介绍了儿童约束系统的分类、安装使用以及误用类型。基于《机动车儿童乘员用约束系统》强制性国家标准,对市场上较常见的适用于儿童的三款不同品牌、不同安装方式的前向式儿童座椅进行了正面碰撞台车对比试验,并研究了误用情况下对儿童损伤的影响。结果表明,由ISOFIX和座椅支撑安装的儿童座椅对儿童的保护效果最优;而受拉带自身延伸率及安装的座椅头枕和靠背泡沫压缩的影响,由ISOFIX和top tether安装的儿童座椅对儿童的保护效果比单纯由成人安全带安装的效果差;误用儿童座椅肩带将降低儿童座椅对儿童乘员的保护性能。

The classification, installation and the categories of misusing of the children restraint system (CRS) are introduced in this paper. Three forward facing CRS with different brands and different installations are subject to front impact sled test based on the "Restraining Devices for Child Occupants of Motor Vehicles" mandatory national standard. The effect of misusing of restraint system on children is studied. The results show that CRS installed by ISOFIX and support bracket has the best performance on children protection. And CRS installed by ISOFIX and top tether, which is affected by the elongation rate of drawstring and the compression of the headrest and backrest foam, has inferior protection effect than that of adult safety belt only. And the performance on children protection of the CRS would be reduced by misusing of children''s shoulder belt.

本文通过对目前儿童汽车安全座椅进行系统地分析和研究,提出了产品造型设计在遵循安全性的原则下,应从人性化（使用、储放等）和审美化的方面来体现设计理念,使得儿童汽车安全座椅设计更加合理,并且能够适合不同年龄段的儿童使用。不仅对整车及零配件企业研发中心有借鉴意义,而且有利于儿童汽车安全座椅的普及推广。

Based on the systematic analysis and study of current children''s car sa fety seat, the paper proposed the product design to follow the safety principle which is from the human (use, storage etc.) and aesthetic aspects to reflect the design concept, make the child car seat design more reasonable, what’s more, can be suitable for different age of the children. It not only has the reference significance to the research and development center of vehicle and parts enterprises, but also is conducive to the popularization of child safety seat in automobile.

对某反向安装儿童安全座椅的结构进行了改进设计。采用有限元-多刚体耦合的方法，依据欧洲经济委员会（ECE）的法规R44的要求，建立了改进前后的儿童安全座椅正面碰撞台车试验模型，并进行了模型验证。完成了改进后的儿童安全座椅结构正面台车碰撞实验。仿真结果表明：座椅改进后的儿童假人头部综合加速度峰值约降低15g；胸部综合加速度超过55g的时间缩短为2 ms；胸部垂向加速度超过30g的时间约为2.4 ms。台车试验结果与仿真结果一致，胸部综合加速度超过55g的时间缩短为1.7 ms；胸部垂向加速度超过30g的时间约为2.85 ms，且台车实验中座椅结构未产生明显破坏。

Structure improvement was made for a rear-facing child seat. Models of frontal impact sled test for the original and the improved child seats were built and then simulated using Lsdyna-Madymo coupling method referring to the Regulation No. 44 by the Economic Commission for Europe. A front impact sled test was made with a sample of the improved child seat. The results show that the peak of the resultant head acceleration reduces 15g, the time in which the resultant chest acceleration exceeds 55g is cut in 2ms, and the time in which the chest acceleration vertical component exceeds 30g is 2.4ms when using the improved child seat. The test results are in accordance with the simulation results. The time in which the resultant chest acceleration exceeds 55g is cut in 1.7ms, and the time in which the vertical component of the chest acceleration exceeds 30g is 2.85ms, without obvious structure damage during the sled test.

针对欧洲儿童乘员约束系统法规(ECER/4),以某款汽车儿童安全座椅为研究对象,使用非线性有限元动力学分析软件LS-DYNA进行了ECER/4动态试验环境下的碰撞过程仿真分析,得到假人头部加速度、头部损伤值HIC15及胸部加速度。通过与相应法规的比较,初步证明了该款儿童安全座椅的碰撞安全性。

Aiming at European Child Occupant Restraint System Regulations ( ECER/4 ) , the paper selects a child safety seat as object for analysis .It realizes the simulation of collision based on ECER/4 dynamic test envi-ronment in LS-DYNA, obtains an amount of related data such as dummy head acceleration , HIC and chest ac-celeration.Comparing with the ECER/4, it analyzes the collision safety performance of the child safety seat .