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双语推荐：mechanisms

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文章阐述了mechanical properties中译名由“机械性能”到“力学性能”的演变过程，认为mechanical properties译为“力学性能”并不合适，应译为“机械性能”。指出了这种变更存在的问题，进一步说明了mechanical properties一词的定义。
This article mainly elaborates the evolution process of the Chinese translation on “mechanical properties”. The author points out that “lixue xingnen” is not suitable for the Chinese translation of“mechanical properties”, and further il ustrate that the definition on the term “mechanical properties”.

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Atoms are hold together to form different materials and devices through short range interactions such as chemical bonds and long range interactions such as the van der Waals force and electromagnetic interactions. Quantum mechanics is powerful to describe the short range interactions of materials at the nanometer scale, while molecular mechanics and dynamics based on empirical potentials are able to simulate material behaviors at much large scales, but weak in handling of processes including charge transfer and redistributions, such as mechanical-electric coupling of functional nanomaterials, plastic deformation, fracture and phase transition of nanomaterials. These issues are also challenging to quantum mechanics which needs to be extended to van der Waals distance and larger spatial as well as temporal scales. Here, we make brief review and discussions on such kind of mechanical behaviors of some important functional nanomaterials and nanostructures, to probe the frontier of nanomech
Atoms are hold together to form different materials and devices through short range interactions such as chemical bonds and long range interactions such as the van der Waals force and electromagnetic interactions.Quantum mechanics is powerful to describe the short range interactions of materials at the nanometer scale:while molecular mechanics and dynamics based on empirical potentials are able to simulate material behaviors at much large scales,but weak in handling of processes including charge transfer and redistributions,such as mechanical-electric coupling of functional nanomaterials:plastic deformation,fracture and phase transition of nanomaterials.These issues are also challenging to quantum mechanics which needs to be extended to van der Waals distance and larger spatial as well as temporal scales.Here,we make brief review and discussions on such kind of mechanical behaviors of some important functional nanomaterials and nanostructures,to probe the frontier of nanomechanics and

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Surface mechanical attrition treatment(SMAT) was developed to synthesize nanostructure coatings on alloy surface. The SMAT action was applied in the process of Ni and Cu electroplating coatings on NdFeB substrates in this paper. The role of mechanical attrition during barrel plating on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion resistant properties of the coatings was examined. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) observation showed that the mechanical attrition could refine grain size, markedly smooth the coating surface and obviously decrease the number of pore in the coatings. The continuous collisions of glass balls onto the NdFeB samples could induce more beneficial nucleation defects on the coating, which was helpful for increasing nucleation sites and the nucleation rate. The mechanical attrition could also restrain the heterogeneous growth of the coating grain tips due to the abrasive action of stainless steel balls. The Tafel polarization curve experimental result
Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was developed to synthesize nanostructure coatings on alloy surface. The SMAT action was applied in the process of Ni and Cu electroplating coatings on NdFeB substrates in this paper. The role of me-chanical attrition during barrel plating on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion resistant properties of the coatings was exam-ined. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that the mechanical attrition could refine grain size, markedly smooth the coating surface and obviously decrease the number of pore in the coatings. The continuous collisions of glass balls onto the NdFeB samples could induce more beneficial nucleation defects on the coating, which was helpful for increasing nucleation sites and the nucleation rate. The mechanical attrition could also restrain the heterogeneous growth of the coating grain tips due to the abra-sive action of stainless steel balls. The Tafel polarization curve experimental results ind

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The coupling mechanism between mining-induced mechanical behavior and gas permeability of coal is effectively obtained in laboratory. This study means significant understanding of the prevention of coal-gas outburst. The testing samples of coal were drilled from the 14120 mining face at the depth of 690 m. Based on the redistribution of stress during the excavation, the coupling test between mechanical state and seepage has been designed using the triaxial servo-controlled seepage equipment for thermo-fluid-solid coupling of coal containing methane. It is the result that there are two main factors influenc-ing the mining-induced mechanical behavior of coal, such as the change of r1 - r3 and Dr1 - Dr3. The failure mode mainly depends on the value of r1 - r3, and the peak strength value mainly depends on the value of Dr1 - Dr3. The difference of mechanical response between geostress and mining-induced stress has been obtained, which can be a theoretical support for safe mining such as re
The coupling mechanism between mining-induced mechanical behavior and gas permeability of coal is effectively obtained in laboratory. This study means significant understanding of the prevention of coal-gas outburst. The testing samples of coal were drilled from the 14120 mining face at the depth of 690 m. Based on the redistribution of stress during the excavation, the coupling test between mechanical state and seepage has been designed using the triaxial servo-controlled seepage equipment for thermo-fluid-solid coupling of coal containing methane. It is the result that there are two main factors influenc-ing the mining-induced mechanical behavior of coal, such as the change of r1 - r3 and Dr1 - Dr3. The failure mode mainly depends on the value of r1 - r3, and the peak strength value mainly depends on the value of Dr1 - Dr3. The difference of mechanical response between geostress and mining-induced stress has been obtained, which can be a theoretical support for safe mining such as re

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In order to improve the corrosion and mechanical properties of AM50 magnesium alloy, 1 wt.% Gd was used to modify the AM50 magnesium alloy. The microstructure, corrosion and mechanical properties were evaluated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), electrochemical and mechanical stretch methods. The results indicated that β-Mg17Al12 phase decreased and Al2Gd3 and Al0.4GdMn1.6 phase existed after Gd addition. Because of the Gd addition, the grain of AM50 magnesium alloy was refined significantly, which improved the tensile strength of AM50 magnesium alloy. The decreasing of β phase improved the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy. The fracture mechanism of the Gd modified AM50 magnesium alloy was quasi-cleavage fracture. The corrosion residual strength(CRS) of AM50 magnesium alloy was improved after 1 wt.% Gd addition.
In order to improve the corrosion and mechanical properties of AM50 magnesium alloy, 1 wt.% Gd was used to modify the AM50 magnesium alloy. The microstructure, corrosion and mechanical properties were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electrochemical and mechanical stretch methods. The results indicated that β-Mg17Al12 phase decreased and Al2Gd3 and Al0.4GdMn1.6 phase existed after Gd addition. Because of the Gd addition, the grain of AM50 magnesium alloy was refined significantly, which improved the tensile strength of AM50 magnesium al-loy. The decreasing ofβ phase improved the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy. The fracture mechanism of the Gd modified AM50 magnesium alloy was quasi-cleavage fracture. The corrosion residual strength (CRS) of AM50 magnesium alloy was im-proved after 1 wt.% Gd addition.

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笔者在资料[1]中论证名词Mechanical properties在广义上应是机械性能,不是力学性能。进一步分析后,提出"力学性能"是伪名词的论点,以供商榷。
The paper proposes that the term of“mechanical property”in a broad sense refers to property of machine, not dynamical performance. After further analysis, the paper puts forward“mechanical property”is pseudo term.

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同是按国际标准ISO起草的国家标准,对同一mechanical properties,GB/T 3098称为机械性能,GB/T 2975和GB/T10623称为力学性能。由于后两个是基础标准,许多人都被认为力学性能替代了机械性能。而本文分析认为应称机械性能。
GB/T3098, GB/T 2975 and GB/T10623 are national standards drafted all according to ISO international standards. For the “mechanical properties”, in GB/T3098 is called as “机械性能” (mechanical properties), but in GB/T 2975 and GB/T10623 it is called “力学性能” (mechanics properties). As GB/T 2975 and GB/T10623 are basic standards, many people consider that “mechanics properties” has replaced “mechanical properties”, however, this paper concludes that the “mechanical properties” should be called as “机械性能” according to the analysis below.

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回顾了人们对质子特性的认识历程,对现有的几种质子输运机理作了评述,并重点分析了Grutthuss理论、运载机理(Vehicle Mechanism)及分子扩散触发结构扩散理论(Structure Diffusion Triggered by Molecular Diffusion).这些理论对新型质子导体材料探索和工业电化学过程都具有指导意义.
A brief review of the unique characteristics of proton is presented and a number of different proton transport mechanisms, especially the Grutthuss mechanism, vehicle mechanism and structure diffusion triggered by molecular diffusion, are discussed. These mechanisms are very instructive in development of new materials and electrochemical process.

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Effect of Ce-Mg-Si(light RE) and Y-Mg-Si(heavy RE) nodulizers on the microstructures and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile iron was investigated to develop the material of spent-nuclear-fuel containers. Two as-casts were treated by the same quality percentage of light RE and heavy RE, respectively. Four positions were chosen to stand for different solidification cooling rates of specimens. The tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness of specimens treated by heavy RE were all higher than those of the specimens treated by light RE. With the decrease of cooling rate, the mechanical properties of two specimens decreased, and the fracture morphology changed from ductile fracture to brittle fracture. The improving effect of mechanical properties between heavy RE and light RE was obvious due to the better anti-degradation property of heavy RE. While the solidification process lasted for more than 250 min, the improving effect was not obvious due to serious spheroidalizat
Effect of Ce-Mg-Si (light RE) and Y-Mg-Si (heavy RE) nodulizers on the microstructures and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile iron was investigated to develop the material of spent-nuclear-fuel containers. Two as-casts were treated by the same quality percentage of light RE and heavy RE, respectively. Four positions were chosen to stand for different solidification cool-ing rates of specimens. The tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness of specimens treated by heavy RE were all higher than those of the specimens treated by light RE. With the decrease of cooling rate, the mechanical properties of two specimens decreased, and the fracture morphology changed from ductile fracture to brittle fracture. The improving effect of mechanical properties between heavy RE and light RE was obvious due to the better anti-degradation property of heavy RE. While the solidification process lasted for more than 250 min, the improving effect was not obvious due to serious spheroidali

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In situ Al2O3np/Al-Al11Ce3 nanocomposite was successfully synthesized from Al-CeO2 system using a novel two-step processing method that combines liquid-state mechanical mixing(step-I) and sonochemistry melt reaction(step-II). The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties were investigated by optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron spectroscopy(TEM) and tensile tests, respectively. A good spatial distribution of CeO2 particles in the Al melt was achieved due to reactive wetting during step-I, and the following formation of Al2O3 np during step-II was attributed to the cavitation-accelerated interfacial reaction. The solidified microstructure comprised uniformly dispersed Al2O3 np in the matrix and ultrafine lamellar Al-Al11Ce3 at the grain boundaries. Such unique microstructure endowed Al2O3np/Al-Al11Ce3 nanocomposite with a good balance between tensile strength(175 MPa) and ductility(18.5%). The strengthening mechanisms of th
In situ Al2O3np/Al-Al11Ce3 nanocomposite was successfully synthesized from Al-CeO2 system using a novel two-step processing method that combines liquid-state mechanical mixing (step-I) and sonochemistry melt reaction (step-II). The microstruc-tural evolution and mechanical properties were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) and tensile tests, respectively. A good spatial distribution of CeO2 particles in the Al melt was achieved due to reactive wetting during step-I, and the following formation of Al2O3np during step-II was attributed to the cavita-tion-accelerated interfacial reaction. The solidified microstructure comprised uniformly dispersed Al2O3np in the matrix and ultrafine lamellar Al-Al11Ce3 at the grain boundaries. Such unique microstructure endowed Al2O3np/Al-Al11Ce3 nanocomposite with a good balance between tensile strength (175 MPa) and ductility (18.5%). The strengthening mechanism

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