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双语推荐：决策模型

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SaaS平台软件交付模式主要是把应用软件以服务的形式提供给用户,文中尝试探索了一种基于SaaS模式的决策支持系统的架构。主要方法是采用第三种成熟度模式来设计决策支持系统的架构,对于决策模型主要采用Web Service来对服务决策模型进行封装。基于SaaS模式的决策支持系统就可以根据需求来绑定所需要的决策模型,通过实例来阐述模型绑定的关键步骤。分析了用户访问决策模型的具体流程,给出了使用决策模型的形式语言描述。
Software as a service is a new software deliver model which provides software services for customers. It attempts to explore the architecture of a SaaS-based decision support system. The main method is third SaaS model to design the architecture of the decision sup-port system,package service decision-making model for decision-making model using Web Service. SaaS-based decision support system can bind the decision-making model based on the demand. Examples to illustrate the key steps of the model binding. Analysis of the spe-cific process of user access to the decision-making model is given in the form of language used in the decision-making model descrip-tion.

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分析了预警机指挥下的机群多编队协同空战过程,根据空战决策特点分别以编队和单机为研究对象,提出了分层决策模型,将预警机指挥下的空战决策分解为战役层决策和战术层决策。针对战役层决策,建立编队目标威胁评估和初始兵力分配模型;针对战术层决策,建立单机目标威胁评估和目标分配模型。通过算例分析,验证了决策模型的有效性和实用性。
By analyzing the process of formation cooperative air combat under command of AWACS, a hierarchical decision models was developed based on formation and single plane. And the common air combat situation and warcraft assignment model were proposed. Then the tactical threat assessment model and the target assignment model were designed to solve the problem of coordinated attack. Finally, an application example of the decision model and results was given.

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决策粗糙集(DTRS)通过引入Bayes风险决策理论和三枝决策语义,为不确定知识的获取提供了更可靠的理论依据和语义解释.决策粗糙集的风险偏好模型进一步考虑到决策者的不同风险偏好,使得模型更加贴近实际决策问题.然而,决策粗糙集的风险偏好模型在参数取值范围上有待进一步精确,模型有待进一步完善.提出了一个更准确的决策粗糙集风险偏好模型,并利用UCI的信用卡审批数据集进行验证.结果表明,信用评估结果有效且与决策者的风险态度一致.
By bringing in Bayesian decision procedure and three-way decisions,decision-theoretic rough set (DTRS)provided more reliable theoretical basis and semantic interpretation for ac-quisition of uncertain knowledge.The risk preference model based on DTRS gave a further con-sideration on the decision maker''s different risk preference,which made the model more suitable for the practical decision making problems.However,the range of values of a parameter in the risk preference model needed to be more accurate.This study proposed a new risk preference model in which the range of values of the parameter was more accurate.This study also took the Credit Approval dataset form UCI to demonstrate the proposed model.The output is not only effective but also in line with the decision makers''risk attitude.

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在设备智能维护决策理论的基础上,建立基于风险的供应链风险智能维护决策模型.以供应链长期运作成本率最低为目标,借助半马尔可夫决策相关理论,对供应链风险智能维护决策模型进行构建,给出了模型的相关算法,并以实例验证模型及算法的有效性.
Traditional supply chain risk remedial maintenance decision not only need high maintenance costs but also make supply chain node enterprises a huge loss .T he supply chain risk E-maintenance deci-sion can implement targeted maintenance based on risk prediction .Since there is a certain similarity be-tween supply chain risk and equipment failure and the equipment failure E-maintenance decision had been researched by many researchers .In this paper ,supply chain risk E-maintenance decision model is built by using the Semi-Markovian decision theory to the lowest rate of long-term operating costs of the sup-ply chain target ,then the algorithm of model is given .At last ,the validity of the model and algorithm is verified in the examples .

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以突发危机事件应急决策为应用背景,讨论了双论域上模糊粗糙集的基本理论,建立了基于模糊相容关系的双论域模糊粗糙集模型.在此基础上,把突发危机事件应急决策转化为一个具有模糊决策对象的双论域决策近似空间上的粗糙近似问题,构建了基于双论域模糊粗糙集的应急决策模型.首先在双论域近似空间中计算模糊决策对象的上(下)近似,进而结合经典非确定型决策的思想给出了突发危机事件应急决策的规则.同时,给出了模型的算法.该模型给出了一种在不完全信息环境下应急决策的方法,给出了在充分考虑决策者个人偏好信息基础上的决策置信度以及最优决策规则.该方法能够比较充分地符合应急决策信息不充分、资源有限以及时间紧迫的基本特征,进而对突发危机事件应急决策提供科学的理论基础和现实的决策方法.最后,通过应用算例说明了模型的应用过程,结果验证了本文给出模型的有效性。
In this paper , we discuss the theory of fuzzy rough set over two universes with the background of emer -gency decision-making.Then we define a fuzzy rough set model based on fuzzy compatible relation over two uni-verses.By the theory of fuzzy rough set over two universes , the emergency decision-making changes into a rough approximation of a fuzzy decision object on the decision approximation space over two universes .So , we construct the model of emergency decision making based on fuzzy rough set over two universes .We first compute the lower ( upper ) approximation of the fuzzy decision object with respect to the approximation space over two universes , and then present the decision rules by combing the idea of uncertainty decision-making.Moreover, the algorithm of the model is given .This model gives a kind of decision approach to emergency decision-making under the con-dition of incomplete information .Furthermore , it also gives the optimal decision rules with the confidence coe

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构建一个规范化的投标决策模型，将有利于国际PPP项目投资者投标决策的科学性和有效性。根据国际PPP项目的特点，以风险管理为视角，在系统分析投标决策影响因素的基础上，构建出国际PPP项目投标决策模型。该模型主要包括投标决策流程和辅助投标决策的计算工具两个部分，投资者采用该模型能够得到各个风险因素的重要性排序、项目的整体风险水平和企业对风险的控制与承受能力评价结果，并以此作为科学决策的依据。并通过算例演示了该模型在国际PPP项目投标决策中应用的可行性和适用性。
A standardized bidding decision model is believed to be great helpful for making scientific and effective bid/no bid decision by the international public private partnership(PPP)projects bidders. In this paper,we propose a risk-based bid/no bid decision model for such projects based on the systematic analysis of factors affecting the bid/no bid decision. This model contains two parts:decision making procedure and evaluation method. The procedure guides bidders to make optimal decisions under uncertainty. We use fuzzy analytic network process(F-ANP)as a evaluation method. The results from this model provide a reliable decision support for PPP bidders by giving levels of importance of risk factors,overall risk levels,and bidders’ abilities to control and bear risks. Finally,we give a numerical example to demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of our model.

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提出了一种多阶段三支决策垃圾短信过滤模型。该模型使用不同的信息粒度对短信进行表示,运用序列决策(即多阶段、多步骤决策),在不同的决策阶段基于不同的信息粒度分别进行三支决策,有效地避免了当信息粒度太大或信息量不足时进行不合理的决策,对于不能满足当前决策条件的信息,可以通过补充足够的粒度信息作进一步的决策。最后通过实验证明了该模型的合理性和有效性。
This paper proposes a multistage three-way decisions of spam SMS (short messaging service) filtering model. By using different granularity information to express the SMS, with the sequence decisions (i.e., multistage, multiple steps in decision-making), at different decision-making stages, based on different information granularity respectively three-way decision-making, those can avoid to make irrational decisions when the message size is too big or insufficient information. If the information does not meet the current decision-making conditions, this model can add enough granularity information before making a further decision. Finally, the experimental results prove the rationality and validity of the model.

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弹药保障CGF智能决策系统是装备保障效能评估系统必不可少的组成部分，其核心是对人类决策行为的建模与仿真。在介绍智能决策含义和决策过程的基础上，重点研究和分析了 CGF智能决策行为，构建了 CGF智能决策模型。针对决策过程中由于无法获得人脑思维方式而导致行为模型的表达、描述、推理等受到怀疑的问题，在弹药保障CGF智能决策模型中，将决策行为分解为任务决策、过程决策和动作决策3个步骤，接近于人类思维方式。同时，对实现弹药保障CGF智能决策具有关键作用的任务决策原则、过程决策方法和动作决策规则进行了研究，并给出了应用实例。实例证明，弹药保障CGF智能决策方法逻辑清晰，易于理解和维护，便于实现。
Ammunition support CGF intelligent decision-making system,whose core is human be-havior modeling and simulation,is an indispensable component of equipment support effectiveness evaluation system.On the basis of the introduction of intelligent decision-making concept and de-cision-making process,the paper focuses on CGF intelligent decision-making behavior and con-structs CGF intelligent decision-making model.In the process of decision-making,the problem oc-curs that the expression,description and reasoning of the behavior model are doubted due to the inaccessibility of human brain''s way of thinking.To solve this problem,the decision-making be-havior of the ammunition support CGF intelligent decision-making model is divided into three steps:task decision-making,process decision-making and action decision-making so that it is close to human brain''s way of thinking.At the same time,this paper studies the principles of task deci-sion-making,methods of process decision-making an

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为了选择降低火灾风险的消防安全隐患治理方案,针对消防安全决策具有多因素制约的特征,结合协同理论和模糊数学方法,构建了消防安全隐患治理方案的多因素决策模型。通过确定消防安全隐患治理方案的评选因素及各评选因素的权重,采用消防安全隐患治理方案决策模型获得最优的消防安全隐患治理方案。以苏州市古城区为研究对象,提出了三种消防安全隐患治理方案,采用构建的决策模型进行消防安全决策。结果表明:该决策模型能够反映消防安全隐患治理方案的效果、投资和工期。采用该决策模型优选获得的消防安全隐患治理方案符合古城区区域火灾风险实际,验证了其实用性。
To choose a fire safety hidden trouble control scheme to reduce fire risks, a decision-making model for fire safety hidden trouble control schemes is established here according to the char-acteristics of fire safety decision-making of multi-factor constraint and based on synergistic theory and fuzzy mathematics. By choosing reasonable evaluation factors and confirming the factors’ weights,an optimal fire safety hidden trouble control scheme can be obtained by using the fire safety hidden trouble control scheme decision-making model. The Old Town district of Suzhou city is taken as anobject. Three fire safety hidden trouble control schemes are proposed,and fire safety decision is made by the decision-making model. The results show that,the decision-making model can reveal not only the safety performances but also the investments and time limits of the fire safety hidden trouble control schemes. The fire safety hidden trouble control scheme selected by the decision-making mode

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为实现定期上市目标下的温室栽培生产规划，以作物辐热积模型为依据，利用历史气象数据和市场价格信息，建立基于辐热积模型的温室黄瓜栽培生产规划决策模型。应用 Web 技术开发了温室作物栽培生产规划决策系统，系统能实现作物在确定种植时间条件下预计上市期及温室运行过程的逐日环境优化决策，并以温室栽培黄瓜为例，对决策模型进行了验证。结果表明，系统能根据用户所提出的决策目标和温室运行状况，实现温室栽培生产的规划决策。
Based on product of thermal effectiveness and PAR model ,history climate and market data ,the decision sup-port model of greenhouse culture plan was established .The decision support system was developed based on Web .The deci-sions can be achieved by the proposed system for predicting marketing period with the premise of field planting date and for the environment optimization on a daily basis in the process of greenhouse operation .Using cucumber culture as an example , the decision model was verified .The results showed that the production plan decision can be realized by the proposed system according to user demand and greenhouse realtime climate .

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