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双语推荐：信达雅

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理论家一直将“信达雅”解读为翻译标准和作文规范，其实“信达雅”是文人精神和灵魂。文人必须“信达雅”：文人必须“信”，诚信，具有坚定信念，远大抱负；文人必须“达”，通情达理，洞察人情世事；文人必须“雅”，是精神文明的化身。“信达雅”具有社会、时代和阶级的意义；毛泽东用共产党人的语言诠释“信达雅”，给“信达雅”赋予了马克思主义、列宁主义的思想内涵。
@@@@Xin Da Ya, originating from Chinese classic literature theory, is a set of norms for scholars to regulate their liberal behavior as well as the standards of the writing. As a matter of fact,Xin Da Ya is the spirit and soul of scholars who are the guide of the modern times. The scholars should be faithful to their belief and expectation, be ex-pressive to the fact and world affairs, and be elegant and the incarnation of the spiritual civilization. And Mao Zedong elucidates in communists’language which endows it with the thoughts of Marxism and Leninism.

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受后现代翻译理论的影响,"信、达、雅"这一经典翻译标准遭到解构和质疑。本文重新对"信、达、雅"这一翻译标准进行分析,指出其在提出百年后仍适用于当代翻译实践。另外,本文认为,"信、达、雅"可以随着时代的得到进一步的补充和阐释。在"信、达、雅"的基础上"发挥译语优势"使"信、达、雅"更有现实和现代意义。
Affected by postmodern translation theories,the classic translation norm———“faithfulness,smoothness and elegance” is deconstructed and questioned. This paper reanalyzes this norm and points out that it is still applicable to modern translation practice. Besides,this paper holds that the translation norm of “faithfulness,smoothness and elegance” should be further explained and supplemented as time goes by.“Bringing the advantages of the target text into full play” will make the classic norm of “faithfulness,smoothness and elegance” more specific and practical.

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本文首先对于在中国翻译界长期以来具有较大影响的严复"信、达、雅"之说进行剖析,认为"信、达、雅"中的"达"之标准没有单独设立的必要,将"信、达、雅"的三维标准简化为"意义"与"风格"的二维标准,提出了"翻译=意义×风格"之公式形式的标准。该标准以追求翻译要素的兼顾与均衡为理念,将"信、达、雅"这一基于中国古代文论的印象式评价,转化为现代数理式思维的定量描述,以适应新时代的要求。
This paper studies the influential translation theory of“faithfulness (Xin), expressiveness (Da) and elegance (Ya)”proposed by Yan Fu.The author argues that it is unnecessary to set up the standard of“expressiveness (Da)”separately and that the three-dimensional standard should be simplified and replaced by a two-dimensional standard of“meaning and style”, i.e.“Translation=Meaning×Style”.The newly proposed standard of translation attends to every element in translation in a balanced way.It transforms the evaluating criteria based on Chinese traditional aesthetic impression, as shown in“faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance”, into a quantitative description reflecting modern mathematical thinking, so as to meet the demands of the new era.

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从研究＂信＂、＂达＂、＂雅＂与医学翻译的关系入手,举例说明＂信＂、＂达＂、＂雅＂在医学英语翻译中的应用,力图证明严复的翻译三原则可以作为有效的翻译理论指导医学英语翻译。
The author of this essay intends to probe into Yan Fu’s three translating principles gover‐ning the practice of medical English through demonstrating examples and analyzing the relationship betw een the three principles and medical translation .

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翻译人人都在做，但是不是每个人都能够做好。翻译成果的好坏取决于译者的翻译功底，对文章的理解程度，以及自身的翻译素养。而诗歌的翻译在这一方面对译者的要求更是加深了一步，要成功地翻译出一部出色的诗歌，首先就看对这首诗歌的理解程度，其次就看译者对信达雅的深化程度，既对诗歌的“意美”，“形美”，“音美”的达成程度。我们在做翻译时，应在力求达到信达雅的同时，进一步实现“化”，将信达雅作为基本要求去努力实现，而将化境作为最高标准去追求，从中提高自身的翻译涵养。
Lots of people are working for translation;however,not anyone is good at it.The translating efforts are based on translator''s ability,understanding of the text and their translating accomplishment.And poem translating requires even more for the mention above.In order to translate poem successfully,understanding is the first step.Then,translator''s ability to achieve faithfulness,expressiveness and elegance,which means the ability to achieve poem''s beauty of meaning,form and rhythm,is also very important.When translating,we should try to achieve faithfulness,expressiveness and elegance while step further to realize sublimity.We should try to realize faithfulness,expressiveness and elegance as a goal.Meanwhile,we should pursue sublimity as the highest standard so that to enhance our translating ability.

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中国的翻译学传统本质上是一个文章学的传统。严复的“译事三难信达雅”是从文章学的角度对译者提出了要求。“信达雅”的实质就是传统文章学要求的“德学才”。“译文三合义体气”是对“译事三难信达雅”的继承和发展，同样也从文章学的角度，对翻译过程和译文质量的检验提出了更具体、可操作的要求。“义”指的是译文和原文在意义上的契合，“体”指的是译文和原文在文体和形式上的契合，“气”指的是译文和原文在气势和文章内脉上的契合。“信达雅”是译者条件“，义体气”既是翻译原则，又是翻译标准。
The tradition of translation in China is that of writing studies.“Three difficulties in translation of sincerity, transferability and penmanship”proposed by Yan Fu are actually borrowed from traditional writing theo?ry for the needs of translation. The three“difficulties”refer to the three requirements of morality, scholarship and literary capability in traditional writing.“Three matching in meaning, genre and literary strength”are a continua?tion as well as development of Yan Fu. Also based on the traditional theory in writing, they make more concrete and workable requirements for the process of translating and the assessment of translated texts. If“sincerity, transfer?ability and penmanship”are the requirements for a qualified translator, then“three matching”are at the same time the principles in translating and the standards in assessing translations.

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国内的译者以及翻译理论家一直以来信守翻译三原则：信，达，雅。然而随着国家的改革开放，同时也引进了国外的许多翻译理论，当中不乏有：当代美国翻译理论之父，尤金。奈达提出的“动态对等”，“功能对等”，“信息原则”以及“关注读者反应”。
In China, both translators and translation theorists have been abiding by the triplet principles of translation: faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance. Nevertheless, with the policies of “reform and opening to the outside world”, many translation theories have been introduced from foreign countries, among which are“dynamic equivalence”,“functional equivalence”,“message theory”, as wel as“reader’s response”advocated by Eugene Nida, the father of translation theory in the contemporary United States of America.

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对严复倡导翻译的三个原则——"信、达、雅"的理解,尤其是"雅",学界理解较为分歧。文章从严复代表性译作《天演论》的吴汝纶序、自序和译例言分析入手,认为在翻译中,严复最关心的是在"信"的基础上达到"达",而翻译像《天演论》这等精理微言,用汉以前字法、句法,不仅能达到"达",而且还能行远。既符合汉以前字法、句法的文体,又能表达精理微言者,非先秦诸子文体莫属。所以,严译三难中的"雅",其确指为先秦诸子文体,至为明确,学界不应概以"文雅"模糊掉他的本意。当然,以先秦诸子文体之雅言来翻译,针对的是有"精理微言"类的著作,而严复毕生所翻译的八部作品,均属此类,也是需要说明的。
Scholars disagree about the meaning of elegance from the triple principles of translation of Yan Fu .Based on the analysis of two prefaces and one introductory remark ,one from Wu Rulun ,the others from Yan Fu himself ,we can draw a conclusion that Yan Fu cared most that expressiveness on the base of faithfulness was the most valuable among the three difficulties of translation .As for the works of sorts of Evolution and Ethics ,which were thought as subtle thoughts ,using the vocabulary and syntax before the Han dynasty should be easy to be expressive and can go far .None but the style of pre-Qin thinkers serves the purpose that the style is not only before the Han dynasty but also subtle thoughts .Hence it is clear and definite that elegance should be performed as the style of pre-Qin thinkers .On this point academia should not blurr out his original idea with elegance .Of course translation with the style of pre-Qin think-ers is direct against the works of subtle thoughts .It needs

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一百多年前,严复提出了"信达雅"的翻译标准。随着全球化以及跨文化交流活动的增加,翻译工作者对于"信"的理解也有了不同的认识。黄忠廉先生基于"信"提出了变译。然而变译多被局限于科技翻译领域,甚少将其放在文学翻译的背景下进行探讨。该文以布莱克的《浮生六记》译本为例,探讨变译在文学翻译中的应用以及由此产生的利与弊。
Chinese translators have always adopted"faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance"put forward by Yan fu, as a rule for translation. As globalization and increasing intercultural communication, different attitudes and understanding towards faithfulness have been developed. One of which is"translation variation"proposed by Huang Zonglian. However, it is frequently discussed in the translation of scientific materials. This essay aims to analysis its use in literary translation, its advantages and disadvantage by studying Shirley M. Black''s Version of Chapters from a Floating Life.

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"信,达,雅"的翻译原则在翻译界一直被认为是非常重要的标准和原则。然而,德里达的解构主义以一种全新的视角审视了翻译的本质,他认为翻译即"延异",充满不确定性。分析解构主义对翻译活动和翻译观的影响以及对于翻译学的贡献,并由此来探究翻译的本质。
The criteria of “faithfulness,expressiveness,and elegance”have been regarded as the very im-portant standards in translation.However,Derrida deconstructs the essence of translation and he sees translation as “difference”,which is full of ambiguities.This paper will examine its influence on and con-tribution to the translation study,in order to explore the essence of translation.

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