出SSA/P 25例（7.1％），增生性息肉（ HP ）278例（78.8％），传统锯齿状腺瘤（ TSA ）44例（12.5％）。25例SSA/P中男16例，女9例，平均年龄62.2岁（34～84岁）；发生部位依次为乙状结肠14例，升结肠9例，直肠1例及横结肠1例。内镜描述肿瘤多为宽蒂息肉。活检标本病灶直径0.3～2.0 cm（平均直径0.73 cm）。光镜观察，典型SSA/P显示明显的锯齿状结构和隐窝结构的异常；隐窝扩张、隐窝分支在SSA/P和HP两组中的检出率分别是：100％（25/25）和24％（12/50，P＜0.01）；72％（18/25）和4％（2/50，P＜0.01）；“L”形/锚状隐窝、黏膜肌的假浸润、细胞核的不典型性和黏液分泌增多仅在SSA/P中发现，检出率分别为48％（12/25）、16％（4/25）、32％（8/25）和24％（6/25）。结论结直肠SSA/P的组织形态学特点是明
Objective To investigate clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal sessile serrated adenoma/polyp ( SSA/P) and its differential diagnosis from other serrated lesions. Methods Clinicopathological features of all cases of colorectal serrated lesions from 5 209 colorectal biopsy samples at Shanghai Tongji Hospital from 2008 to 2013 were reviewed.Three hundred and fifty-three cases of serrated lesions were erolled in the study .Morphological features of SSA/P were investigated with an emphasis on histologic criteria for diagnosis and a literature review was performed.Results Three hundred and fifty-three cases of serrated lesions were identified , including 25 SSA/P ( 7.1%) , 278 hyperplastic polyp ( HP, 78.8%) , and 44 traditional serrated adenoma ( TSA, 12.5%).Twenty-five patients with SSA/P consisted of 16 males and 9 females with a mean age of 62.2 years ( aged 34-84 years ) and the lesions involved sigmoid colon (14 cases), ascending colon (9 cases), rectum (1 case)

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抗SSA/Ro抗体的靶抗原SSA/Ro核蛋白由Ro蛋白和hYRNA两部分组成，其中Ro蛋白包括Ro60和Ro52两种类型，Ro60蛋白是由Heat重复区域和vWFA区域两结构域组成， Ro52蛋白则具有三结构域蛋白家族成员的结构特征。Ro60抗原与Ro52抗原均包含一系列抗原表位，并且可分别诱导产生针对这些抗原表位的抗体，这些表位抗体与不同的疾病及临床表现相关。抗SSA/Ro抗体可经胎盘由母亲传递至胎儿，导致胎儿心肌细胞炎症损伤或干扰钙离子通道功能从而产生胎儿或新生儿房室传导阻滞，此外QTc间期延长、窦性心动过缓等心律失常也有报道。曾经认为抗SSA/Ro抗体不会对成人心脏有影响，但最新的研究发现抗SSA/Ro抗体可通过抑制KCNH2离子通道功能干扰心肌细胞复极从而导致成人QTc间期延长，并不断有报道显示抗SSA/Ro抗体与成人房室传导阻滞相关。抗SSA/Ro抗体导致心律失常的确切机制目前仍未完全阐明，抗SSA/Ro表位抗体在心律失常中的分布仍不清楚，对抗 SSA/Ro 表位抗体与心律失常间关系的研究将具有重要的理论和临床实际意义。
The ribonucleoprotein SSA/Ro, which is the target antigen of anti-SSA/Ro antibodies, is composed of Ro proteins and hYRNAs. Ro proteins include Ro60 protein and Ro52 protein, among which, Ro60 protein consists of HEAT repeats domain and vWFA domain while Ro52 protein has the structural characteristics of TRIM family members. Both the Ro60 and Ro52 antigens are composed of a series of epitopes, which have their own specific autoantibodies, and the autoantibodies to the different epitopes may be related with miscellaneous clinical manifestations of the autoimmune diseases. Anti-SSA/Ro antibodies could be passed from mother to fetus through placenta, and then lead to inflammatory damages in fetal cardiomyocytes or interfered with the function of calcium ion channels, and eventually results in fetal or neonatal atrioventricular block. Moreover, the other arrhythmia has also been reported, such as QTc interval prolongation and sinus bradycardia. Recent studies demonstrated that also adult h

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目的：探讨中频电刺激治疗仪对脑卒中吞咽功能障碍的治疗效果。方法107例卒中后吞咽困难患者随机分成电刺激组（38例）、手法康复组（38例）、药物治疗组（31例），每组治疗前后行SSA评分。结果从SSA评分看，各组治疗前后吞咽功能均有改善，SSA评分下降，但仅电刺激组、手法康复，组内比较有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；而且它们各自与单纯药物组组间比较有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。三者中，中频电刺激治疗组SSA评分及总有效率最高（P＜0.05）。结论中频电刺激治疗仪对脑卒中吞咽功能障碍治疗大有裨益，值得临床推广应用。
Objective: to study the intermediate frequency electric stimulation therapy apparatus on the therapeutic effect of swalowing dysfunction in stroke. Methods: 107 patients with dysphagia after stroke were randomly divided into electrical stimulation group (38 cases), the technique of rehabilitation group (38 cases), drug therapy group (31 cases), each group of lines of SSA score before and after treatment. Results: from the SSA score, swalowing function before and after the treatment groups are improved, the SSA score decreased, but only electrical stimulation group, the rehabiltation, way in comparison with statistical significance (P < 0.05); And their respective compared with pure drugs between way was statisticaly significant (P< 0.05). Of the three, intermediate frequency electric stimulation treatment group SSA score and the total effective rate was highest (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the intermediate frequency electric stimulation therapy apparatus wil be great help for swalowing dysf

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优质的初等教育有助于塑造一个发展的个体和社会。政府为了促进普及免费初等教育的发展,开展了普及初等教育计划（Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan）。SSA-I已经取得一定的成就,所以在SSA-Ⅱ,关键是要转移关注点并且提出未来进一步的发展战略,以促进初等教育的普及化。
Quality primary education goes a long way in shaping a"developed"and"empowered"individual and society. The gov-ernment encourages to implement Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. In the first phase of the SSA, we have made a great progress. So in the next phase of the SSA, he government should change the focus. The government must provide the further strategy to promote uni-versal primary education.

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针对总电子含量TEC非线性、非平稳的特性,将SSA方法引入到TEC预报中,对SSA分解并筛选合并后的分量进行ARMA模型预测,然后叠加各个分量的预报值.采用IGS提供的2010年电离层TEC数据进行实验,结果表明,利用该组合方法预报5d的TEC的平均相对精度为92％,比仅用ARMA模型提高4％.
Based on the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of total electric contents time series,the combination of SSA method and ARMA model was proposed to predict TEC.In the combination,ARMA model is used to predict the data which had been decomposed and filtered by SSA method,and the predicted value of each component is overlaid.The results calculated by the combination for 2010TEC data show that the mean relative precision of TEC prediction for 5 days is 92％ by the combination,and the accuracy is improved of 4％,comparing with individual ARMA method.

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