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双语推荐：人口密度分布

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选取河北石家庄市1982、1993、2001、2005和2008年5个年份的人口数据资料,在地理信息系统(GIS)和SPSS软件支持下,从人口密度、人口重心两个方面系统分析了石家庄人口空间分布特征,通过人口空间分布模型的回归拟合,找出符合石家庄市人口变化规律的密度模型。结果显示:石家庄市人口密度仍然呈现出由中心向外围渐低的特点;人口重心主要集中在城市东部郊县并有向中部市区迁移的趋势;符合石家庄市人口空间分布的密度模型为倒数函数。这一结果表明城市中心区仍然是石家庄市人口集中区,人口分布郊区化现象尚不明显。
Based on the urban population data of Shijiazhuang city in 1982,1993,2001,2005 and 2008, the spatial feature of population distribution were analyzed by population density index and population gravity center under the support of GIS and SPSS. According the fitting results of the distribution of the population densities, the following conclusions can be drawn:(1) The spatial distribution of population is characterized by decreasing population density from interior to exterior;(2) The population gravity centers transit from east county to the center of the city;(3)The Inverse Model can best describe the spatial distribution of population density in Shijiazhuang city.

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在人口密度栅格数据基础上定量分析了山区人口分布与地形、土地利用、道路、河网以及居民点之间的关系。结果表明山区人口密度与高程、坡度呈显著负相关,相关系数在-0.83以上;与道路、河流存在类似关系,即距离越远人口密度越低,与河流相关性较弱;居民点密度一定程度上直接反映了人口的分布状态,人口密度与中心城市距离存在较高的负相关性,相关系数达到-0.804;与土地利用关系密切,建设用地和耕地中人口密度明显高于其他类型。
Based on raster data of population density, this paper analyses the relationships between population distribution and terrain, land use, roads, rivers, and residential areas from the quantitative point of view in mountain area. The result shows that there exist significant negative correlations both more than-0.83 between population density and elevation, slope;there have a similar relationship that farther away from roads and rivers, lower the population density between the population density and roads, rivers, however weak correlation with the rivers;residential density to some extent is a direct reflection of the distribution of the population, the correlation coefficient between population density and distance from the center city was -0.804; population density and land use was closely related, population densities in construction land and farmland are significantly higher than in other types.

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基于1985-2010年沿海城市人口密度数据，利用ArcGIS和空间统计的方法，分析了1985、1990、1995、2000、2005和2010年6个时间节点沿海城市人口密度的时空变化特征，并探讨了沿海城市人口密度变化的驱动因素。结果表明：1985年以来中国沿海城市人口密度整体上呈现不断增长的趋势，2010年沿海城市常住人口总数为2.64亿人，约占全国总人口的19.70%，平均人口密度在640人/km2左右。人口空间分布差异明显，集中表现为区域中心城市人口密度大，南通市以北地区大部分沿海城市的人口密度小于南通市以南的沿海城市。自然因素、经济因素、城市地位与功能、国家政策以及城市发展历史等是沿海城市人口密度差异的主要驱动因素，其中人口迁入已成为影响人口密度时空变化的最重要驱动力。为进一步促进沿海城市人口的合理分布，建议加强引导沿海地区人口有序流动，积极发展中小城镇，注重提高环境的承载力，促进人口、资源与环境的可持续发展。
Based on population density statistics data of the coastal cities in China during 1985-2010, this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and variation trends of population density in coastal cities by using the tool of ArcGIS and spatial statistics method. The driving factors of the changes of population density are also discussed. The results indicated that the population density of coastal cities showed a rapid growth trend since 1985, the permanent residents of coastal cities in 2010 were 264 million, accounting for about 19.70%of the total population of China. The natural population growth was far less than the mechanical growth in the coastal areas. Differences in spatial distribution of population were very notable, the population densities of regional central cities were larger than those of other cities. Population densities of the cities in northern part of coastal China were lower than those in southern part and the transition city between

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以淮河流域为研究区域，以县域为研究单元，选取人口数及人口密度为研究指标，通过20世纪80年代以来淮河流域人口密度、不均衡指数、重心移动、偏移-分享分析及空间自相关分析等来研究人口空间格局及其演变趋势。结果表明：淮河流域人口增长速度在变慢，人口密度仍在全国平均人口密度的4倍以上，人口分布存在一定的空间关联性，在淮河各支流的中、上游县市区域形成人口集聚区域，人口呈不均衡分布状态且不均衡趋势加强，人口重心逐渐向东北方向迁移。
Taking Huaihe river basin as the study area and county level as the research unit, selecting data of pop-ulation and population density of the Huaihe river basin since the 1980s as the research indicators, the spatial pattern and evolving trend were studied through the related analysis of population density, unbalanced index, population gravi-ty center model, shift-share analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results showed that the rate of population growth became slower;the population density was more than four times than the average of national’ s. There was cer-tain spatial relevance on population distribution;it formed population agglomeration area in the upstream counties of va-rious tributaries of the Huaihe river. The population distribution was imbalanced and such situation was enhanced. The population gravity center slowly moved to the east west.

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基于第三、四、五和六次人口普查资料，利用数学模型对1982~2010年广州市近30 a来的人口增长与空间分布规律深入探讨。得出以下结论：①近30 a来广州市人口保持稳定增长，人口分布总体上趋于分散，人口变化趋于缓和，尤其是近10 a来广州中心城区人口密度缓慢降低，近郊区人口密度较快增长，远郊区人口密度逐步增加的特征更加明显；②人口空间分布由“峰值单中心+外围小中心”结构演变为“扁平化多中心+外围小中心”；③广州市人口发展已进入成熟晚期阶段向老年阶段的过渡时期，但中心城区人口缺口尚未出现；④广州市人口郊区化始于20世纪90年代末，2000年以来郊区化明显加快，属于市中心发展型郊区化。
The growth and change of population are closely related to the urban development. The regularity of urban population changes provides supports for the policy-making concerned urban development. As the fron-tier region of reform and opening up, Guangzhou has experienced a rapid economic, social development, and the population change in the metropolitans is earlier than others in China. Using the data of the third, the fourth, the fifth and the sixth censuses at a Neighborhood (Jie Dao in Chinese) and Town (the NT) level by the mathematic methods of density analysis, concentration index, trend surface analysis and regression analysis model, article reveals the characteristics and law of the population growth and distribution in Guangzhou. The main conclusions are as follows:1) the population growth of Guangzhou can be divided into three stages:the rapid growth stage, from 1986 to 1994, with annual growth rate of 1.74%;the fluctuation growth stage, from 1995 to 2003, with that o

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本文以甘肃省各县区为研究对象,选取1990年、2000年、2010年的人口普查数据,分别计算各县区老年人口比重和老年人口密度。首先应用Arc GIS软件分析老龄化人口的时空分布特征,并通过重心计算均衡点;其次应用Geo Da软件对老年人口分布进行空间自相关分析;最后,从人口、经济、社会角度探索性地分析导致空间分布差异的原因。研究结果表明：甘肃省老龄化现象呈现由东南向西北推进的扇形模式,老年人口密度呈现以兰州市及周边地区为圆心的同心圆扩展模式,老龄化重心位置逐渐向兰州市靠近;老龄化空间分布具有较显著的自相关性;老龄化空间分布差异与人口、社会和经济发展具有一定的关系。
Taking each country in Gansu province as the research object and choosing the census data which include 1990,2000 and 2010 to calculate the proportion of elderly people and the density of elderly people in various counties. First-ly,this paper applies ArcGIS to analysis the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of aging population in each coun-try,and through the center of gravity to determine the equal area;Secondly,this paper applies GeoDa to analysis spatial auto-correlation of aging population in each country;Finally,this paper explores the causes of spatial distribution from population, economy and society. The results show that:the aging phenomenon in Gansu province presents fan mode extending from south-east to northwest,the density of the aging presents concentric circle model extending from Lanzhou and the surrounding areas as the center,the gravity of the aging gets closer to Lanzhou;The spatial distribution of the aging are auto correlated signifi-cantl

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北疆城镇区域是新疆人口最为密集、经济最为发达的城镇密集地区,但其在人口发展过程中过快的人口增长、过低的人口素质、分布广和数量多的贫困人口及少数民族人口等诸多问题已经极大地制约了区域经济的发展步伐。文中通过相关数据的整理和分析,得出北疆城镇区域的人口空间分布总体上具有首位度高、不均衡及人口规模体系不健全等特点,同时深入分析了区域人口密度分布独特的马鞍状分布特点。
Urban regions of North Xinjiang have the biggest populations size,the highest population density and the fastest economic development in Xinjiang,but many problems in the development,such as population fast in-creasing,low population quality,poor population and the minority group,have restricted the economic develop-ment and the social advancement.Then,by the ranging and figuring the data,this research summarized the characteristics of the population space distribution which had high urban primacy index,unequilibrium distribu-tion and the imbanlance of the urban size system.

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文章通过老龄化程度、老龄化速度、养老负担和老年人口空间分布四项指标，分析了山西省人口老龄化程度及地区差异后得出以下结论：第一，从1990年至2010年山西省各地区老龄化阶段呈现出从成年型到老年型逐步发展的趋势。第二，山西省人口老龄化的速度越来越快。第三，山西省人口老龄化具有不均衡的空间分布特征，中北部地区和南部的运城老龄化程度较为严重。第四，从老年人口密度指标衡量，2010年山西省大部分地区进入了低中密度地区，太原进入高密度地区，是养老基础设施建设的重点地区。
This paper makes an analysis about the population aging and the regional differences of Shanxi Province with the population aging indicators such as the degree of the population ageing ,the speed of aging ,the burden of providing for the aged and the elderly population density .It is then concluded that:firstly,the stage of aging in different areas presents a trend from the adult to the old between 1990 and 2010;secondly,the speed of aging is faster and faster in Shanxi Prov-ince;thirdly,there is the characteristics of an uneven spatial distribution about the ageing population ,and the aging degree is much severer in the north-central region and south area such as Yuncheng than in other areas .In the last,judging from the elderly density index ,most area of Shanxi Province has turned to be areas of low density in 2010 ,but Taiyuan becomes an area with high density ,and it should be the key area to construct the endowment infrastructures .

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区域经济发展过程中会出现人口与经济在空间上的联系，存在一定的演变规律，这也是经济发展的规律之一。选取人口和GDP两大指标，根据地域重心和地理集中指数等方法，运用arcgis等软件制作出洞庭湖生态经济区人口重心和经济重心的地理坐标轨迹图变化图表，分析其变化趋势和驱动因素，并提出相应的对策。结果表明：洞庭湖生态经济区人口和经济分布具有较大的不均衡性，人口分布主要体现为向交通干线和区域中心城市集聚，其周围人口密度远远大于其他区域人口密度；经济分布主要体现为交通干线周围优于其他区域，而且人口和经济重心的总趋势是从西南向东北方向移动。
In the process of regional economic development of population and economy in space there is a certain evolution law,which is one of important rules of economic development.In Hunan province in 1993—2012 statistical yearbook of the support of the population and GDP data,by using the methods of geographic concentration index and geographical center of gravity and using the Arcgis software,create the Dongting lake ecological economic zone’s center of gravity and the centre of economic gravity geographic coordinates trajectory change chart,analyses the overall trends and drivers,and proposes the corresponding countermeasure and the prediction of future development. The results show that the dongting lake ecological economic zone distribution of population and economy on the whole imbalance is more obvious,population distribution is mainly embodied in the traffic trunk line and regional central city agglomeration,the surrounding population density is far greater than other area

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根据我国现行人才标准,以2010年全国第六次人口普查和2011年全国统计年鉴为依据,以省级行政区域为单位,统计2010年本科及以上学历人口的密度分布,发现当代全国人才分布极不均衡,东部地区高于西部地区,京、沪、津、苏、浙、陕、卾、黑、吉、辽等人才密度高.国家政策、经济社会发展水平、高等院校布局及自然环境等因素共同作用,促使高学历人口向大中城市、发达地区集聚.
Based on the 6th national census of population and National statistical yearbook in 2011 in China, using the provincial level administrative region as research units, the distribution of the density of people received undergrad-uate education or above was investigated. The results showed that the talented people in contemporary China distributed very uneven, averagely. The densities in the east of China were higher than that in the West. Beijing, Shanghai, Tian-jin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Shanxi, Helongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning clustered more talented people. Factors such as the national policies, level of provincial economic-social development, universities’ layout as well as the differences of natural environment, etc. in the country have influenced the distribution which in turn brought about the different development levels among provinces in China.

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