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双语推荐：pigment

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Rare earth luminous fiber was prepared by method of melt spinning.X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and fluorescence spectrophotometer as well as afterglow brightness tester were used to characterize the resulting samples.Results from XRD and SEM demonstrated that the phase of SrA12O4:Eu2+,Dy3+in the fiber was not destroyed in the manufacturing process and the as-formed luminous fiber consisted of irregular particles.Under ultraviolet excitation,the luminous fiber exhibited a yellow-green and orange-red emission band with a maximum at 520 nm and around 600 nm originating from SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+and red organic fluorescent pigments.The energy transfer process was further studied.Furthermore,the emission colors of luminous fibers could be tuned from yellow-green to orange-red easily by doping red organic fluorescent pigment,making the materials have potential application in many areas.
Rare earth luminous fiber was prepared by method of melt spinning. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micros-copy (SEM), and fluorescence spectrophotometer as well as afterglow brightness tester were used to characterize the resulting sam-ples. Results from XRD and SEM demonstrated that the phase of SrA12O4:Eu2+,Dy3+in the fiber was not destroyed in the manufac-turing process and the as-formed luminous fiber consisted of irregular particles. Under ultraviolet excitation, the luminous fiber exhib-ited a yellow-green and orange-red emission band with a maximum at 520 nm and around 600 nm originating from SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+and red organic fluorescent pigments. The energy transfer process was further studied. Furthermore, the emission colors of lu-minous fibers could be tuned from yellow-green to orange-red easily by doping red organic fluorescent pigment, making the materials have potential application in many areas.

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视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)为一单层排列整齐的六角柱形细胞所组成,位于神经视网膜的光感受器和脉络膜的Bruch''s膜之间,在维持光感受器细胞存活和正常功能方面起重要作用。多种先天性视网膜色素上皮疾病的发生与胚胎期的发育发生有着密切的关系。本文对RPE胚胎发育的基本过程、诱导RPE发生发育的信号分子、调控RPE发生发育的基因及维持RPE分化的信号通路等几个方面做一综述。
The retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE ) is a pigmented simplecuboidal monolayer of epithelial cells that located between the photoreceptors in the neural retina and the Bruch''s membrane in the vascular choroid and is critical for the survival and function of retinal photoreceptors. The pathogenesis of multiple congenital RPE diseases is closely related to embryonic development.This review summarized the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling early steps of RPE development, with emphasis on basic process, critical signaling molecules, key transcription factors and pathway maintaining the RPE cell fate.

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视网膜和视网膜色素上皮联合错构瘤(combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium,CHRRPE)是一种少见的眼部良性肿瘤,可累及视盘、黄斑或周边视网膜,常见于儿童,其临床特征为瘤体位于视网膜,隆起,有不同程度的色素增生、血管迂曲及视网膜前膜形成.组织病理学检查显示CHRRPE主要由杂乱的胶质、视网膜血管及增生的视网膜色素上皮细胞构成.相干光断层扫描有助于本病的诊断,并可指导治疗.玻璃体切除联合视网膜前膜剥除术可在一定程度上恢复患眼的视网膜结构,稳定或提高视力.(
Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE) is a rare benign lesion in the macula,parapapillary,or peripheral retina that is commonly found in children.Clinical characteristics were elevation in retina,diferent degree of hyperpigmentation,retinal vascular tortuosity,as well as epiretinal membrane formation.Histopathologically,CHRRPE consists of disorganized glial tissue intermixed with numerous blood vessels and proliferating retinal pigment epithelium cells.Optical coherence tomography is a helpful tool in the diagnosis and management of CHRRPE.Pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling may result in restored retinal architecture to some extent and improved or stabled visual acuity for patients with CHRRPE.

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糖尿病性视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)是糖尿病最严重和常见的微血管并发症之一,也是一种世界范围内的主要致盲性眼病。其发病机制相当复杂,目前尚未完全明确。色素上皮衍生因子(pigment epithelium-derived factor,PEDF)是一多功能蛋白质,研究表明它在DR中的保护作用是通过抗氧化应激特性来实现的。本文就PEDF在DR中的抗氧化应激的作用机制做一综述。
Diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) is one of the most serious and commonmicrovascular complications of diabetes,and it is a major cause of blindness all over the world. However, its exact pathogenesis is complicated and not entirely clear.Pigment epithelium-derived factor ( PEDF) is a kind of multifunctional protein.Many studies showed that its protective effects were done by antioxidant properties in the DR. This paper summarized the mechanism of protective effect of antioxidant properties of PEDF in DR.

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增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变( proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)是一种以眼内新生血管形成为特征的糖尿病并发症。眼内新生血管的形成是当今世界主要致盲原因之一。血管内皮生长因子( vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)与色素上皮衍生因子( pigment epithelium-derived factor,PEDF)作为眼内新生血管形成最主要的细胞因子,近年来成为研究热点。本文就VEGF和PEDF在PDR中的研究进展进行综述。
?Proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR ) is a group of disease characterized by neovascular disease complication of diabetes mellitus. Neovascular diseases of eye are one of the major causes of blindness of the world. Recent studies showed that vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor ( PEDF ) are now accepted as the key cytokine in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Recent progress in the investigation of VEGF and PEDF of PDR are summarized in this review.

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探讨p42/p44丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogenactivated protein kinases,MAPK)信号转导通路在高糖诱导的人视网膜色素上皮(human retinal pigment epithelium,hRPE)细胞血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达中的作用。方法:采用hRPE细胞株,将细胞分为正常对照组(5.6mmol/L葡萄糖)、高糖对照组(15,20,30mmol/L葡萄糖)、PD98059处理组(20μmol/L p42/p44MAPK高效选择性抑制剂PD98059处理hRPE细胞)和溶剂二甲基亚砜对照组(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO组)。应用逆转录PCR(RTPCR)技术检测VEGF及色素上皮细胞衍生因子(pigment epithelium derived factor,PEDF)mRNA的表达。应用酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)技术检测细胞上清液中VEGF蛋白的表达结果:高糖作用下VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达显著增高,PD98059处理组VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达受到抑制,且VEGF mRNA/PEDF mRNA比值较高糖组显著降低。结论:p42/p44MAPK信号转导通路可能参与了高糖引起的hRPE细胞VEGF的表达。
AIM: To study p42/p44 mitogen - activated protein kinases ( MAPK ) signal transduction pathway effect on vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) expression induced by elevated glucose concentration in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium ( hRPE) . METHODS:hRPE cells were cultured and divided into four groups:normal glucose group (NG) (5. 6mmol/L), high glucose group ( HG1:15mmol/L D-glucose, HG2:20mmol/L D - glucose, HG3:30mmol/L D - glucose ), PD98059 group: hRPE cells were treated by an efficient and selective inhibitor PD98059 (20μmol/L) of p42/p44MAPK signal transduction pathway and solvent dimethyl sulfoxide group ( DMSO group) . The expression of VEGF and pigment epithelium derived factor ( PEDF ) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. VEGF protein expression in cultured hRPE supernatants was detected by enzyme-linked immumosorbent assay ( ELISA) . RUSULTS: VEGF mRNA and protein expression induced by elevated glucose concentration increased significantly. VEGF mRNA and

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观察早期衰老大鼠视网膜色素上皮-光感受器细胞复合体超微结构的变化。方法:取3月龄及12月龄大鼠视网膜,制成半薄切片,透射电镜下观察视网膜色素上皮-光感受器细胞复合体超微结构的变化。结果:12月龄大鼠视网膜中出现视网膜色素上皮细胞(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)凋亡和RPE-光感受器细胞复合体的退行性改变。结论:视网膜色素上皮-光感受器细胞复合体的退行性改变是视网膜衰老的早期表现。
AIM:To observe the ultrastructural changes of retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE ) -photoreceptor complex in early aging rats. METHODS:Retinas of 3-month old and 12-month old rats were prepared into semi-thin sections and then observed under transmission electron microscope to evaluate the changes of RPE-photoreceptor complex. RESULTS: Apoptosis of RPE cells and degenerative changes of RPE-photoreceptor complex were found in retinas of 12-month old rats. CONCLUSION:RPE-photoreceptor complex degeneration is an early manifestation of the retinal aging.

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色素上皮衍生因子(pigment epithelium-derived factor,PEDF)作为丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂超家族中的非抑制性成员,具有抗血管生成和抗肿瘤特性。趋化因子受体(CC chemokine receptor,CCR)7属趋化因子受体超家族,与肿瘤侵袭、淋巴结转移密切相关。基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMP)9为MMP家族成员之一,通过基质降解和促血管生长参与肿瘤发生发展过程。本文就PEDF、CCR7和MMP9在食管癌的最新研究进展作一综述。
As a non - inhibited member of the serine protease inhibitor(serpin)superfamily,Pigment epithelium -derived factor(PEDF)has the antiangiogenic and antitumorigenic activities. CC chemokine receptor(CCR)7 be-longs to the chemokine receptor superfamily,and is closely related to tumour cell invasion and lymphatic metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)9 is a member of Matrix metalloproteinase family,and takes part in the generation and development of the tumor through degrading the matrix and stimulating the growth of blood vessels. This article re-viewed the latest advances in the study on PEDF,CCR7 and MMP9 in esophageal carcinoma.

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年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)是一种随年龄增长而发病率逐渐升高的黄斑部疾病.主要由视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)和视网膜退行性变引起的不可逆性中心视力下降.人类脂肪干细胞(adipose-derived stem cells,ADSC)具有多向分化潜能.近年研究发现,ADSC联合视网膜细胞诱导因子可体外诱导ADSC向RPE细胞分化,并表达RPE细胞的标志.相关动物模型显示,由ADSC分化而来的RPE样细胞移植后可参与视网膜重建及修复.ADSC移植为AMD的治疗提供了新思路.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD),which is triggered by the destruction of retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE cells),has become the leading cause of vision loss in developed countries.Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) have the potential of multi-directional differentiation.Researches of these years have shown that ADSC can be differentiated into RPE cells and express the markers of RPE cells with the help of retinal cell inducing factors.Animal models have confirmed the involvement of ADSC in repairing the RPE,which may open a new era in the treatment of AMD.

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随着近年来光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)技术的发展,视网膜细微结构更多的细节可被观察.在视网膜外层的OCT成像中有四条高反射线,即外界膜(externallimiting membrane,ELM)、内节/外节交界区(inner segment/outer segment junction,IS/OS)、锥细胞外节末端(cone outer segment tips,COST)和视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE),这些高反射线的完整性与各种视网膜疾病的视力等功能相关,能够提示疾病的预后.本文就OCT对视网膜外层结构显像及其与常见视网膜疾病治疗后视功能恢复的关系进行综述.
In recent years,the fast-developing optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology has provided us more details of the outer retina microstructure.The four hyperreflective lines in OCT images (external limiting membrane,ELM; inner segment/outer segment junction,IS/OS; cone outer segment tips,COST; retinal pigment epithelium,RPE) are associated with visual acuity and function in different retinal diseases,and are able to predict prognosis and clinical outcomes of retinal diseases.In the present review,the emerging knowledge about the microstructures of the outer retina and its relationship with visual function in different retinopathies will be discussed.

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