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双语推荐：两步法

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分别采用一步法和两步法制备了聚酰胺（PA）6/马来酸酐接枝三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM-g-MAH）/高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）三元共混物，研究了不同加工方法对三元共混物形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明：与一步法相比，采用两步法所制PA6/EPDM-g-MAH/HDPE三元共混物形成了更加完善的壳-核包覆形态；用一步法所制共混物的悬臂梁缺口冲击强度为24.50kJ/m2，约为用两步法所制共混物的1/3；具有壳-核包覆形态的分散相粒子在受到应力时发生纤维化，纤维的形成能够吸收大量的断裂能以及阻止裂纹的扩展，从而提高共混物的韧性。
Polyamide(PA)6/maleic?anhydride?grafted?ethylene-propylene-diene?monomer(EPDM-g-MAH)/high?density?polyethylene(HDPE)?ternary?blends?were?prepared?via?one-?and?tow-step?methods, respectively.?The?effects?of?different?processing?methods?on?morphology?and?mechanical?properties?of?the?ternary?blends?were?studied.?The?results?indicate?that?the?shell-core?coating?morphology?formed?in?the?PA?6/EPDM-g-MAH/HDPE?ternary?blend?prepared?by?two-step?method?is?more?perfect?than?that?prepared?by?one-step?method.?The?Izod?notched?impact?strength?of?the?blend?prepared?by?one-step?method?is?24.50?kJ/m2,which?is?about?one-third?of?that?prepared?by?two-step?method.?The?fibrillation?of?dispersion?phase?particles?with?shell-core?coating?morphology?in?PA?6/EPDM-g-MAH/HDPE?ternary?blend?can?absorb?plenty?of?fracture?impact?energy?and?pre-vent?micro-crack?further?propagating,thus?the?impact?toughness?of?the?ternary?blend?is?increased.

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以N,N二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,以氯化镍(NiCl2)和聚乙二醇(PEG)为添加剂,采用一步法和两步法2种凝固浴方法制备PVDF/金属镍杂化膜,考察2种凝固浴法以及NiCl2和PEG的含量对PVDF/金属镍杂化膜的亲水性、膜结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:NiCl2对PVDF膜的亲水性有明显的影响,PEG使得一步法膜的水通量和亲水性有了显著提高;采用一步法,NiCl2为8%且PEG为5%时杂化膜的亲水性和力学性能最好.
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/metallic nickel (Ni)hybrid membranes were fabricated by two kinds of coagula-tion bath (one-step method and two-step method) using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent and nickel chloride (NiCl2) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) as additive. The effects of two kinds of coagulation bath and con-tent of NiCl2 and PEG on hydrophilicity, morphology and mechanical property of PVDF/metallic Ni hybrid mem-branes were investigated. It was shown that NiCl2 has obvious influence on hydrophilicity of PVDF membranes and the addition of PEG made the water flux and hydrophilicity of membranes with one-step coagulation bath have greatly improved. Using one-step coagulation, hybrid membranes prepared with 8%NiCl2 and 5%PEG have the best hydrophilicity and mechanical property.

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与先纺丝后混纤的两步法生产工艺相比,一步法生产异收缩混纤丝(ITY)具有生产成本较低、混纤丝结构及性能稳定等特点。本文主要介绍了一步法生产高异收缩混纤丝与低异收缩混纤丝在工艺流程和设备构造方面的关键技术及异同点,并就相关装备生产商的相关装备进行了实际生产效果评价。
Compared to two-step process,one-step spinning process for ITY is more cost-efficient and the product’s quality and performance are more stable. Key technologies, similarities and differences of the spinning system and process between high-shrinkage and low-shrinkage POY/FDY blended yarn were introduced in this article. Furthermore, the practical effects of a domestic spinning system is introduced.

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异氰酸酯产品的非光气合成工艺包括一步法、两步法和三步法.它们各有不同的反应途径,使用不同的催化剂及合成工艺.其中某些产品的三步法非光气合成已经接近成熟.催化剂性能改进和工艺过程开发是这些合成技术工业化的关键.
There are different kinds of technogy for the nonphosgenation processes for synthesis of isocyanates according to the stage of reaction,i.e. one-stage,two-stage and three stage reactions.This review focused on the catalysts, mechanism and technologies of these processes. Three-stage reaction technology for synthesis of some isocyanates is about to commercialized. The successful industrialization will depend on the development of the synthesis routes and the improvement of the performance of catalysts.

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二甲醚是一种性能优良、有发展前景的新燃料，主要有两种制备方法：两步法和一步法。从长远看，一步法生产二甲醚具有较高经济价值，而CO2加氢制取二甲醚是未来的发展方向。二甲醚是理想的能源替代品，它用处广泛，可作为氟氯烃的替代品、民用燃料和车用燃料的替代品，且还可开发出一系列具有高附加值的产品，这也将推动我国二甲醚合成技术工业化的进程。最后对二甲醚的检测方法做了介绍。
Dimethyl ether is a new fuel which has good performance and the future development. There are mainly two preparation methods:two-step method and one-step method. From a long term,one-step production has high economic value,but the preparation of dimethyl ethe from CO 2 and hydrogenation is the future direction. Dimethyl ether is an ideal energy-alternative,which is widely used as the alternative of HCFC, domestic fuel and automotive fuel. The dimethyl ether can also be developed a series of products with high value-added,which will also push the forward of industrial synthesis technology of dimethyl ether. At last, the detection of dimethyl ether is also introduced.

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为了适应企业生产类型的不同特点和成本管理的要求，分步法分为逐步结转分步法和平行结转分步法。逐步结转分步法又分为逐步综合结转分步法和逐步分项结转分步法。会计人员必须熟练掌握在各种分步法下的成本计算方法和技能，以适应不同企业的成本会计岗位。
In order to adapt to different features of enterprise production types and requirements of cost management, fractional steps method is divided into gradual carry-over fractional steps method and parallel carry-over fractional steps method. The former one can be divided into gradual integrated carry-over fractional steps method and gradual partial carry-over fractional steps method . Accountants must master the calculation approaches and skills of cost management under all kinds of process costing method in or-der to get used to the positions of management accounting in different enterprises.

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乒乓球步法教学是高校乒乓球教学中不可或缺的组成部分。其中单一步法的教学是教学的基础，复式步法的教学是教学的重点，因此文章就首先从这两种步法教学入手，对高校乒乓球教学中步法教学的基本方法进行了分析，并在分析的基础上，提出了开展高校乒乓球步法教学与训练的几点建议，即：只有注意培养学生的乒乓球步法意识、重视准备姿势的教学与训练、注意关注乒乓球运动新趋势才能更好地促进高校乒乓球步法教学训练成效的提升。
The teaching of table tennis footwork is an indispens-able part in university table tennis teaching. Single footwork teaching is the basis and compound footwork is the key, therefore, this paper analyzed the basic methods of footwork teaching from the two kinds of footwork, and based on the analysis, proposed several suggestions on carrying out the teaching and training of table tennis footwork in order to improve the effect of table tennis footwork teaching and training, that is, the cultivation of students'' awareness of table tennis footwork, the emphasis on the teaching and training of preparation gesture, and the attention on new trends of table tennis.

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通过对国外优秀女子网球运动员(沃兹尼亚奇、克里斯特尔斯、兹沃娜列娃)单打硬地比赛中相持阶段的步法特征分析可知:三位选手的应用步法相同,防守步法进攻步法相持步法,都以防守型为主;三位选手在相持阶段各自都有常用的五种步法,并占有相当的比例,上步击球步法的使用频率是最高的;除克里斯特尔斯,其它选手在相持、进攻和防守步法的得分率都小于失分,且得分率都不高。
Singles hard game stalemate gait characteristics analysis of the overseas outstanding female tennis player (Caro, Kim Clijsters, Zvonareva) was carried out. The general application of footwork foreign athletes was found, and the same defensive footwork >> attack moves, the stalemate is mainly defensive. Three players in the stalemate each have commonly used five steps, making up a significant portion, and the yi shot footwork use frequency is the highest. Lose points is major in the stalemate stage regarding players in the American except for Kim Clijsters.

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目的评价Vereckei新四步法对宽QRS波室性心动过速(WCT)的诊断价值。方法纳入2009年5月~2012年12月北京军区总医院经Brugada四步法确诊为WCT的患者100例,应用Vereckei新四步法对其12导联体表心电图进行回顾性分析,观察Vereckei新四步法对WCT的诊断与Brugada四步法的阳性一致率。结果 Vereckei新四步法诊断WCT与Brugada四步法的阳性一致率为92%。结论 Vereckei新四步法诊断WCT分析方法简单易行,准确度较高,值得临床推广应用。
Objective To analyze the diagnostic values of Vereckei’s new 4-step method to wide QRS complex tachycardia.Methods The data of 12-lead ECG was retrospectively analyzed by using Vereckei’s new 4-step method in 100 patients diagnosed as wide QRS complex tachycardia. The diagnostic accuracy of this method was observed.Results The positive predictive value of Vereckei’s new 4-step method was 92% to wide QRS complex tachycardia.Conclusion Vereckei’s new 4-step method is simple and practicable with higher accuracy, which is worthy to apply in clinic.

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采用弱酸性染料染锦纶,对一浴一步法和一浴两步法染色-固色这两种工艺进行了探讨,测试并分析了温度、固色剂种类、固色剂用量、pH值对染色性能的影响。结果表明,弱酸性染料染锦纶可以实现染色-固色同浴,减少了水和蒸汽的用量,缩短了染色时间,降低了染色成本;一浴一步法染色-固色工艺所得染色织物色牢度不及一浴两步法染色-固色工艺,而且工艺条件控制不好容易造成面料的固色斑;一浴两步法染色-固色工艺是可行的。
The two kinds of processes about dyeing and fixation in one bath for one step and one bath for two steps of polyamide dyed by weak acid dyes were discussed, and the effects of temperature, the kinds of fixation a-gent, the dosage of fixation agent and pH value on dyeing property were tested and analyzed. The results show that polyamide dyed by weak acid dyes can successfully employ dyeing and fixation in one bath, and it reduces the dosage of water and steam, shortens dyeing time and decreases dyeing costs; the color fastness of fabric dyed by the method of one bath for one step is not as good as that by one bath for two steps, and it can cause fixation spot when the control of process condition is not appropriately controlled; the method of Dyeing and Fixation in one bath for two steps is feasible.

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