麦克斯韦速率分布律是气体分子热运动在平衡态下的统计规律。其数学表达式抽象复杂,教学中不便精确计算和绘制速率分布曲线。利用Matlab GUI可对麦克斯韦速率分布律进行数字化处理,即同一气体在不同温度下的速率分布曲线、同一温度下不同气体的速率分布曲线和三种统计速率(最概然速率、平均速率、方均根速率)的计算。该工作对麦克斯韦速率分布律的教学有较大帮助。

The Maxwell’s speed distribution law is statistical regularity of gasmolecular thermal motion on equilibrium state. As the equation form is rather complicated, it’s inconvenient to make accounting or draw a speed distribution curve in teaching. By using Matlab GUI, the speed distribution curves of different gases are draw at the same temperature, ones of the same gas are also draw under the different temperatures, the three kinds of statistical speeds are studied. This work can make a contribution to the Maxwell’s speed distribution law in teaching.

伽尔顿板实验仪是直接或间接验证麦克斯韦气体分子速率分布律、气体的能均分定理、气体压强的产生、气体温度产生的重要仪器．旧式的伽尔顿板实验仪由于受到动力学效应的约束，显示出明显的局限性．通过对原有仪器进行改进，使每行钉子在水平方向往返运动，增加了钉子与小球的碰撞概率，实验结果更接近统计规律．

Galton board instrument is important because it can verify Maxwell velocity distribution law and the principle of equipartition ;it can explain the principle of gas pressure and temperature .Be-cause of the constraint of kinetic effects ,Galton board experiment instrument show s obvious limita-tions .T his paper improved the structure of instrument ,and each line nails reciprocally vibrated in the horizontal direction .The collision probability between nails and ball was added and the experiment re-sult more approched with the statistical law .